Key Technical Points for Greenhouse Cultivation and Management of Gerbera
1 Cultivation Techniques
1.1 Land Preparation and Bed Making
Land preparation and bed making is a relatively important cultivation technique in the greenhouse flower cultivation and management of gerbera, occupying an important position in the overall development of flower cultivation. Generally, in order to improve the survival rate of greenhouse gerbera cultivation, during seedling raising management, the soil layer should be turned to a depth of at least 25cm, so as to meet the cultivation needs of the flowers. Before flower cultivation, the soil layer should be turned deep, and the organic matter and soil fertility within the soil layer should be properly treated. Through base fertilizer treatment, disinfectants and fungicides should be applied together in flower cultivation. Typically, 0.5% formalin or 50% carbendazim powder is mixed with the base soil, so as to eliminate fungi within the soil layer. After adding the disinfectants and fungicides, the soil should be covered with film for 3-5d before proceeding with the ridge spacing for seedlings and the corresponding planting preparations. The planting ridge height for seedlings should be controlled at 30cm, width at 20cm, and plant spacing controlled at around 30cm, so as to achieve the maximum survival rate of seedling planting.
1.2 Seedling Selection and Planting
Seedling selection and planting is a cultivation technique implemented after land preparation is completed. In this technical process, seedling selection and planting should be separated. ① In seedling selection, plants that are robust, with glossy green leaves, well-developed root systems, numerous fibrous roots, white in color and free from mechanical damage should be selected. ② Planting management: generally, planting management is suitable from April to June. Water the soil within 2-3d before planting, and choose overcast days or morning and evening hours for seedling planting. Follow the principle of deep holes and shallow planting, exposing the fibrous roots about 1-1.5cm above the soil surface, and firm the roots to prevent loosening of the plant root crown during watering.
1.3 Post-Cultivation Management
Post-cultivation management is also a relatively important management task in the greenhouse flower cultivation and management of gerbera. To improve the level of gerbera flower cultivation management in the implementation of existing management work, attention should be paid to the analysis of post-cultivation management. Overall, post-cultivation management is divided into two stages: ① Seedling stage management. Since the seedlings themselves are relatively fragile throughout the entire cultivation and management process in greenhouse gerbera flower cultivation, damage phenomena often occur during the entire seedling raising and cultivation management. Under such circumstances, in order to improve the overall level of seedling cultivation management, drip irrigation should be adopted in accordance with the requirements of cultivation management techniques, and the water supply and humidity control after seedling raising should be properly analyzed.
After the seedlings grow into small plants, planting management should be carried out, mainly with heavy fertilizer and heavy water, to promote seedling growth and management. At the same time, the light intensity and light duration for the seedlings should be reasonably controlled. ② Flowering stage management. When the plants enter the flowering stage, the flower stems elongate and the flowers open. At this time, a large amount of nutrient supply is needed to meet the growth needs of the plants. At this point, nursery management personnel should promptly observe the opening of flower buds on the plants, promptly remove inferior flower buds, and reduce the nutrient absorption by flower buds from the plants. Appropriately apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to the plants to promote plant growth.
2 Pest and Disease Control Techniques
2.1 Disease Control
Disease control is a relatively important task in the greenhouse flower cultivation and management of gerbera. To improve the overall quality of nursery flower seedling management, it is necessary to promptly analyze disease control in accordance with the requirements of seedling cultivation management, ensuring that a foundation can be laid for controlling the growth conditions of the entire plant during the disease control analysis process. For example, in the disease control of gray mold, the plant growth density and air circulation conditions around the plants should be analyzed, chemical agents should be used for control, and during daily watering, watering should mainly be done below the plant clumps.
2.2 Pest Control
Pest control is also a technique that should be emphasized in the greenhouse flower cultivation and management of gerbera. Since the harm caused by pests is relatively great, in order to improve the efficiency of greenhouse gerbera flower cultivation and management, the causes of pest occurrence throughout the cultivation and management should be promptly analyzed in accordance with the requirements of cultivation management, and techniques such as chemical spraying and physical pest control should be adopted to implement pest control work throughout plant cultivation. When chemical spraying is the main method, the agent should be sprayed once every 7d to reduce the probability of pest occurrence, promptly ensure proper air circulation within the nursery, and reduce pest phenomena caused by environmental factors.