Deeply implement the major strategy of cultivating new types of agricultural business entities

To take the path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics, we must, in accordance with the requirements of General Secretary Xi Jinping, take accelerating the cultivation of new types of agricultural business entities as a major strategy, promote agricultural transformation and upgrading, enhance the overall competitiveness of agriculture, and strive to build China's agriculture into a strong industry. Centering on implementing the major strategy of cultivating new types of business entities, efforts should focus on planning and promoting from four aspects.

　　Give full play to the leading role of new types of business entities in modern agricultural development

At present, the development environment of China's agriculture is undergoing profound changes. Internationally, global agricultural integration is deepening, and developed countries and regions in world agriculture generally adjust laws and policies to increase support for agricultural business entities in the market sphere, enhance the competitiveness of market entities, and thereby drive the process of agricultural marketization. Against this background, we must clearly define our position and breakthrough points in the new pattern of world agricultural development, give full play to comparative advantages, enhance overall competitiveness, strive to build China's agriculture into a strong industry, and seek a greater voice in global agricultural competition. Domestically, China's economic development has entered a new normal, with relatively great downward pressure on the economy and slowing growth, the old and new industrial structures and growth drivers are undergoing adjustment and transformation, and the space for external investment growth in agriculture faces a "ceiling." There is an urgent need to make great efforts within agriculture itself, and through government action and policy orientation, cultivate market entities that are more adapted to market competition and more dynamic, promote the transformation of the agricultural development model and the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, and accelerate the formation of an endogenous driving mechanism for agriculture. To achieve the goal of making China's agriculture a strong industry, it is necessary to mobilize various positive factors, and in particular to accurately grasp the strategic positioning of cultivating new types of business entities, take new types of business entities as an important carrier, optimize the allocation of agricultural resource factors, stimulate and release their advantages and potential, and enable all types of new business entities to play a leading role in the production of commodity agricultural products, the application of new varieties and new technologies, and the shaping of brand agriculture, so as to enhance the overall competitiveness of agriculture and lead the development of modern agriculture.

　　Promote the in-depth development of new types of business entities in the direction of marketization, specialization, scale, and intensification

New types of business entities are an important force for promoting the development of modern agriculture and leading China's agriculture to achieve the goal of becoming a strong industry. It is necessary to focus on building the "three major systems" of modern agriculture and advancing the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, and work to promote the in-depth development of new types of business entities in the direction of marketization, specialization, scale, and intensification. First, marketization should focus on agricultural supply-side reform. To promote the transformation of the agricultural development model and structural adjustment, and achieve a high-level balance between supply and demand of agricultural products, new types of business entities need to play a leading role. By innovating supply to activate demand, new types of entities organize standardized and branded production of agricultural products guided by consumption, promote the more efficient flow of high-quality and safe agricultural products to consumers, find effective ways to solve "how to adjust the structure" and "how to grow the land," and become an important force in promoting the structural reform of the agricultural supply side. Second, specialization should focus on giving play to comparative advantages. Different new types of entities have different functional positioning, give play to their respective comparative advantages in agricultural production and operation, concentrate on the industry, field, product, and production link in which they are most skilled and most suited, engage in specialized production and operation activities, develop and produce branded agricultural products that others do not have, that are superior to others' if others have them, and that are distinctive if others' are superior, and enhance the market competitiveness of agricultural products. At the same time, through various forms of interest linkage and factor combination, strengthen collaboration and coordination among entities, and achieve complementary advantages and balanced development. Third, scale should focus on improving labor production efficiency. On the one hand, new types of business entities form internal economies of scale in agriculture through the expansion of operation scale; on the other hand, through socialized services they link dispersed land-operating entities together, crossing the boundaries of plots and households, promoting the concentrated input of modern production factors such as capital, science and technology, management, and equipment, promoting the spillover effects of scale operation, and at the same time better solving the problems of "who will farm the land" and "how to farm the land well." Fourth, intensification should focus on sustainable development. Through scientific, precise, reduced, and efficient use of various resource factors, new types of business entities reduce agricultural resource consumption, transform the agricultural production model, achieve reduction, reuse, and resource utilization of agricultural production materials, and improve the total factor production efficiency and sustainable development capacity of agriculture.

　　Cultivating new types of business entities should be adapted to local conditions and advanced by category

