How can the advantages of agricultural and rural development be solidified?
Closely linking "production, processing and sales," and "connecting the second and third industries" to enrich farming households
A fresh loofah can only sell for three or four yuan, but the loofah sponge can sell for ten yuan. This jump in price is due to the development and strong sales of health-care insoles made from loofah sponge as a raw material. In fact, whether it is grain, oil, meat, vegetables, eggs or milk, or other cash crops, deep processing can generate higher added value. To this end, the No. 1 document proposes to promote the transformation and upgrading of the agricultural product processing industry, support major grain-producing areas in developing deep grain processing, build integrated agricultural product processing technology bases, and cultivate a number of leading enterprises in intensive and deep processing of agricultural products as well as well-known brands at home and abroad.
Agriculture not only has an economic function, but also ecological, social and cultural functions. For a long time, we have attached relatively great importance to the economic function of agriculture while neglecting its other functions. The improvement of people's consumption level and the emergence of diversified, personalized and ecological consumption trends have provided enormous space for developing agriculture's multiple functions and promoting the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas. To solidify the advantages of agricultural development, it is necessary to continuously upgrade traditional industries, vigorously develop new industries and new business forms, and realize the integration of the agricultural industry chain and the upgrading of the value chain.
The fundamental purpose of promoting the "connection of the second and third industries" is to increase farmers' incomes. Therefore, the document emphasizes that it is necessary to improve the mechanism linking the agricultural industry chain with farmers' interests, allow farmers to share in the value-added benefits of integrated industrial development, and cultivate new models for increasing farmers' incomes. It is necessary to enable new agricultural production and operation entities to lead the development of modern agriculture and the integration of rural industries, and to become the "bellwethers" that drive increases in farmers' incomes. Support leading enterprises in forming tightly bound communities of shared interests with farming households by building stable raw material production bases and providing loan guarantees for farming households. Guide farming households to voluntarily invest their land management rights as shares in leading enterprises and farmers' cooperatives, and adopt methods such as "guaranteed base income + dividends according to shares" so that farming households can become "shareholders" able to enjoy returns from the processing and sales stages.
The document also specifically proposes that the use of fiscal funds to support agriculture should be linked to the establishment of a mechanism for farmers to share in the interests of the industry chain, so that farmers can share in the benefits generated by fiscal funds supporting agriculture. At the same time, through methods such as government cooperation with social capital, interest subsidies and the establishment of funds, social capital should be driven to invest in new rural industries and new business forms.
Agricultural products go to the city, consumer goods go to the countryside
This year's No. 1 document proposes to strengthen the construction of agricultural product circulation facilities and markets. Improve a modern agricultural product market system that is unified, open, rationally laid out and orderly in competition, and promote increases in farmers' incomes while invigorating circulation. The document specifically mentions promoting the accelerated development of rural e-commerce and forming a two-way circulation pattern of online and offline integration, with agricultural products going to the city and agricultural inputs and consumer goods going to the countryside.
Opening a "Taobao shop" for agricultural and sideline products has become a fashion pursued by rural young people, attracting many university graduates and migrant workers to return to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship. In recent years, rural e-commerce has played an important role in connecting mountain areas with the outside world, linking agricultural products with large markets, and promoting poverty alleviation and income increases for farmers. "Internet Plus" can drive the flow of information, technology, materials, capital and talent to rural areas, spawn new products, new business forms and new models, help form an upsurge of mass entrepreneurship and innovation in rural areas, and fully unleash farmers' new potential for entrepreneurship.
In addition to individual "Taobao shops," the document also encourages large e-commerce platform enterprises to carry out rural e-commerce services and supports local areas and industries in improving rural e-commerce service systems. At the same time, it is necessary to establish and improve standards systems for agricultural product quality grading, post-harvest handling, packaging and distribution that are suited to the development of rural e-commerce.
Of course, the development of rural e-commerce depends on the improvement of a series of supporting measures. For example, accelerate the realization of full broadband coverage in administrative villages, innovate the compensation mechanism for universal telecommunications services, and promote faster and more affordable rural internet; implement the "express delivery to the countryside" project, carry out comprehensive demonstrations of e-commerce entering rural areas, and improve the county, township and village logistics systems.
Green mountains and clear waters evoke nostalgia, pastoral scenery attracts visitors
Green mountains and clear waters are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver. Along with the deepening of industrialization and urbanization and profound changes in the economic and social structure, more and more urban residents have begun to yearn for the rustic atmosphere and pastoral scenery of the countryside. Relevant statistics show that in 2015 leisure agriculture attracted 1.1 billion visitor trips, benefiting 33 million farmers; there were 1.8 million various leisure agriculture entities, with estimated revenue of 350 billion yuan, an increase of more than 10% over the previous year.
Therefore, the No. 1 document proposes to rely on resources such as rural green mountains and clear waters, pastoral scenery and local culture to vigorously develop leisure vacations, tourism and sightseeing, health and elderly care, creative agriculture, farming experiences, rural handicrafts and so on, making them new pillar industries that prosper rural areas and enrich farmers.
The development of leisure agriculture and rural tourism cannot be pursued in a rush. In some places, there is no scientific development plan, every village runs agritainment, every household opens a small inn, random construction goes unmanaged, and environmental sanitation is not guaranteed. This extensive form of development damages the rural landscape and is also not conducive to the sustainable development of leisure agriculture and rural tourism. Farming civilization is a precious spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation. The distinctive architecture, regional folk customs and local culture that have been passed down to this day should be well protected, inherited, developed and utilized. The No. 1 document emphasizes that it is necessary to strengthen the protection of the rural ecological environment and cultural relics, develop distinctive small towns with historical memory, regional characteristics and ethnic customs, and build charming villages with one village, one product, one village, one scene, and one village, one charm, as well as forest scenic areas suitable for tourism and wellness.
For rural tourism, support in land use policy is very important. The No. 1 document proposes to support areas with the right conditions in revitalizing idle rural houses, collective construction land, the "four types of wasteland," usable forest farms and water surfaces and other asset resources, and in incorporating land use into overall land use plans and annual plans for rational arrangement, so as to support the development of leisure agriculture and rural tourism.