Detailed Explanation of the Key Techniques for Soilless Cultivation of Flowers and Bonsai
Soilless cultivation can make plants grow rapidly and robustly, bloom more and earlier, larger and more fragrant, and resist cold and tolerate heat, with few pests and diseases. Generally, the easier ones to cultivate include indoor and outdoor flowers and bonsai such as Monstera deliciosa, Aglaia odorata, Clivia miniata, camellia, Chinese rose, jasmine, rhododendron, kumquat, evergreen, violet, Phalaenopsis, fuchsia, five-needle pine, banana shrub, rubber tree, Brazilian iron plant, begonias, ferns, and palm family plants.
Flowers and bonsai can be converted from soil cultivation to soilless cultivation in any season. The specific steps are as follows:
1. Prepare the nutrient solution: Dilute the soilless cultivation nutrient solution sold on the market with water according to the specified multiple. You can also prepare the nutrient solution yourself with the following formula: ① Macroelements: potassium nitrate 3 grams, calcium nitrate 5 grams, magnesium sulfate 3 grams, ammonium phosphate 2 grams, potassium sulfate 1 gram, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 gram; ② Microelements: (using chemical reagents) disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate 100 milligrams, ferrous sulfate 75 milligrams, boric acid 30 milligrams, manganese sulfate 20 milligrams, zinc sulfate 5 milligrams, copper sulfate 1 milligram, ammonium molybdate 2 milligrams; ③ Tap water 5000 milliliters (that is, 5 kilograms). Prepare the macroelements and microelements into solutions separately and then mix them together to obtain the nutrient solution. The amount of microelements used is very small and not easy to weigh, so they can be prepared at an enlarged multiple, and then the required amount can be extracted by reducing it by the same multiple. For example, the microelements can be weighed out at 100 times the amount and made into a solution, and then 1% of that solution can be extracted, which is the required amount. The nutrient solution is non-toxic, odorless, clean and hygienic, and can be stored for a long time.
2. Remove from the pot: Use your fingers to push the root system together with the soil out through the hole at the bottom of the pot.
3. Wash the roots: Soak the soil-covered root system in water close to the ambient temperature, and wash the soil from around the roots.
4. Soak in solution: Place the washed roots in the prepared nutrient solution and soak for 10 minutes so they fully absorb nutrients.
5. Potting and pouring the solution: Wash the flower pot, place a tile piece or plug plastic gauze at the bottom hole, then put a small amount of perlite and vermiculite into the pot, then place the plant in the pot and hold it upright, then fill perlite, vermiculite and other lightweight ore materials around the root system, and gently shake the pot so that the ore materials fit closely with the root system. Then immediately pour in the prepared nutrient solution until liquid flows out from the bottom hole of the pot.
6. Reinforce the root system: Place broken pieces such as fluorite and ax-cut stone on top of the root system to reinforce it and prevent lodging. At the same time, spray some clean water on the leaves.
7. Daily management: For flowers and bonsai grown soilless, the requirements for light, temperature and other conditions are no different from those for soil cultivation. During the plant's growing period, pour nutrient solution once a week, with the amount depending on the size of the plant; for flowers with slow leaf growth, reduce the amount as appropriate; in winter or during the dormant period, pour once every half a month to a month. Indoor foliage plants can survive under weak light conditions, so the amount of nutrient solution should be reduced. The nutrient solution can also be used for foliar spraying. At ordinary times, pay attention to watering at the right time.