How to prevent and control common pests and diseases of household potted flowers?
I. Diseases
1. Common diseases caused by fungal infection of the host
Damping-off, powdery mildew, rust, anthracnose, gray mold, downy mildew, phytophthora blight, verticillium wilt, root rot, stem rot, etc.
2. Common bacterial diseases caused by bacteria
Soft rot, bacterial leaf spot, bacterial vascular wilt, etc.
3. Diseases caused by viruses and nematodes
Diseases caused by viruses are called viral diseases; diseases caused by nematodes are called nematode diseases.
II. Insect pests
1. Piercing-sucking pests
(1) Piercing-sucking pests use their piercing-sucking mouthparts to suck large amounts of sap from plants.
(2) Piercing-sucking pests mainly include aphids, scale insects, whiteflies and leafhoppers of the order Homoptera, and mites of the order Acariformes, etc.
2. Leaf-eating pests
(1) The larvae of leaf-eating pests mainly chew the leaves, leaving only the veins, or eating them completely.
(2) Leaf-eating pests mainly include the slug moths, slug moths, noctuid moths, hawk moths, tussock moths, snout moths, swallowtail butterflies, white butterflies and Calospilos sylvata of the order Lepidoptera, and leaf miners of the order Diptera.
Slug moths: Cnidocampa flavescens, Latoia lepida, Latoia sinica, Thosea sinensis, Setora postornata, etc.
Noctuid moths: Argyrogramma agnata, Anomis flava, Helicoverpa assulta.
Hawk moths: Deilephila elpenor, Herse convolvuli, Smerinthus planus, Smerinthus tokyonis.
Tussock moths: Euproctis similis, Porthesia similis, Euproctis pseudoconspersa.
Snout moths: Diaphania indica, Sylepta derogata.
Swallowtail butterflies: Papilio xuthus, Graphium sarpedon.
White butterflies: Pieris rapae, Polygonia c-aureum.
3. Trunk and branch pests
(1) They mainly damage the trunk, main branches and lateral branches of plants.
(2) Trunk and branch pests mainly include longhorn beetles of the order Coleoptera, and Zeuzera coffeae, Paranthrene tabaniformis and Phassus signifer of the order Lepidoptera, etc.
4. Underground pests
(1) Underground pests mainly damage the roots or the near-surface main stems of flowers.
(2) Underground pests mainly include the larvae of scarab beetles (white grubs) and wireworms, cutworms of the order Lepidoptera, seed maggot larvae of the order Diptera, and mole crickets and crickets of the order Orthoptera, etc.
III. Control measures
1. Agricultural control
(1) Create a cultivation environment conducive to controlling the spread of diseases.
(2) For flowers that are afraid of strong light, shade measures should be taken well.
(3) Do a good job of controlling humidity and strengthening ventilation management.
(4) Select disease-resistant varieties and do a good job of water and fertilizer management; promptly pinch, prune, trim and stake; for flowers grown in the open air, natural enemies can be used for control.
2. Chemical control
(1) Snail control: spray with 1000 times dilution of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate; or use 8% metaldehyde granules, crush them and add 4 times the amount of fine soil, and evenly scatter near the affected plants.
(2) Wild slug control: scatter ginger powder, or spray strong brine on the ground to repel them, or scatter quicklime or plant ash in places where wild slugs have moved to kill them.
(3) Leaf miner control: spray with 1500 times dilution of 25% abamectin·cyromazine emulsifiable concentrate, or 3000 times dilution of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, or 2500 times dilution of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 1500 times dilution of 50% malathion emulsifiable concentrate, or 6000 times dilution of 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate, or 1000 times dilution of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate.
(4) Trunk and branch pest control: when adults lay eggs, apply 20% dichlorvos diesel oil solution to the wounded parts of the trunk and branches to kill the eggs; promptly find the insect holes at the places with insect frass, then insert cotton balls soaked with 10-50 times dilution of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate or 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate to poison the larvae in the tunnels; during the pest egg hatching period, drench with 1500 times dilution of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, or 1300 times dilution of 48% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate.
(5) Mole cricket control: fry wheat bran, soybean cake, crushed corn kernels, etc. until fragrant as bait, then mix evenly with 30 times dilution of 90% trichlorfon crystals and the bait, using 3 grams (ml) of the liquid medicine for 100 grams of bait, and scatter it in the evening; or drench the roots with 1000 times dilution of 90% trichlorfon crystals, or 1000 times dilution of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate.
(6) Cutworm control: often clear weeds and catch and kill the larvae; 1st-3rd instar larvae have poor resistance to pesticides, so insecticides can be sprayed for control; or drench the roots with 1000 times dilution of 90% trichlorfon crystals, or 1000 times dilution of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate.