What are the bud grafting methods for nursery stock and flowers? Detailed operation steps
As the name suggests, bud grafting uses a single axillary bud as the scion, grafting it onto the branch of the rootstock; after the graft takes, this axillary bud sprouts and sends out a new branch, thereby growing into a flower seedling.
Before bud grafting, first cut from the mother plant a current-year, plump and full branch; the axillary buds on it must be fully mature but not yet sprouting. After collecting the scion, first cut off the leaves, but the petioles must be retained, then wrap it in a damp cloth ready for bud grafting.
The commonly used bud grafting methods are the following 2, which can be chosen according to the physiological characteristics of different flowers and trees.
(1) T-shaped bud grafting is suitable for rose, peach, plum blossom, cherry blossom and other Rosaceae flowers and trees; this type of flower and tree is easy to peel in late summer and early autumn, and the axillary buds can be removed. During this period, metabolism?b>ⅲ, ?/p>When bud grafting, the axillary bud from the middle part of a one-year-old branch should be cut off as the graft bud. First make a horizontal cut about 3-4 mm above the axillary bud, penetrating 2-3 mm into the xylem, then push-cut forward from about 6 mm below the petiole, stopping at the horizontal cut in front of the axillary bud, then remove this shield-shaped bud piece, and with a fingernail pinch off the xylem inside the bud piece, and hold the graft bud in the mouth to keep it moist. Next, cut a T-shaped incision on the back side of the rootstock stem 15 cm from the ground; the size of the incision should be basically the same as the size of the bud piece, then insert the bud from top to bottom into the T-shaped incision of the rootstock, letting the bud piece sit inside the bark of the rootstock, so that the upper horizontal cuts of the two match, and finally tie and fix it.
(2) Chip budding: some flowers and trees have bark and xylem joined relatively tightly and are not easy to peel, so T-shaped bud grafting cannot be used, and chip budding should be used for grafting.
The difference between chip budding and T-shaped bud grafting is that the former cuts off an entire piece of bark on the rootstock according to the size and shape of the graft bud piece; unlike T-shaped bud grafting, which encloses the scion bud piece within the bark of the rootstock, it is attached to the xylem of the rootstock, so it is also called bark-patch budding.
When chip budding, the cutting shape of the bud piece can be respectively slice-shaped, ring-shaped or shield-shaped according to their degree of compatibility with the rootstock, and the bud body must not carry xylem. The size and shape of the bark removed on the rootstock must match the bud piece, so that the cut bark surfaces around them fit tightly together; otherwise the graft will not take.