What are the basic characteristics of agricultural industrialization?
Agricultural industrialization is a modern management approach and industrial organization form that is market-oriented, centered on economic efficiency, focused on leading industries and products, optimizes and combines various production factors, and implements regional layout, specialized production, large-scale construction, serialized processing, socialized services, and enterprise-style management, forming an integrated management system of planting, breeding and processing, production, supply and marketing, trade, industry and agriculture, agriculture, industry and commerce, and agriculture, science and education, so that agriculture embarks on a sound development track of self-development, self-accumulation, self-restraint and self-regulation. In essence, it refers to the process of carrying out technical transformation of traditional agriculture and promoting the progress of agricultural science and technology. This management model advances the transformation of traditional agriculture into modern agriculture as a whole, and is an effective way to accelerate agricultural modernization.
The basic approach of agricultural industrialization
The basic approach of agricultural industrialization is to determine leading industries, implement regional layout, rely on the driving force of leading enterprises, develop scale operations, and implement an industrial organization form in which the market drives leading enterprises, leading enterprises drive bases, and bases connect with farmers. Its basic types mainly include: market-connected type, leading-enterprise-driven type, agriculture-science-education-combined type, and professional-association-driven type.
The basic characteristics of agricultural industrialization
Compared with traditional closed agricultural production and operation, industrialized agricultural operation has the following basic characteristics:
1. Marketization: The market is the starting point and destination of agricultural industrialization. The operation of agricultural industrialization must be oriented to domestic and international markets, change the closed state of self-sufficiency and self-service of the traditional small-scale peasant economy, and its resource allocation, combination of production factors, and purchase and sale of means of production and products are allocated and realized through market mechanisms.
2. Regionalization: That is, the agricultural and sideline product production of agricultural industrialization must be relatively concentrated and contiguous within a certain region, forming a relatively stable regionalized production base, so as to prevent inconvenient management and unstable production caused by an overly scattered production layout.
3. Specialization: That is, specialization in production, processing, sales and services. Industrialized agricultural operation requires improving labor productivity, land productivity, resource utilization rate and the commodity rate of agricultural products, and so on, and these can only be achieved through specialization. In particular, the production of agricultural and sideline products, which serves as the foundation of industrialized agricultural operation, requires organizing small and scattered farmer households, carrying out regional layout and specialized production, and, on the basis of maintaining the stability of the household contract responsibility system, expanding the external scale of farmer households, so as to resolve the contradiction between the small scale of farmer household operations and the moderate scale required by modern agriculture.
4. Scalization: Large-scale production and operation is a necessary condition for agricultural industrialization. Only when its production bases and processing enterprises reach a considerable scale can they meet the standards of industrialization. Only when agricultural industrialization has a certain scale can it enhance its radiation, driving force and competitiveness, and improve economies of scale.
5. Integration: That is, a coordinated chain of production, processing and marketing, and integrated operation of trade, industry and agriculture, organically linking the pre-production, mid-production and post-production stages of agriculture to form a "dragon"-type industrial chain, so that the participating entities in each stage truly form a community of interests with shared risks, shared benefits, shared rise and fall, and shared destiny. This is the essence of agricultural industrialization.
6. Intensification: The production and operation activities of agricultural industrialization must meet the "three highs" requirements, namely high scientific and technological content, high comprehensive resource utilization rate, and high efficiency.
7. Socialization: That is, socialization of the service system. Industrialized agricultural operation requires the establishment of a socialized service system to provide full-process services in information, technology, capital, materials, operation and management, and so on, for all components of integration at the pre-production, mid-production and post-production stages, and to promote the direct, close and effective combination and operation of various production and operation factors.
8. Enterprization: That is, enterprization of production and operation management. Not only should the leading enterprises of agricultural industry operate in a standardized enterprise-style manner, but their agricultural and sideline product production bases should also, in order to adapt to the requirements of planning, standardization and standardization of the industrial and commercial operations of leading enterprises, develop from traditional agriculture to large-scale facility agriculture and factory agriculture, requiring strengthened enterprise-style operation and management.
The above characteristics show that the connotation of agricultural industrialization is very rich, and from these rich connotations, many other extended functions and meanings can also be derived. For example, its role in adjusting the industrial structure and product structure of township enterprises, and its driving role in the construction of new rural areas, the construction of small towns and rural urbanization, and so on.