What are the common pests and diseases of potted flowers? Introduction to household control methods
There are many types of flower pests and diseases, for example, fungal infection of the host causing gray mold, downy mildew, and phytophthora blight; bacterial soft rot and bacterial leaf spot; and sap-sucking pests, leaf-chewing pests, and trunk and branch pests. These pests and diseases seriously threaten the healthy growth of flowers, so growers need to take corresponding control measures. Introduction to common pests and diseases of household potted flowers and control measures.
I. Diseases
1. Common diseases caused by fungal infection of the host
Damping-off, powdery mildew, rust, anthracnose, gray mold, downy mildew, phytophthora blight, verticillium wilt, root rot, stem rot, etc.
2. Common bacterial diseases caused by bacteria
Soft rot, bacterial leaf spot, bacterial vascular wilt, etc.
3. Diseases caused by viruses and nematodes
Diseases caused by viruses are called viral diseases; diseases caused by nematodes are called nematode diseases.
II. Pests
1. Sap-sucking pests
(1) Sap-sucking pests use their piercing-sucking mouthparts to suck large amounts of sap from plants.
(2) Sap-sucking pests mainly include aphids, scale insects, whiteflies, and leafhoppers of the order Homoptera, and mites of the order Acari, etc.
2. Leaf-chewing pests
(1) The larvae of leaf-chewing pests mainly chew the leaves, causing only the leaf veins to remain, or the leaves to be eaten completely.
(2) Leaf-chewing pests mainly include the slug moths, slug moths, noctuid moths, hawk moths, tussock moths, snout moths, swallowtail butterflies, white butterflies, and the golden-spotted geometer moth of the order Lepidoptera, and leafminer flies of the order Diptera.
Slug moths: yellow slug moth, brown-margined green slug moth, Chinese green slug moth, flat slug moth, mulberry brown slug moth, etc.
Noctuid moths: silver-striped noctuid, small erastria noctuid, tobacco budworm.
Hawk moths: red hawk moth, bindweed hawk moth, blue-eyed hawk moth, elm green hawk moth.
Tussock moths: yellow-tailed tussock moth, rusty tussock moth, tea yellow tussock moth.
Snout moths: watermelon webworm, cotton leaf roller.
Swallowtail butterflies: citrus swallowtail, bluebottle swallowtail.
White butterflies: cabbage white, yellow comma butterfly.
3. Trunk and branch pests
(1) They mainly damage the main trunk, main branches, and side branches of plants.
(2) Trunk and branch pests mainly include longhorn beetles of the order Coleoptera, and the coffee clearwing moth, poplar clearwing moth, and swift moth of the order Lepidoptera, etc.
4. Underground pests
(1) Underground pests mainly damage the roots or the main stem near the soil surface of flowers.
(2) Underground pests mainly include the larvae of scarab beetles (white grubs), wireworms, cutworms of the order Lepidoptera, seed maggot larvae of the order Diptera, and mole crickets and crickets of the order Orthoptera, etc.
III. Control measures
1. Agricultural control
(1) Create a cultivation environment conducive to controlling the spread of diseases.
(2) For flowers that fear strong light, take shade measures.
(3) Do a good job of controlling humidity and strengthening ventilation management.
(4) Choose disease-resistant varieties and do a good job of water and fertilizer management; promptly pinch, prune, trim, and stake; for flowers grown in the open, natural enemies can be used for control.
2. Chemical control
(1) Snail control: spray with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 times dilution; or use 8% metaldehyde granules, crush them and add 4 times the amount of fine soil, and evenly scatter near the affected plants.
(2) Wild slug control: scatter ginger powder, or spray strong brine on the ground to repel them, or scatter quicklime or plant ash in places where wild slugs have been active to kill them.
(3) Leafminer fly control: spray with 25% abamectin-chlorfenapyr emulsifiable concentrate at 1500 times dilution, or 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate at 3000 times dilution, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder at 2500 times dilution, or 50% malathion emulsifiable concentrate at 1500 times dilution, or 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate at 6000 times dilution, or 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 times dilution.
(4) Trunk and branch pest control: when adults lay eggs, apply 20% dichlorvos diesel liquid to the wounded parts of the trunk and branches to kill the eggs; promptly find the insect holes at the sites of frass, then insert cotton balls soaked in 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate or 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate at 10-50 times dilution to poison the larvae in the tunnels; during the pest egg hatching period, drench with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate at 1500 times dilution, or 48% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate at 1300 times dilution.
(5) Mole cricket control: stir-fry wheat bran, soybean cake, crushed corn kernels, etc. until fragrant as bait, then mix with 90% trichlorfon crystal at 30 times dilution and bait, using 3 grams (milliliters) of liquid per 100 grams of bait, and scatter it in the evening; or drench the roots with 90% trichlorfon crystal at 1000 times dilution, or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 times dilution.
(6) Cutworm control: regularly clear weeds and catch and kill larvae; 1st to 3rd instar larvae have poor resistance to chemicals, so insecticide sprays can be used for control; or drench the roots with 90% trichlorfon crystal at 1000 times dilution, or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 times dilution.