What methods are there for identifying flower and plant pests and diseases?
Flower and plant diseases are generally divided into two categories: physiological diseases and parasitic diseases.
Physiological diseases are mainly caused by unsuitable conditions such as climate and soil. Commonly occurring physiological diseases include: sunburn caused by strong light in summer; freezing damage caused by low temperatures in winter; root rot caused by excessive water; scorched leaf edges and wilting caused by insufficient water; deficiency symptoms appearing when the soil lacks certain nutrient elements, and so on.
Parasitic diseases are caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and other organisms infecting flowers and plants. These organisms vary in form, but most have parasitic and pathogenic capabilities, and strong reproductive capacity. They can spread from infected plants to healthy plants through various routes (stomata, wounds, insects, wind, rain, etc.), and under suitable environmental conditions grow, develop, reproduce, and spread, repeating the cycle and gradually expanding and spreading. Therefore, this type of disease causes the greatest harm to flowers and plants.
Fungi Fungi are lower organisms with true nuclei and no chlorophyll. They use mycelium as their vegetative body and reproduce by spores, and they are the most important category among flower and plant diseases. Most fungal diseases have obvious symptoms, such as mold-like substances, powdery substances, rust-like substances, dot-like substances, thread-like substances, etc. These characteristics are one of the main bases for identifying fungal diseases. Common fungal diseases include powdery mildew, anthracnose, and so on.
Bacteria Bacteria are a type of single-celled prokaryotic organism that reproduce by division. The characteristics of bacterial diseases are mainly that the affected tissue becomes water-soaked or the lesions are translucent, and under humid conditions bacterial slime oozes out from the diseased parts, producing an oozing pus phenomenon. This is one of the main bases for identifying bacterial diseases. Common bacterial diseases include iris bacterial soft rot, and so on.
Viruses Viruses are an extremely tiny type of parasite. Its form must be observed with an electron microscope. It parasitizes within the living cell tissues of flowers and plants, and can move with the host sap within the flower and plant body, spreading to the whole plant and causing whole-plant disease. Viral diseases often show symptoms such as mosaic, yellowing, deformity, and ring spots. Common viral diseases include narcissus viral disease, and so on.
Nematodes Nematodes belong to a category of lower animals. Nematodes have slender bodies with slightly pointed ends, generally 1-2 mm in body length, like a roundworm. The female adults of a few nematodes are spherical or pear-shaped. They mostly survive in the soil, parasitize the roots of flowers and plants, stimulate the local proliferation of host cells, and form nodular growths. Common nematode diseases include cyclamen root-knot nematode disease, and so on.