What are the nutrient contents of common organic fertilizer materials and the precautions for their application?

Organic fertilizer is mainly made from animal excreta or plant and animal residues and other by-product resources rich in organic matter. It includes human feces and urine, barnyard manure, compost, green manure, oilseed cake fertilizer, biogas fertilizer, etc. So, what are the nutrient contents of common organic fertilizer materials? What are the application precautions?

I. What are the nutrient contents of common organic fertilizer materials?

1. Chicken manure

Poultry manure contains 25.5% organic matter, 1.63% nitrogen, 1.54% phosphorus, 0.85% potassium, 11% carbohydrates, and 7% fiber. Fresh poultry manure has a relatively high water content.

The nitrogen in poultry manure is mainly in the form of uric acid. Uric acid cannot be directly absorbed and used by crops, and it is harmful to crop root growth. At the same time, fresh poultry manure easily attracts underground pests.

2. Cow manure

Cow manure contains 14.5% organic matter, 0.30-0.45% nitrogen, 0.15-0.25% phosphorus, and 0.10-0.15% potassium. Its organic matter and nutrient contents are relatively low, its texture is fine and dense, it contains more water, decomposes slowly, and generates little heat, so it is a slow-release fertilizer.

Cow manure has a relatively high water content and poor aeration, and part of its organic matter is difficult to decompose. It is a cold fertilizer. Drying fresh manure and then mixing it with horse manure for piling can produce a loose, high-quality organic fertilizer.

3. Horse manure

Horse manure contains 21% organic matter, 0.4-0.5% nitrogen, 0.2-0.3% phosphorus, and 0.35-0.45% potassium. Horse manure contains relatively large amounts of cellulose and hemicellulose, and also contains lignin, proteins, fats, organic acids, and various inorganic salts.

Water in horse manure evaporates easily, and it also contains many cellulose-decomposing bacteria. It is a hot fertilizer, and applying horse manure can improve the properties of clay soil.

4. Sheep manure

Sheep manure contains 24-27% organic matter, 0.7-0.8% nitrogen, 0.45-0.6% phosphorus, and 0.4-0.5% potassium. Sheep manure contains more organic matter than other livestock manures, has a finer texture, and is rich in nutrients.

The heat generated by sheep manure is between that of horse manure and cow manure. It is also a hot fertilizer, and is also called a warm fertilizer. It has good effects when applied to sandy soil and clay soil.

5. Pig manure

It contains 15% organic matter, 0.5% nitrogen, 0.5-0.6% phosphorus, and 0.35-0.45% potassium. Pig manure has a relatively fine texture and a relatively complex composition, containing proteins, fats, organic acids, cellulose, hemicellulose, and inorganic salts. Because it contains more nitrogen, its carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is relatively small, about 14:1, and it is generally easily decomposed by microorganisms, releasing nutrients that can be absorbed and used by crops.

Pig manure has the highest humus content, the largest cation exchange capacity, and the strongest fertilizer retention capacity, but it has a relatively high water content and fewer cellulose-decomposing bacteria. Applying it mixed with a small amount of horse manure to inoculate cellulose-decomposing bacteria can greatly increase fertilizer efficiency.

II. What are the precautions for applying organic fertilizer?

1. The nutrients contained in organic fertilizer are not all-purpose

Organic fertilizer contains many types of nutrients, which is an advantage compared with chemical fertilizers that contain a single nutrient, but the nutrients it contains are not balanced.

2. Organic fertilizer decomposes relatively slowly and has a relatively delayed fertilizer effect

Although organic fertilizer contains a complete range of nutrient elements, their contents are relatively low, and it decomposes relatively slowly in the soil. When the application rate of organic fertilizer is not very large, it is difficult to meet the nutrient element needs of crops.

3. Organic fertilizer needs fermentation treatment

Many organic fertilizers carry pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds, and some contain organic compounds harmful to crop growth, so they should all be composted, fermented, and processed before application. Raw manure cannot be applied to the field.

4. Application taboos

It should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers and nitrate nitrogen fertilizers.

Organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter and nutrient elements, and has advantages such as wide sources and comprehensive nutrients, but it also has disadvantages such as being dirty, smelly, unhygienic, low in nutrient content, and slow in fertilizer effect. If you feel that handling it yourself is too troublesome and you are afraid that the treatment will not be thorough enough, you can directly buy factory-processed organic fertilizer.