How can the development of ecological agriculture help advance agricultural supply-side reform?

Effectively developing ecological agriculture, achieving the integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and advancing the structural reform of the agricultural supply side are among the major issues that urgently need to be resolved during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period.

First, at the strategic level, give genuine attention to the development of ecological agriculture. Strengthen scientific top-level design, formulate a roadmap for the development of ecological agriculture, identify the key areas, key industries and key regions for the development of ecological agriculture, and accompany these with practical and feasible production standards, effective mechanisms and policy design. At the same time, it is recommended that the "Regulations on the Development of Ecological Agriculture" be formulated and implemented as soon as possible, so as to bring the development of ecological agriculture onto a legal track. In addition, in response to certain contradictions and problems that have arisen in farmland transfer after the confirmation and certification of rural farmland rights, it is recommended that the national level issue "Measures or Regulations for the Implementation of Land Transfer" in order to regulate farmers' behavior in developing ecological agriculture.

Second, scientifically plan the spatial layout of ecological agriculture development. First, based on the ecological resource conditions of different regions, as well as the "seven zones and twenty-three belts" of major agricultural product production areas designated in the "National Main Functional Area Planning", and in combination with the multifunctionality of agriculture in production, ecology, livelihood and culture, formulate an ecological agriculture development plan at the national level. Second, clarify the core issues, key objectives, and suitable development models and scales of agricultural industries for ecological agriculture development in different regions, so as to promote the formulation of regional ecological agriculture development plans by different regions within the overall national framework for ecological agriculture development.

Third, improve the technical support system for ecological agriculture development. Proceeding from the actual conditions of ecological agriculture development in different types of regions, carry out ecological integration of the essence of traditional agricultural techniques and modern agricultural production techniques, thereby achieving the transformation from single technologies to integrated technologies, and further giving play to the comprehensive advantages of integrated technologies, so as to meet the technological needs of ecological agriculture development.

Fourth, raise the level of modern ecological agriculture base construction. First, transform operating entities and establish demonstration bases. Different regions should, based on their own ecological resources, socioeconomic conditions and agricultural development traditions, select the optimal operating entities, carry out new technology trials and demonstrations and the transformation of achievements according to local conditions, and build a number of modern ecological agriculture technology trial and demonstration bases. Second, standardize the farmland transfer mechanism. In response to the actual situation that has emerged after the confirmation and certification of rural farmland rights, effective measures for standardizing farmland transfer should be issued, so as to meet the land scale required for modern ecological agriculture base construction and raise the level of ecological agriculture base construction.

Fifth, strengthen the protection of ecological resources and ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products. Water and soil resources and their environment are the foundation of agricultural production; therefore, effective measures should be taken to strengthen the protection of ecological resources: first, from both the quantitative and qualitative aspects, intensify the protection of water and soil resources and pollution control; second, reduce the intensity of application of chemical inputs such as chemical fertilizers, insecticides and herbicides, and reduce pollution of water and soil resources; third, establish a recovery mechanism for pesticide packaging and plastic film, and reduce their secondary pollution of water and soil resources; fourth, establish an industrial system for the coordinated development of crop cultivation and livestock breeding, and increase the resource utilization rate of waste from large-scale livestock breeding, so as to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.

Sixth, standardize relevant behavior and improve the quality of agricultural products. First, standardize the production behavior of agricultural production materials. Second, standardize the production behavior of agricultural production entities. Third, standardize the behavior of agricultural product quality certification bodies. Strictly review whether the products certified by certification bodies comply with regulatory requirements in terms of certification procedures, certification time, certification fees and other aspects; where problems are found, strict accountability should be enforced, and their certification qualifications may even be revoked, so as to ensure the market credibility of certified agricultural products.

Seventh, innovate models and methods to promote the industrialization of ecological agriculture. First, strengthen the service system for ecological agriculture development. Government, finance, insurance and other departments need to improve and optimize the service system, and provide policy support and funding guarantees for the development of modern ecological agriculture; at the same time, various ecological agriculture service systems should be established, the ranks of ecological agriculture service technicians should be stabilized, and the level of socialized services for ecological agriculture should be raised. Second, establish and improve the agricultural product traceability system as soon as possible. Use "Internet Plus" technology to establish a traceability system connecting the complete channels of agricultural product production, sales and consumption, so as to ensure the safety of agricultural product quality. Third, invigorate the market circulation of ecological agricultural products. Use modern information technology to integrate various agricultural information network resources, establish an information platform conducive to ecological agriculture development, and innovate sales models for ecological agricultural products.

Eighth, establish effective mechanisms to promote ecological agriculture development. In response to the dual constraints of resources and environment faced by ecological agriculture development, corresponding effective mechanisms should be established as soon as possible: first, establish an ecological indicator constraint mechanism, strengthen awareness of the "ecological red line", so as to strengthen the guarantee provided by regional ecological resources for achieving the quality and safety of agricultural products. Second, establish an agricultural ecological compensation mechanism, and clarify compensation behavior, compensation subjects and compensation recipients. Third, establish a supervision and evaluation mechanism. With agricultural resource and environmental management departments at all levels as the main body, objectively evaluate the operational efficiency and ecological benefits of ecological agriculture in different regions, so as to serve as an important indicator in the performance assessment of regional governments, and thereby highlight the primary responsibility of local governments in developing ecological agriculture.