Design Concept and Pig Herd Structure for a 10,000-Head Pig Farm

I. Design Concept and Basis1. Annual slaughter of 10,000 commercial pigs 2. Factory farming: of a certain scale. Continuous cyclic production according to a set production process 3. Production week: pig farm management and pig production are planned and implemented on a weekly basis 4. Growth cycle of commercial pigs: 23 weeks, reaching 95-100 kg body weight 5. Sow gestation period: 114 days 6. Sow lactation period: 28 days 7. Sow estrous cycle: 21 days 8. Post-farrowing estrus of sows (referring to after piglet weaning): 10 days 9. Sow reproductive cycle: 22 weeks 10. Days in a year: 365 days 11. 10.5 live piglets born per litter 12. Annual rearing-to-slaughter rate 88% 13. Mating: natural mating 14. Sow farrowing rate 92%II. Site Selection1. Away from markets, villages and major roads; water meets national hygiene standards; electricity supply is unobstructed. 2. High and dry terrain, sheltered from wind and facing the sun. 3. Non-epidemic areaIII. Production Process Design1. Facing south with a north-facing back, spacing is 4-5 times the building height. 2. From the upwind direction, the pig houses are arranged in order: breeding pig unit, gestation unit, farrowing unit (farrowing house), nursery unit, growing unit, finishing unit 3. Pig herd flow chart:

IV. Key Design Points of Production Units(1) Key points of the breeding pig and mating unit:1. Specifications: length 54 m x width 7.5 m 2. The floor should have a rough surface, with a slope not greater than 1% 3. Boar pens should be near the south side of the pig house, and there should also be an exercise yard 4. Boar pens: 27-30 pens occupying 8-9 sq m (3 x 3 sq m), one pig per pen. 5. Opposite the boar pens should be pens for sows to be mated and pens for sows under observation after mating. Generally, 1 boar pen corresponds to 5 sow pens opposite.(2) Gestating sow unit1. Specifications: length 54 m x width 7.5 m 2. Number of sow pens: 360, length x width x height = 2.2 x 0.6 x 1.2 m individual stalls 3. The feeding equipment for gestating sows should be a simultaneous feeding system(3) Farrowing1. Length 54 m x width 7.5 m 2. There should be a heating system for suckling piglets and the pig house, as well as a cooling system. 3. 168 farrowing crates [24 x (1+4+1+1)], length 2.5 x width (0.6 + 0.6 + 0.6) 4. 120 farrowing sows 5. Suckling piglets: floor space 0.1-0.15 sq m/pig, 10.5-9.975 pigs per pen(4) Nursery unit1. Specifications: length 54 m x width 7.5 m 2. Two litters from the farrowing unit are combined into one pen 3. Nursery pens, elevated-crate feeding, 60 pens, 0.25-0.3 sq m/pig, 19.95-19.1 pigs per pen, each pen area 5 sq m (3 x 1.7 m) 4. Water supply system with a medication tank, as well as heating and cooling systems.(5) Growing unit1. Specifications: length 54 m x width 10.5 m 2. Number of pens: 96 pens, 19.1-18.7 pigs per pen 3. Floor space: 0.35-0.4 sq m/pig, each pen 6.7 sq m (length 2.5 x width 4.5 x height 1.2)(6) Finishing unit1. Specifications: length 54 m x width 10.5 m 2. Number of pens: 96 pens, 18.7-18.5 pigs per pen 3. Floor space: 0.8-1 sq m/pig, each pen 15 sq m (length 3.3 x width 4.5 x height 1.2)(7) Pig loading platform (pen)1. One scale 2. A loading pen with a capacity of 120 pigs, 90 sq m, divided into 8 pens.(8) Sick pig unit1. Individual pen water supply system 2. 10 elevated-crate pens (length 2.5 m x width 2.5 m x height 0.8 m) 3. 10 ordinary pens (length 2.5 m x width 2.5 m x height 1.2 m)V. Pig Herd Structure(1) Breeding sows1. Basis: annual slaughter of 10,000 head, 365 days per year, gestation period 114 days, lactation period 28 days, post-farrowing mating 10 days, sows produce 2.2 litters per year, slaughter rate 88%, 10.5 live piglets per litter, sow farrowing rate 92%. 2. Calculation: annual litters per sow = [365/(114+28+10)] x 92% 3. Number of breeding sows = 10000 ÷ 88% ÷ 2.2 ÷ 10.5 = 491.9 head ≈ 528 head 4. Breeding sows mated per week = 528 ÷ 22 = 24 head(2) Breeding boars1. Basis: natural mating, boars normally used 6 days per week, once per day, male-to-female ratio is 1:20. 2. Calculation: breeding boars = 528 ÷ 20 ≈ 27(3) Piglets1. Basis: weaned at 4 weeks, retained for one week, 24 sows farrow per week. 10.5 piglets per litter, survival rate 95%. 2. Number of piglets (head) = 5 x 24 x 10.5 x 95% = 1197 head(4) Nursery pigs1. Growth period 4 weeks 2. Basis: growth period 4 weeks, 24 litters per week, 10.5 piglets per litter, survival rate 95-96%. 3. Number of nursery pigs (head) = 4 x 24 x 10.5 x 95% = 957.6 x 96% = 919(5) Growing pigs1. Growth period 7 weeks (7-8 weeks) 2. Basis: growth period 7 weeks, 24 litters per week, 10.5 piglets per litter, survival rate during growing period 98%. 3. Number of growing pigs (head) = 7 x 24 x 10.5 x 95% x 96% = 1608.7 x 98% = 1576.6 head(6) Finishing pigs1. Growth period: 7 weeks (7-8 weeks) 2. Basis: growth period 7 weeks, 24 litters per week, 10.5 piglets per litter, finishing survival rate 99%. 3. Number of finishing pigs (head): 7 x 24 x 10.5 x 95% x 96% x 98% = 1576.6 x 99% = 1561 head(7) Slaughter volume algorithm and verification1. Algorithm for inventory at each stage Annual slaughter number = (suckling piglet inventory 1197 + nursery pig inventory 919 + growing period inventory 1576.6 + finishing period inventory 1561) x 2.2 litters per sow per year x sow farrowing rate 92% = 10633 head 2. Algorithm for weekly sow farrowing number and rearing rate Annual slaughter number = weekly farrowing sows 24 x live piglets per litter 10.5 x rearing rate 88% x 52 weeks per year x pig farrowing rate 92% = 10608.9 3. Algorithm for total number of sows Annual slaughter number = total farrowing sows 528 x live piglets per litter 10.5 x 88% x 2.2 = 10733.2VI. Design and Pig Herd Structure Data Table for a Pig Farm with an Annual Slaughter of 10,000 Head

Source: Xumu Wenku