How are pig vaccines administered? Pay attention to these vaccination details
The Pig Disease Communication platform (WeChat ID: zbt120) often receives feedback from pig farmers that right after vaccination, their pigs develop fever and reduced feed intake, and in severe cases even death. They think it is a vaccine quality problem, but it is not. In fact, the health status of the pig herd and the method of vaccination play a vital role in the immune effect of the vaccine. How can scientific vaccination produce a good immune effect? The licensed veterinarians of Pig Disease Communication will discuss and study some details of vaccine immunization together with everyone.
1. Vaccine products must be stored according to the instructions. Generally, the storage temperature of live vaccines is -15°C, and the storage temperature of inactivated vaccines is 0-8°C. Because the storage temperature of vaccines differs, the length of the shelf life also differs. Oil vaccines and water vaccines cannot be used after freezing. The correct storage method for vaccines can ensure that the vaccine titer is not reduced and reduce the occurrence of vaccine immunization failure or allergic reactions.
2. Before vaccinating pigs, check the health status of the pig herd to be immunized. If the pig herd is sick, in the incubation period of a disease, or in a subhealthy state, it cannot be vaccinated, and symptoms may appear after vaccination. The licensed veterinarians of Pig Disease Communication suggest: the pig herd must be in a healthy state before immunization. Under certain special circumstances, such as emergency vaccination for swine fever vaccine.
3. After taking the vaccine out of the refrigerator, do not vaccinate immediately. Use it only after the vaccine returns to room temperature. Because a low-temperature vaccine injected into the pig's body stimulates local pain, increases the body's stress response to the vaccine, and in severe cases can cause pain shock in pigs.
4. Before diluting the vaccine, check whether it is a vaccine that has lost vacuum or an expired vaccine. The licensed veterinarians of Pig Disease Communication suggest: in summer, when the temperature is high, use the diluted vaccine within 1 hour. Therefore, during vaccination, the vaccine should be diluted in batches according to the size of the pig herd to be immunized and the vaccination speed, so as not to affect the vaccine immune effect.
5. Choose the appropriate needle according to the individual size of the pig. For example, for suckling piglets in the farrowing house, choose a 9 gauge x 15 mm needle; for early-stage piglets in the nursery house, choose a 12 gauge x 20 mm needle; for late-stage piglets in the nursery house, choose a 12 gauge x 25 mm needle; for medium pigs, choose a 16 gauge x 25 mm needle; for heavy market pigs, replacement breeding pigs before and after mating, boars and sows, choose a 16 gauge x 38 mm needle, etc. The licensed veterinarians of Pig Disease Communication suggest: in pig farms with the conditions to do so, use one needle per pig as much as possible.
6. Vaccine use method. During injection, the equipment and injection site must be strictly disinfected. Some vaccines require deep intramuscular injection in the neck, so a needle of appropriate length must be selected and inserted vertically to inject the vaccine into the deep muscle layer, avoiding too shallow injection, which can cause swelling at the injection site and is not conducive to vaccine absorption. This leads to a decline or failure of the vaccine immune effect. For intranasal vaccination, the appropriate amount of diluent must be mastered to increase the retention time of the vaccine in the nasal cavity. Missed immunization is also one of the important causes of immunization failure.
7. Before vaccination, multivitamins, electrolytes, astragalus polysaccharides and other substances can be added to the pig herd's feed or drinking water, which can reduce the immune stress response and improve the vaccine immune effect. Do not use antiviral drugs 3 days before and after injecting viral vaccines, and do not use antibiotics 5 days before and after vaccinating with bacterial vaccines. The use of two live viral vaccines should be spaced about one week apart. Inactivated viral vaccines and live viral vaccines can be used at the same time separately.
8. After vaccination, equipment and empty vaccine bottles must not be discarded at will. This avoids the occurrence of vaccine virulence reversion and brings potential disease infection pressure to the pig farm. About half an hour after vaccine injection, some pigs show reactions such as increased body temperature, reduced feed intake, rapid breathing, and generalized flushing or pallor. Generally, dexamethasone or epinephrine is used to relieve the symptoms.
Controlling the occurrence of infectious diseases in pig farming is the top priority of concern for pig producers. Doing a good job in vaccine immunization is the foundation. Mastering scientific vaccine operation methods, formulating an immunization program suitable for one's own pig farm, and regularly carrying out vaccine immunization work play a role in getting twice the result with half the effort for healthy pig farming.
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