What is the inevitable path for improving agricultural quality and efficiency?
At present, China is in the process of transitioning from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, and information technology has become an important for using modern high-tech to transform traditional agriculture. The development of agricultural informatization has roughly gone through four stages: computer agriculture, digital agriculture, precision agriculture and smart agriculture. Smart agriculture is an advanced stage of agricultural production, integrating emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data and cloud computing. The Internet of Things is an extension and expansion based on the Internet. Through comprehensive perception, interconnection of all things and intelligent applications, it realizes the connection between things and things, things and people, and all items and the network, thereby enabling identification, management and control. In China, the application of the agricultural Internet of Things in agricultural development has shown certain results, promoting the rapid development of agriculture in many aspects such as greenhouse vegetables, field planting, flower planting and aquaculture. Related technologies, systems and products of the agricultural Internet of Things have already been initially applied in the field of agricultural and rural informatization in China, such as common sensor technology, intelligent management systems, remote sensing systems, remote monitoring systems, and biological information and diagnostic systems. These technologies help supervise the entire production and circulation process of agricultural products, and transmit relevant information from each link to the database of the agricultural product circulation center with the help of the Internet of Things, improving the level of agricultural product safety and quality management and the effectiveness of logistics.
The research and application of agricultural Internet of Things technology is the need of modern smart agriculture development, and is also an important symbol for measuring a country's comprehensive scientific and technological strength and level of agricultural development. At present, while China's agriculture has made tremendous achievements, it also faces severe challenges such as population growth, reduction of arable land, reduction of rural labor, increase of natural disasters and worsening environmental pollution. Therefore, future agricultural production requires precise monitoring and scientific management, realization of rational allocation of resources, achieving maximum returns with minimum input, efficient use of various agricultural resources, and obtaining maximum economic and environmental benefits. In the future, the agricultural Internet of Things should face the development needs of modern agriculture featuring intensification, high yield, high efficiency, ecology and safety, and comprehensively apply wireless sensor technology, mobile communication technology, automation technology, crop safe production and efficient cultivation technology, integrated pest and disease control technology, and efficient utilization technology of soil and fertilizer resources, so as to achieve the goals of precise monitoring of environmental information, precise management of the production process, intelligent implementation of fertilizer-water-pesticide, intelligent diagnosis and monitoring and early warning of pests and diseases, and supervision and traceability of agricultural product quality and safety under the support of interdisciplinary and multi-field high-tech comprehensive application. With the large-scale application of sensor terminal equipment in agricultural production environments, agricultural production environment variables are converted into digital signals for transmission, storage, analysis and processing. Under the big data environment where data volume gradually increases and data structure becomes increasingly complex, Internet of Things innovations such as comprehensive perception, reliable transmission and intelligent processing have innovated the application model of the agricultural Internet of Things, greatly improved the utilization efficiency of various agricultural resources, minimized agricultural energy consumption and costs, and minimized damage to the agricultural ecological environment, improved the degree of intelligence and ubiquity of the entire agricultural chain, the entire industry and the entire process, and realized real-time monitoring, automatic control and digital management of the agricultural production environment. The agricultural production management system has achieved overall optimization, which is also the inevitable trend of the future development of the agricultural Internet of Things.
Achieving a high degree of intelligence in the agricultural Internet of Things through effective integration with informatization is an inevitable trend in China's agricultural development, and the promotion and application of the agricultural Internet of Things is an important way to achieve this goal. Driven by the government and relevant scientific research institutions, China's agricultural Internet of Things technology has made certain progress, and its application has also achieved good results, but its technology is still far from mature, and there is still a lot of room for development in application. This is specifically shown in the following: the application objects of China's agriculture have diversified characteristics, and the collected information is also very complex. Although China has already played a certain leading role in the formulation of international Internet of Things standards, there is still no unified and effective standards system in China. The corresponding business models of the agricultural Internet of Things are still immature, the problem of duplicate investment is prominent, and there are few sustainable development business models. In future development, we should actively explore the application models and sustainable business models of agricultural Internet of Things technology for different types of agricultural products and different types of agricultural production and operation entities. China is still relatively weak in the refinement and automation of agricultural production, and the penetration rate of existing agricultural monitoring and automatic control technology is relatively low, which restricts the development of agricultural Internet of Things applications. Hardware equipment and technical levels still need to be improved. In the future, we must strengthen attention to and research on the agricultural Internet of Things, continuously improve the construction of its standards system and operating mechanism, and promote the standardization, scale and industrialization of agricultural Internet of Things applications.