What are the effects of pinching, leaf removal, bud removal, and root pruning on flowers?

The effects of pinching, leaf removal, bud removal, and root pruning on flowers are as follows:

① Pinching: It can prompt the plant to sprout side branches or grow thicker, or promote flower bud differentiation.

② Leaf removal: When transplanting, some leaves should be removed to reduce water evaporation and help survival. Cutting off old leaves can promote new leaf growth and make the plant more attractive.

③ Bud removal: Adventitious buds consume nutrients and disrupt the plant's shape, so they should be removed promptly.

④ Root pruning: When transplanting or repotting flowering shrubs, damaged roots, aged roots, dead roots, and so on must be cut off to encourage more fibrous roots to grow, which benefits growth and development.