A few points to understand before developing barren hills

Last year I started clearing land in Hubei to build a walnut orchard, and it has been more than a year now. Only I know the bittersweet struggles involved. It is only to give friends who want to build an orchard some advice that I wrote down this history, so you can take fewer detours and reduce your losses; I mean nothing else by it.
First, pay attention when signing an agreement with the village; you must make sure the village can obtain the forest rights certificate, and it is best to have the village handle it. If the forest rights certificate
cannot be obtained, it will be very troublesome,,,<不是一般的麻烦》。我的果园到现在都办不了证，很头疼的。
Second, "the land boundaries are very important." At the time I only looked at the area around the hill, and some villagers did not know that the land at the edge of the hill had already been given to me. After I started work, trouble came. There were many disputes.
Third, "the villagers' signatures and fingerprints are very important." Only a valid contract is protected by law. And more than two-thirds of the villagers must sign.
Fourth, "digging the hill requires a budget, whether the excavator is paid by the mu or by the hour." I calculated by the mu, 600 per mu. It is more cost-effective than paying by the hour.
Fifth, "do not change the shape of the hill." I did it wrong. I am from the plains and had never stayed in a mountainous area, so I used the ideas of flatland farming to farm mountain land, a big mistake. Terraces are very important.
Sixth, "do not dig up the good large trees on the hill." Destroying the original ecology will take many years to recover. I did it wrong and was also retaliated against by nature.
Seventh, "do not turn the whole hill over," soil erosion is too severe.
Eighth, "grass also has benefits." In the first year of digging the hill, do not spray too much herbicide. Some people may have different views, but I have deeply experienced it; those who do not plant on mountain land will not understand. The reason is that grass can cover the ground, slow the evaporation of surface moisture, and reduce soil erosion. It is enough just to remove the grass around the fruit trees.
The above points are my summary from the first year of clearing land and building an orchard. I hope they are helpful to friends engaged in agriculture. I myself have already learned my lesson. Previously I had never visited "Tianya Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries," and now I am on it every day, learning the techniques of experts. Kind people often write out their experiences and lessons to help everyone, and I greatly admire and am moved by them. After all, being a farmer is too hard, and the harvest depends on heaven's arrangement.