Modern ecological agriculture development boosts targeted poverty alleviation through science and technology
China is a mountainous country, with mountainous areas accounting for 69% of the total land area and the mountain population accounting for 56% of the national total population. The efficient and healthy development of the agricultural industry in mountainous rural areas is crucial to building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. However, remote rural areas, including many old revolutionary base areas that once made tremendous contributions to the victory of the Chinese revolution, are still in a state of poverty due to the influence of many natural conditions. Doing a good job in targeted poverty alleviation is not only of great practical significance, but also directly related to the overall situation of sustainable development in remote mountainous rural areas. Practice has proven that relying on scientific and technological progress, especially the integrated promotion of advanced agricultural technologies and efficient facilities and equipment, is an important lever and measure for promoting targeted poverty alleviation in mountainous villages.
Taking Fujian Province as an example, the current focus of targeted poverty alleviation is still concentrated in the remote rural areas of 23 mountainous counties, which are key areas and important groups of concern. According to a preliminary survey, farmers in remote mountainous rural areas are weak in generating income, confused in seeking ways to increase income, toiling hard with traditional labor, and at a loss when looking at the mountains for development. In addition, inconvenient transportation in the past, a lack of scientific and technological literacy, insufficient information flow, and difficulty in turning products into commodities directly affect agricultural efficiency and farmers' income. On the other hand, although mountainous rural areas are located in remote areas, their ecological conditions are relatively superior and their natural resources are relatively abundant, which are worth fully tapping for development potential.
In the new historical period, how to vigorously promote regional green development, both promoting rapid rural economic and social development and safeguarding a good ecological environment, is an important mission facing scientific and technological personnel. As far as remote rural areas are concerned, to effectively advance targeted poverty alleviation, development methods, technical approaches, and working methods must be chosen according to local conditions. Choosing to develop modern ecological agriculture is an important direction and measure, as it can not only achieve relatively high economic benefits and help mountainous farmers increase income, but also achieve the goals of saving resources, being environmentally friendly, and preventing and controlling pollution.
To develop modern ecological agriculture in mountainous areas, five main links must be grasped: first, scientific planning and formulation of plans; second, adapting to local conditions and selecting models; third, innovating technology and promoting it in an integrated way; fourth, project-driven development and creation of farms; fifth, policy guidance and establishment of mechanisms. Strive to stand at a new starting point, combine with reality, and promote the transformation and upgrading of mountainous agriculture; strive to seize new opportunities, plan development, and promote the construction of beautiful mountainous villages; strive to promote new models, realize the "four modernizations" (mechanization, standardization, informatization, and high optimization), and promote the effective utilization of mountainous resources; strive to apply new technologies, improve the "four rates" (land output rate, labor productivity, resource utilization rate, and pollution prevention and control rate), and promote the protection of the mountainous ecological environment.
For ecological agriculture in mountainous areas to achieve targeted poverty alleviation, more specific measures should be taken from the following aspects: first, establish relevant project teams (or survey teams), organize special surveys, focus on remote poor villages in old revolutionary base areas and Soviet areas, submit survey reports, analyze common problems, make full use of advantages, and formulate special development plans (programs) for modern ecological agriculture in mountainous areas by category; second, relevant science and technology associations should organize science and technology associations or professional associations (societies) of research institutes and agricultural universities, organize relevant experts, and select new varieties, new technologies, and new models in light of reality; at the same time, according to different specialties, relevant institutes, universities, or professional societies should link up with one township or several villages, incorporate them into the project management of the provincial science and technology association or relevant units, and provide certain funding support, striving to carry out in a concentrated way the integrated promotion of targeted poverty alleviation through science and technology and modern ecological agriculture, and promote the ecological economy and green agriculture development of mountainous rural areas through invigorating agriculture with science and technology; third, relevant government departments should intensify targeted poverty alleviation through science and technology, guide scientific and technological personnel to form teams for collaborative innovation and joint tackling of key problems, and implement the integration of agriculture, science, and education; introduce leading agricultural enterprises in a planned way, implement household-enterprise-village integration, and establish a new mechanism of project-driven development, shareholding cooperation, effective development, and assistance in increasing income. In addition, implement the integrated promotion plan for modern ecological agriculture models and supporting technologies in remote mountainous areas, with particular attention to helping rural green family farms, and in accordance with the requirements of building a resource-recycling industrial chain and effective operation, generate projects for invigorating agriculture with science and technology and organize the promotion and application of technology. At the same time, implement a post-subsidy mechanism for project funds, give full play to the important role of science and technology association organizations at all levels in invigorating agriculture with science and technology and targeted poverty alleviation, and continuously advance the facility construction of modern ecological agriculture and the sustained increase of farmers' income in mountainous areas.
Advancing targeted poverty alleviation through science and technology by developing modern ecological agriculture is a systematic project that requires coordinated implementation by multiple parties, multiple departments, and multiple specialties. It is necessary not only to solve prominent restrictive contradictions and technical difficulties, but also to deeply explore development laws and operational mechanisms. Scientific and technological personnel must be able to settle down, stay, do the work, and do it well. This requires care and support from all units, giving full play to the role of intellectual poverty alleviation and technological poverty alleviation, and young scientific and technological personnel who have made contributions should be affirmed and rewarded.
Organizing large-scale production and operation of modern ecological agriculture in remote mountainous rural areas is not only conducive to the construction of rural green family farms, but also conducive to the transformation and upgrading of traditional ecological agriculture; not only conducive to optimizing and giving play to the diverse functions of agriculture, but also conducive to promoting the construction of beautiful mountainous villages; not only conducive to forming new professional cooperative teams, but also conducive to farmers' sustained development and income increase. We must, with the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship and the drive for sustained promotion, advance the development of modern ecological agriculture in mountainous rural areas, create a new pattern of "flexible mechanisms, excellent industries, prosperous people, and beautiful ecology," and enable more poor people in mountainous areas to escape poverty accurately through science and technology.