Master the cultivation techniques for edible mushrooms and prevent and control pests and diseases that easily affect flowers after drought

After a drought, flower crops or legume crops suffer from insufficient soil moisture, poor root growth, and difficulty in fully and effectively absorbing water and nutrients. This easily leads to weakened and yellowing aboveground growth, and in severe cases, dehydration and nutrient deficiency phenomena such as wilting of lower branches and leaves or even the entire plant due to water shortage. When soil moisture is insufficient, fertilizers in the soil are not easily dissolved or absorbed and utilized by plants, leading to excessive accumulation and residue in the soil, which subsequently easily causes salt damage. Cell growth is affected by uneven water supply, the physiological state of the plant body is poor, and it is highly susceptible to infection by various pathogens. At the same time, under relatively dry and hot climatic conditions, the development and breeding of certain pests are often favored, leading to infestation of plants, ultimately creating an unbearable situation where drought effects and pest and disease damage coexist.

Usually in dry and hot environments, the common pests harmful to crops are aphids, spider mites, beet armyworms, thrips, whiteflies, and similar pests, while the common diseases harmful to crops are viral diseases, powdery mildew, sooty mold, damping-off, Fusarium wilt, and nutrient deficiency disorders (physiological diseases). Therefore, while actively combating drought and reducing disasters, comprehensive pest and disease control work for flower crops or legume crops should be carried out targeting the pests and diseases commonly seen in dry and hot environments. In addition, easily soluble fertilizer types should be selected and applied in small amounts at the appropriate time.

Preventive and control technical measures can be carried out according to the characteristics and patterns of the occurrence and damage of these diseases and pests, following conventional control methods for aphids, spider mites, beet armyworms, thrips, whiteflies, powdery mildew, damping-off, and Fusarium wilt. Pesticides needed for pest and disease prevention and control should be prepared in advance to achieve timely and effective control of the impact of pests and diseases.

The overall principle is: do a good job of cleaning and hygiene inside and around the greenhouse, promptly remove weeds, and carry out insecticidal and sterilization work inside the greenhouse. At the same time, do a good job of daily repair and maintenance of greenhouse films, doors and windows, and insect-proof nets to ensure or enhance the greenhouse's physical insect isolation and insect prevention performance. Patrol the greenhouse carefully and observe closely every day, and do a good job of regular chemical insect prevention and insecticidal plant protection work; once individual or a small number of diseased plants are found, they should be immediately removed, and comprehensive pesticide prevention and control spraying should be carried out at the same time. For pest pesticide control, attention should be paid to the principle that aphids, spider mites, thrips, and whiteflies all have piercing-sucking mouthparts, and their damage mode is sucking plant sap; stomach-poison type pesticides should be selected for control. Beet armyworm has chewing mouthparts, and its damage mode is feeding on various parts of the plant. Contact-killing type pesticides should be selected for control.

There are certain differences in the specific pesticides used for pest and disease control, listed as follows:

Commonly used pesticides for controlling damping-off

Zineb, thiram, daojiaoqing, tianan, iprobenfos, edifenphos, kitazin, quintozene, mebenil, thiophanate-methyl (methyl topsin), chlorothalonil, salicylanilide, fenaminosulf (dexon), fluoromide (wangjiaduo), propiconazole (tilt), fenarimol (wanjunling), iprodione (rovral), carbendazim, hymexazol (tachigaren), dimethachlon, sanfumai (tuijunte), weifushuang (weifu), captan, diniconazole, metham-sodium, bingxiejia, dazomet (basamid), validamycin...

Commonly used pesticides for controlling Fusarium wilt

Thiophanate-methyl (methyl topsin), hymexazol (tachigaren), metham-sodium, carbendazim, iprodione (rovral), difenoconazole (score), dazomet (basamid), benomyl, captan, bingxiejia...

Commonly used pesticides for controlling powdery mildew

Thiophanate-methyl (methyl topsin), triadimefon.

For the control of viral diseases and sooty mold, aphids, thrips, whiteflies, and spider mites should be controlled first, because they are usually the transmission vectors of viral diseases.

Commonly used pesticides for controlling beet armyworm:

Malathion, dichlorvos, trichlorfon, phoxim, chlorpyrifos (lorsban), nongdile, methomyl, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, nongmengte, yitaibao, kashike, diflubenzuron No. 1, diflubenzuron No. 3, kuishaling, emamectin benzoate, abamectin, BT emulsion, Bacillus thuringiensis...

Commonly used pesticides for controlling thrips:

Caixi, methomyl, phoxim, quinalphos, carbaryl (sevin), acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos (lorsban), nongdile, omethoate, dichlorvos, chlorfenapyr (chujin), fipronil (regent), deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, fenvalerate, derris extract, azadirachtin, abamectin...

Commonly used pesticides for controlling spider mites:

Azocyclotin, dicofol, amitraz, kashike, hexythiazox, propargite, pyridaben, fenbutatin oxide, bromopropylate...

Commonly used pesticides for controlling aphids and whiteflies:

Abamectin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, pirimicarb, methomyl, fenpropathrin, acephate, dimethoate, omethoate, dichlorvos, trichlorfon, compound liuyangmycin...