Detailed Explanation of Common Pest and Disease Control Techniques for Garden Flowers
1 Common Diseases of Garden Flowers and Their Control Techniques
1.1 Damping-off
Once flowers in the growing stage are infected with damping-off, root rot will occur directly. In the early stage of infection, these flowers show brown patches on the roots, and at the same time, the epidermis also appears withered. In the late stage of infection, the most prominent sign is that the entire flower plant wilts and dies, and some flowers even show lignification of plant tissues after being infected with damping-off. The water-retention function of the tissues is gradually lost, so the flowers cannot obtain nutrients or water through normal channels, directly resulting in upright wilting.
Control measures: When plant care workers carry out planting treatment for flowers, the first thing to do is to soak the seeds of flowers that are susceptible to infection in a medicinal solution. According to the weight of the seeds, mix in Ceresan at a ratio of 1:500 before sowing. At this time, workers should note that after this treatment step is completed, water must be supplied to the plants that have been sown, to prevent death from lack of water due to untimely water supply.
1.2 Powdery Mildew
The flower species susceptible to powdery mildew mainly include cineraria and fuchsia. In the early stage of powdery mildew infection, these flower varieties mainly show a light gray color on the leaf surface. Usually, a layer of white flocculent material appears on the infected parts. When these white flocculent materials extend over the entire leaf surface, the newly growing branches and leaves of the flowers stop growing. This ultimately causes the whole flower plant to wilt. The conditions that allow powdery mildew to spread widely are a stuffy, hot, and poorly ventilated environment.
Control measures: In view of the causes of powdery mildew, workers need to create a dry and ventilated environment for flower growth during the flower planting process, so as to meet the growth needs of the flowers. Some chemical control methods can also be used for treatment. The use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can improve the disease resistance of flowers and enhance their immunity. If the flowers have already been infected with powdery mildew at this time, care workers need to remove the infected stems and leaves to prevent the spread of the pathogen. Dealing with the infected parts at the source can prevent the disease from threatening the life and health of the entire flower plant.
1.3 Black Mold
When flowers are infected with black mold, brown mold spots generally form on their leaves. As the degree of infection deepens, black mold layers gradually form, which greatly affects photosynthesis in the leaves. At the same time, it also has a great impact on the ornamental value of the flowers, and may even cause the flowers to die.
Control measures: The control of black mold in flowers is generally carried out during indoor cultivation. For example, the light transmittance and ventilation of the indoor environment can be improved, and the indoor temperature and humidity should be well controlled. In addition, Bordeaux mixture can be sprayed on already infected plants.
2 Common Insect Pests of Garden Flowers and Their Control Techniques
2.1 Aphids
Aphids, also known as plant lice, are a very common type of insect pest in the flower cultivation process. Generally speaking, aphid species include chrysanthemum aphids, rose long-tube aphids, and green peach aphids. Aphids have strong reproductive capacity and often gather on the undersides of flower leaves, inside tender buds, and in flower buds. Damage from aphids causes flower leaves to dry up, and in severe cases causes the flowers to die.
Control measures: Pesticides such as derris extract or pyrethrum can be selected for spraying control, or a 1:1000 laundry detergent aqueous solution can be selected for spraying. Enzyme-added laundry detergent is especially effective, because the enzyme components in it can cause greater damage to the epidermal tissues of aphids, thereby achieving a very good killing effect. Generally speaking, the spraying cycle is 1 week.
2.2 Red Spider Mites
Red spider mites are also one of the common insect pests of flowers. Compared with aphids, red spider mites can cause harm to many flowers, such as Chinese rose, jasmine, scarlet sage, and rhododendron. Generally speaking, summer is the stage with the highest rate of red spider mite damage. This type of pest often spins webs on the undersides of flower leaves and then uses their piercing-sucking mouthparts to suck the sap and nutrients from the plants. Flowers damaged by red spider mites grow abnormally slowly, and in severe cases even wither and die.
Control measures: Select a 1500-fold dilution of dimethoate or an 800-fold dilution of 25% chlordimeform for mist spraying. The spraying cycle is generally half a month. It should be noted that indoor ventilation must be ensured for a period after spraying.
3 Conclusion
In summary, for the control of common pests and diseases in garden flowers, first, targeted control methods should be selected, and control work should be carried out according to the type of pesticide and the type of pest or disease infection; second, the occurrence patterns of different pest and disease problems should be accurately grasped, the best control period should be selected, and the occurrence time and patterns of various common pest and disease problems should be deeply analyzed, so that the best entry point for control can be found; third, the amount of pesticide used should be well controlled, the sensitivity of flowers to the pesticide should be accurately understood, and spraying should be differentiated according to different flower species; finally, chemical pesticides should be used scientifically, and the types of pesticides should be changed regularly to prevent the development of resistance.
Author: Jiang Shubao. Modern Horticulture
