Can cottonseed protein replace soybean meal in pig concentrate??
Can cottonseed protein replace soybean meal in pig concentrate??
Soybean meal prices are rising too fast now. Can cottonseed protein replace soybean meal, and how much can it replace???
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Why don't you try it?
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A small amount should be no problem, right?
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I don't know.
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It seems Dr. Wang doesn't quite agree with replacing it.
That cottonseed protein stuff is hard to say!
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What is the fundamental principle of replacement?
First make a total amino acid comparison before drawing a conclusion.
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!! Why replace it? What's the reason?
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Cottonseed protein is a high-quality protein source for pigs, and replacing within 20% is no problem; replacing 20-50% requires appropriate supplementation of crystalline lysine and methionine!
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Of course it can replace part of it! I don't believe nobody does this!
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The crude fiber content of cottonseed cake and meal mainly depends on the degree of dehulling of the cottonseed. Since the crude fiber content of cottonseed cake and meal itself is higher than that of soybean cake and meal, the effective energy and fat of this type of feed is usually lower than that of soybean cake and meal.
In addition, the characteristic of cottonseed cake and meal is its relatively high crude fat content, which can reach about 6.1%. However, we need to note that excessive fat content is not conducive to the storage of cottonseed cake and meal, and can easily cause oxidation and rancidity of the feed.
In cottonseed cake and meal, the mineral content is likewise characterized by low calcium and high phosphorus, and most of it is phytate phosphorus. The content of the trace element iron is relatively high, but the content of the trace element selenium is relatively low.
Likewise, cottonseed cake and meal also contains various anti-nutritional factors, and among these anti-nutritional factors, it should be said that the most influential is free gossypol, which can cause poisoning in animals and can even cause death in animals. In order to better utilize cottonseed cake and meal as a feed source, we must solve the toxicity problem of cottonseed cake and meal. It should be said that the most fundamental way to solve it should be to start with the promotion of non-toxic or low-toxic cotton varieties. At the same time, there are several other issues to note. Detoxification treatment can also be carried out through ferrous sulfate; this is one method. Another method is that when formulating the diet, we can pay attention to balancing the amino acids in the diet, especially by adding synthetic lysine, threonine, tryptophan, or by increasing the crude protein level of the diet, to reduce the toxicity of gossypol and improve the feeding effect of cottonseed cake and meal, thereby improving animal production performance.
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2. Nutritional characteristics of degossypolized cottonseed protein
2.1 Nutritional overview of degossypolized cottonseed protein
As a high-quality protein feed, degossypolized cottonseed protein has a crude protein content of >=50%, crude fiber <=8%, and moisture <=6%. The main component of the crude protein is globulin, about 90%, followed by glutelin. Ultracentrifugation can yield three globulins: 2S, 7S, and 12S, among which 2S exists outside the protein body and accounts for about 30% (Li Yanling, 2001).
2.2 Nutritional advantages of cottonseed protein
2.2.1 High dry matter content
Due to its unique processing technology (liquid-liquid-solid extraction method), its dry matter content in the air-dried state is 93.6%, that of soybean meal is 89.6%, and that of ordinary cottonseed meal is 82.9%, which is 4 and 10.7 percentage points higher than soybean meal and ordinary cottonseed meal, respectively.
2.2.2 High protein content
The protein content exceeds or is comparable to that of soybean meal, and is higher than that of cottonseed meal and other plant-based protein feed sources. Compared with ordinary cottonseed meal, the crude protein (CP) content and net energy for lactation (NEL) are increased by 31.95% and 19%, respectively (Table 1). The crude protein contents of soybean meal (cake), cottonseed meal (cake), sunflower meal, rapeseed meal, and flaxseed meal are 40-45%, 36-45%, 30-33%, 33-37%, and 31-33%, respectively.