In cultivating new types of business entities, we must not neglect the important role of hundreds of millions of ordinary farmers in providing basic agricultural products and ensuring total supply. On this basis, we must uphold new development concepts, follow the requirements of building the "three major systems" of modern agriculture and advancing the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, adhere to diversified, open, integrated, shared, and standardized development, adapt to local conditions, highlight key points, and advance by category the development and growth of new types of business entities. First, family farms should develop in a standardized way. Members of family farms have highly consistent interests, low labor supervision costs, and occupy a dominant position in the production links of planting and breeding, and are a new force in the production of important agricultural products such as grain. It is necessary to support family farms in engaging in the production of bulk agricultural products and ensuring the supply of commodity agricultural products, and give play to their important role in demonstrating and driving small-scale farmers and improving labor productivity and resource allocation efficiency, so that they become the most important form of operation leading moderate-scale operation and developing modern agriculture. Second, farmer cooperatives should develop innovatively. Cooperatives organize dispersed farmers together, which is conducive to reducing production and transaction costs and promoting the facilitation of agricultural product circulation; conducive to extending the industrial chain and promoting the integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries; and conducive to farmers sharing the spillover effects of agricultural production and operation activities and promoting increased farmer income. It is necessary to encourage the development of diversified and multi-type new cooperatives, standardize the carrying out of land share cooperation, internal credit cooperation, processing and circulation business, and the development of united cooperatives, continuously broaden the areas of cooperation, innovate cooperation methods, and make them the basic form for leading farmers to connect with the large market, improving the degree of agricultural organization, and overcoming the limitations of small-scale farmers. Third, leading enterprises and various types of agricultural enterprises should transform and upgrade. Agricultural enterprises have advanced technology and equipment, relatively strong financing and risk-resistance capabilities, and obvious advantages in the production of high-end agricultural products, shaping brand agriculture, enhancing agricultural added value, and leading the development of modern agriculture. It is necessary to encourage and support the transformation and upgrading of leading enterprises, promote the development of enterprise clusters, enhance their radiating and driving capacity, and guide them to effectively connect with other business entities through various forms such as order purchasing, secondary rebates, and share cooperation, forming close linkage relationships of "sharing risks, sharing benefits, and win-win cooperation." At the same time, it is necessary to establish and improve the supervision and risk prevention mechanism for industrial and commercial capital leasing agricultural land, strengthen supervision of the use of agricultural land for operational purposes, and prevent problems such as some industrial and commercial capital entering rural areas to participate in land transfer and then engaging in "non-agricultural" construction, affecting farmland protection and grain production. Fourth, socialized service organizations should play a greater role. Various service organizations can provide services and support for agricultural production and operation entities, and have played an important role in reducing production costs, serving and upgrading small farmers, and leading the development of service-scale operation. In accordance with the principles of diverse entities, diverse forms, and full competition, it is necessary to vigorously cultivate various types of operational service organizations, actively promote new service methods such as land trusteeship, contracted farming and planting on behalf of others, joint farming and joint planting, and joint management and joint operation, and through specialized and large-scale services promote the development of moderate-scale operation and the construction of modern agriculture. At the same time, it is necessary to adopt methods such as government purchase of services to explore and innovate the supply mechanism and realization methods of agricultural socialized services.

　　Accelerate the construction of a policy system for cultivating new types of business entities

To implement the major strategy of cultivating new types of business entities, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of a policy system for cultivating new types of business entities. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee, the Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan, and the No. 1 Central Document all have clear requirements on this. In accordance with the requirements of the central authorities, we should aim to basically establish a complete policy system during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, and focus on planning and promoting the introduction of special policy documents from four aspects. First, strengthen policy focus. Focus on entities, clearly making new types of business entities and service entities dedicated to the production and service of commodity agricultural products the target group for policy support, and not letting grain-growing farmers suffer economically; focus on industries, mainly targeting the related industries and fields involved in agricultural structural adjustment and supply-side reform, and guide new types of business entities through policies to increase input and develop production; focus on regions, with policy priority tilted toward major grain-producing areas, advantageous agricultural product-producing areas, and poverty-stricken areas, and not letting major grain-producing counties suffer fiscally. Second, strengthen policy implementation. The central and local governments have already introduced many policies, and the key is to implement them well. It is necessary to promote relevant departments through performance assessment to study and formulate specific measures and methods for implementing policies, summarize and distill the successful experience of local and departmental policy innovation, and elevate them in due course to higher-level policy measures. Third, strengthen policy creation. Promote investment policy so that in major producing areas the government fully bears the cost of agricultural infrastructure construction; subsidy policy should focus on new types of business entities and grain-growing farmers; financial policy should, while strengthening product innovation and service innovation, increase institutional innovation oriented toward agriculture, create banks facing farmers, and encourage the development of rural cooperative finance; insurance policy should, in line with the goal of "expanding coverage, raising standards, and increasing varieties," expand the coverage of policy-based agricultural insurance, raise premium subsidy standards, increase agricultural insurance varieties, and in particular support insurance companies in creating agricultural insurance products exclusive to new types of business entities. Fourth, strengthen policy linkage. Give play to the leveraging role of fiscal funds on financial capital and social capital, promote the linkage and coordination of industrial policy, fiscal policy, and financial policy, form a complete policy system for cultivating new types of business entities, support the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, and serve the development of competitive industries. At the same time, actively innovate the organizational mechanism of business entities, encourage the development of new types of entity alliances such as family farm owner associations, farmer cooperative united cooperatives or federations, and leading enterprise associations, form organic unions, establish stable interest linkage relationships, jointly respond to market risks, improve bargaining position, and promote the integrated development of new types of entities. It is necessary to promptly compile and improve the development plan for the modern agricultural operation system during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, study and formulate policy documents for cultivating new types of business entities, and provide strong policy guarantees for advancing the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, developing modern agriculture, and promoting sustained increases in farmer income.