What are the precautions for fertilizing greenhouse flowers in spring?
Spring is also a key period for fertilizing greenhouse flowers, so what precautions are needed during spring fertilization of greenhouse flowers, and how should fertilization be done scientifically? The following introduces the precautions for fertilizing greenhouse flowers in spring.
Greenhouse flowers
As the amount of fertilizer applied to greenhouse flowers increases, some problems arise during fertilization: first, applying too much fertilizer at once increases the concentration of the soil solution, causing reverse osmosis and root damage in flowers; second, over-applying chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, causes an imbalance in the nutrient ratio for flowers; third, when urea and ammonium bicarbonate are applied as topdressing at low temperatures, they are difficult to convert into nitrate nitrogen, forcing flowers to absorb ammonium nitrogen and resulting in ammonium toxicity; fourth, shallow application or broadcasting of urea and ammonium bicarbonate causes ammonia volatilization and damages the stems and leaves of flowers. In order to improve the fertilization level for greenhouse flowers, the following points should be noted in the technical steps.
1. Pay attention to regulating base fertilizer and topdressing. To prevent applying too much fertilizer at once, greenhouse flowers should be given sufficient base fertilizer and appropriate topdressing. Generally, the proportion of base fertilizer should account for about 60% of the total fertilization amount, among which phosphorus fertilizer, because it decomposes slowly, can be increased to 70%. The topdressing amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should each account for about 40%. The application rate of high-quality farmyard compost and manure should not exceed 5000 kg per mu. The application rate of high-quality organic compound fertilizer should not exceed 100 kg per mu.
2. Pay attention to increasing the application of organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer can improve soil structure, release fertilizer effects steadily and slowly, and also regulate soil pH. In addition to applying fertilizers accumulated on the farm, it is also strongly recommended to apply bio-organic fertilizer and refined active organic fertilizers such as Huimanfeng and Diletan. These organic fertilizers can supply the major elements and various trace elements needed for flower growth, supplement organic matter, and improve the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and store water.
Precautions for fertilizing greenhouse flowers in spring
3. Pay attention to fertilization depth. Because greenhouse flowers are in a relatively well-sealed environment, shallow fertilization or broadcasting fertilizer very easily causes the fertilizer to volatilize, which both affects the exertion of fertilizer efficiency and easily produces ammonia harm. When topdressing, be sure to apply it in holes or bands, at a depth of more than 5 cm, and keep a distance of about 10 cm from the root system of the flower plants.
4. Pay attention to topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at suitable temperatures. Nitrogen fertilizer, especially urea and ammonium bicarbonate, is easily absorbed by flowers only after being converted into nitrate nitrogen, and the speed of conversion mainly depends on temperature conditions. When the temperature inside the greenhouse is below 15°C, the activity of nitrifying bacteria will be inhibited. Therefore, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer should be carried out around noon on sunny days; too early or too late will affect the topdressing effect due to lower temperatures. It is recommended to spray a 1% urea solution on the leaves when the temperature is above 15°C.
5. Pay attention to the skillful use of compound fertilizer. Traditional fertilization habits often involve excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, attention to phosphorus fertilizer only for the current season's benefit, severely insufficient application of potassium fertilizer, and failure to supplement trace elements in time. In this way, some fertilizers are applied at several times the required amount, yet the plant utilization rate is very low. In spring, because the temperature is still relatively low and fertilizer effects are slow to develop, improper application will cause waste. Skillfully applying high-concentration, full-element compound fertilizers such as Puroluo Dan, or Mengding microbial compound fertilizer, however, gives high water solubility, absorption rate, and utilization rate, and is suitable for drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and foliar spraying, with stable performance.