2.2.3 Balanced amino acids and high essential amino acid content, especially methionine + cystine content higher than other plant-based protein raw materials, which can make up for and balance the deficiency of sulfur-containing amino acids in plant-based protein feed. The composition ratio of lysine and methionine is similar to the ideal protein pattern, and the amino acid content is rich (Table 2), with a balanced structure. The total amino acid content is 49.26%, which is 8.32 and 16.06 percentage points higher than soybean meal and ordinary cottonseed meal, respectively; the ratio of amino acids to total protein is 95.6%, which is 4 and 14.7
percentage points higher than soybean meal and ordinary cottonseed meal, respectively. The methionine + cystine content is 1.49%, which is 34.3% higher than soybean meal and 22% higher than ordinary cottonseed meal; the content of sulfur-containing amino acids and lysine is also relatively high. The lysine content is slightly lower than that of soybean meal but higher than that of general cottonseed meal. The composition ratio of lysine and methionine is similar to the ideal protein pattern; arginine is 5.87%, which is 10.8% higher than soybean meal and 21.8% higher than ordinary cottonseed meal; isoleucine + leucine is 4.66%, higher than ordinary cottonseed meal (3.7%) and comparable to soybean meal (5.01%); the EAA:NEAA of ordinary cottonseed meal is 1.0:1.35, while that of degossypolized cottonseed protein is 1:1.09, which is very close to the ideal protein pattern.
2.2.4 The rumen bypass rate is higher than that of ordinary cottonseed meal and soybean meal, making it an ideal rumen bypass protein raw material for plant-based protein feed
It has good rumen bypass performance, can avoid waste caused by large degradation of high-quality protein in the rumen, and improves the intestinal digestibility of protein, that is, increases the effective protein content (Table 3 and Table 4). The 48-hour rumen bypass rate of 45% cottonseed protein is 55.8%, which is 54.39 and 16.3 percentage points higher than soybean meal and ordinary cottonseed meal, respectively; the 48-hour rumen bypass rate of 50% cottonseed protein is 51%, which is 49.59 and 11.5 percentage points higher than soybean meal and ordinary cottonseed meal, respectively.
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Cottonseed protein has 50% crude protein and is much cheaper than soybean meal. I just don't know how the effect is and how the palatability is.
--------------------------------------
Why don't you try it?
--------------------------------------
A small amount should be no problem, right?
--------------------------------------
I don't know.
--------------------------------------
It seems Dr. Wang doesn't quite agree with replacing it.
That cottonseed protein stuff is hard to say!
--------------------------------------
What is the fundamental principle of replacement?
First make a total amino acid comparison before drawing a conclusion.
--------------------------------------
!! Why replace it? What's the reason?
--------------------------------------
Cottonseed protein is a high-quality protein source for pigs, and replacing within 20% is no problem; replacing 20-50% requires appropriate supplementation of crystalline lysine and methionine!
--------------------------------------
Of course it can replace part of it! I don't believe nobody does this!
--------------------------------------
The crude fiber content of cottonseed cake and meal mainly depends on the degree of dehulling of the cottonseed. Since the crude fiber content of cottonseed cake and meal itself is higher than that of soybean cake and meal, the effective energy and fat of this type of feed is usually lower than that of soybean cake and meal.
In addition, the characteristic of cottonseed cake and meal is its relatively high crude fat content, which can reach about 6.1%. However, we need to note that excessive fat content is not conducive to the storage of cottonseed cake and meal, and can easily cause oxidation and rancidity of the feed.
In cottonseed cake and meal, the mineral content is likewise characterized by low calcium and high phosphorus, and most of it is phytate phosphorus. The content of the trace element iron is relatively high, but the content of the trace element selenium is relatively low.
Likewise, cottonseed cake and meal also contains various anti-nutritional factors, and among these anti-nutritional factors, it should be said that the most influential is free gossypol, which can cause poisoning in animals and can even cause death in animals. In order to better utilize cottonseed cake and meal as a feed source, we must solve the toxicity problem of cottonseed cake and meal. It should be said that the most fundamental way to solve it should be to start with the promotion of non-toxic or low-toxic cotton varieties. At the same time, there are several other issues to note. Detoxification treatment can also be carried out through ferrous sulfate; this is one method. Another method is that when formulating the diet, we can pay attention to balancing the amino acids in the diet, especially by adding synthetic lysine, threonine, tryptophan, or by increasing the crude protein level of the diet, to reduce the toxicity of gossypol and improve the feeding effect of cottonseed cake and meal, thereby improving animal production performance.
