What are the key points of high-yield wheat planting technology? Doing these seven points well is crucial
Wheat is divided by sowing period into winter wheat and spring wheat, and in our country winter wheat predominates. The sowing time of winter wheat is roughly from mid-to-late September to early October, and the sowing time of spring wheat is after the Spring Festival. At present this is the sowing season for winter wheat, so, what are the key points of high-yield wheat planting technology? Focus on doing these seven points well!
1. Pay attention to choosing plots with high fertility and good water supply
High-yield and high-quality wheat varieties require that the soil nutrients must be comprehensive and sufficient to meet the needs of their high-yield cultivation, so it is advisable to choose plots with high soil fertility and good irrigation conditions, apply more organic fertilizer, and adopt formula fertilization technology.
2. Pay attention to sowing late at the appropriate time
According to the characteristics of the variety, determine the appropriate basic seedling number. It is necessary to prevent excessive sowing rate, which causes passive management in the later period.
3. Pay attention to preventing lodging and heavily applying fertilizer at the stem elongation and jointing stage
Some of the promoted high-quality wheat varieties are not resistant to lodging, especially for wheat fields with excessively large populations, so one chemical control treatment must be carried out from the greening stage to before jointing, and paclobutrazol or Maiyefeng can be sprayed. It is necessary to heavily apply fertilizer at the stem elongation and jointing stage, control the formation of excess lower ears, and promote large ears with many grains.
4. Pay attention to watering the grain-filling water and wheat-yellowing water well, and spraying foliar fertilizer
Watering the grain-filling water well plays an important role in increasing grain weight and preventing dry hot wind. In dry weather, using wheat-yellowing water is beneficial for interplanting the next crop and preventing premature aging. In early to mid-May, in combination with pest and disease control, spray foliar fertilizer 2 to 3 times, such as 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which can reduce the harm of dry hot wind and has an obvious yield-increasing effect.
5. Pay attention to pest and disease control
Generally speaking, high-quality wheat is more susceptible to pests and diseases, such as wheat sheath blight and powdery mildew, and aphids occur earlier and more severely than in conventional varieties. Early control should be carried out according to forecast and prediction.
6. Spray wheat treasure once
When wheat has just broken through the boot and about 60% to 70% has reached the stage before heading and flowering, spray wheat treasure once to activate the activity of biological enzymes in wheat, promote coordinated development of female and male organs, enhance photosynthesis of functional leaves, significantly reduce the empty and shriveled grain rate, increase the seed-setting rate and thousand-grain weight, thereby achieving a yield-increasing effect.
7. Drought resistance and yield increase
1. Alternate deep and shallow tillage, store water with soil
Deep tillage can break the plow pan, increase water permeability, increase water storage, and can promote root penetration downward and expand the range of root absorption, improving water and fertilizer use efficiency. But deep tillage must be suited to local and timely conditions; generally, in years with early land preparation, more precipitation, and sufficient soil moisture, deep tillage is suitable, with a tillage depth of 22—25 cm, followed immediately by harrowing and leveling; if there is little rain and drought after tillage, severe moisture loss often occurs because the soil is not firm. Practice has proved that for dryland wheat, over a period of 3—4 years, deep tillage once in a year with sufficient moisture, followed by shallow tillage for 2—3 years, can not only achieve the purpose of improving soil through deep tillage, but also increase opportunities for soil settling and moisture conservation, and is an important measure for increasing dryland wheat yield.
2. Apply more fertilizer, regulate water with fertilizer
For dryland wheat fields, apply as much organic fertilizer as possible, and apply sufficient inorganic fertilizer according to a formula, especially sufficient phosphate fertilizer, to improve the soil, build up soil fertility, and improve water storage and fertilizer retention capacity and water use efficiency. For general plots, 2500—3000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, 50 kg each of ammonium bicarbonate and superphosphate, and an appropriate amount of potassium fertilizer and trace fertilizer as appropriate can be applied; if soil fertility is poor, 40—60 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer and 50—100 kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu can be applied continuously over three to four years. For high-yield dryland wheat fields, the “one-shot” fertilization method can be adopted, that is, all fertilizer is applied into the soil at one time as base fertilizer in combination with land preparation, among which nitrogen fertilizer should be applied appropriately deep and phosphate fertilizer shallow, so as to cultivate strong seedlings before winter.
3. Use compaction to reduce water evaporation
Compacting during the single-ridge stage of wheat can increase the number of secondary roots per plant, improve the plant's water absorption capacity, destroy surface capillaries, and reduce water evaporation.