How should the seeds of plants, flowers, and trees be treated before sowing

The seeds of most plants, flowers, and trees can be sown directly without any treatment. Seeds with an oily or waxy shell can be mixed with plant ash made into a paste with water before sowing; seeds with a hard seed coat need the coat to be scarified and then soaked in warm water for 24 hours before sowing; some seeds need to be sown before winter, and once their shells are cracked by frost, they will germinate in the spring of the following year. For seeds of plants, flowers, and trees with a thicker seed coat, pregermination treatment is generally carried out before spring sowing, and two methods are mostly used:

1. Water soaking for pregermination: it can be divided into 3 water temperature treatments, cold water soaking for pregermination (above 0°C), warm water soaking for pregermination (40-60°C), and hot water soaking for pregermination (70-90°C).

2. Stratification for pregermination: mix three parts moist sandy soil with one part seeds of plants, flowers, and trees, and keep them moist under refrigeration. In addition, for seeds of plants, flowers, and trees that remain dormant for a long time or seeds that sprout in alternate years, the variable temperature pregermination method can be used, that is, after soaking the seeds, keep the daytime temperature at 25-30°C and the nighttime temperature at 15°C, repeating this for 10-20 days, which can promote their germination.