--------------------------------------
2. Nutritional characteristics of degossypolized cottonseed protein
2.1 Nutritional overview of degossypolized cottonseed protein
As a high-quality protein feed, degossypolized cottonseed protein has a crude protein content of >=50%, crude fiber <=8%, and moisture <=6%. The main component of the crude protein is globulin, about 90%, followed by glutelin. Ultracentrifugation can yield three globulins: 2S, 7S, and 12S, among which 2S exists outside the protein body and accounts for about 30% (Li Yanling, 2001).
2.2 Nutritional advantages of cottonseed protein
2.2.1 High dry matter content
Due to its unique processing technology (liquid-liquid-solid extraction method), its dry matter content in the air-dried state is 93.6%, that of soybean meal is 89.6%, and that of ordinary cottonseed meal is 82.9%, which is 4 and 10.7 percentage points higher than soybean meal and ordinary cottonseed meal, respectively.
2.2.2 High protein content
The protein content exceeds or is comparable to that of soybean meal, and is higher than that of cottonseed meal and other plant-based protein feed sources. Compared with ordinary cottonseed meal, the crude protein (CP) content and net energy for lactation (NEL) are increased by 31.95% and 19%, respectively (Table 1). The crude protein contents of soybean meal (cake), cottonseed meal (cake), sunflower meal, rapeseed meal, and flaxseed meal are 40-45%, 36-45%, 30-33%, 33-37%, and 31-33%, respectively.
2.2.3 Balanced amino acids and high essential amino acid content, especially methionine + cystine content higher than other plant-based protein raw materials, which can make up for and balance the deficiency of sulfur-containing amino acids in plant-based protein feed. The composition ratio of lysine and methionine is similar to the ideal protein pattern, and the amino acid content is rich (Table 2), with a balanced structure. The total amino acid content is 49.26%, which is 8.32 and 16.06 percentage points higher than soybean meal and ordinary cottonseed meal, respectively; the ratio of amino acids to total protein is 95.6%, which is 4 and 14.7
percentage points higher than soybean meal and ordinary cottonseed meal, respectively. The methionine + cystine content is 1.49%, which is 34.3% higher than soybean meal and 22% higher than ordinary cottonseed meal; the content of sulfur-containing amino acids and lysine is also relatively high. The lysine content is slightly lower than that of soybean meal but higher than that of general cottonseed meal. The composition ratio of lysine and methionine is similar to the ideal protein pattern; arginine is 5.87%, which is 10.8% higher than soybean meal and 21.8% higher than ordinary cottonseed meal; isoleucine + leucine is 4.66%, higher than ordinary cottonseed meal (3.7%) and comparable to soybean meal (5.01%); the EAA:NEAA of ordinary cottonseed meal is 1.0:1.35, while that of degossypolized cottonseed protein is 1:1.09, which is very close to the ideal protein pattern.
2.2.4 The rumen bypass rate is higher than that of ordinary cottonseed meal and soybean meal, making it an ideal rumen bypass protein raw material for plant-based protein feed
It has good rumen bypass performance, can avoid waste caused by large degradation of high-quality protein in the rumen, and improves the intestinal digestibility of protein, that is, increases the effective protein content (Table 3 and Table 4). The 48-hour rumen bypass rate of 45% cottonseed protein is 55.8%, which is 54.39 and 16.3 percentage points higher than soybean meal and ordinary cottonseed meal, respectively; the 48-hour rumen bypass rate of 50% cottonseed protein is 51%, which is 49.59 and 11.5 percentage points higher than soybean meal and ordinary cottonseed meal, respectively.
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Cottonseed protein has 50% crude protein and is much cheaper than soybean meal. I just don't know how the effect is and how the palatability is.