Which varieties performed outstandingly in the summer harvest and summer planting?
It is the busy "three summers" season again. Which varieties were widely welcomed in the market this year?
Summer harvest
Linfeng 3 carries half the sky of dryland wheat
This year, the villagers of Kouzili Village, Duandian Township, Yaodu District, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, had a bumper harvest of dryland wheat, with the highest yield per mu reaching 300 kg. These plots are the 1,000-mu demonstration field of the Linfen Agricultural Technology Extension Station, mainly used to promote a dryland wheat variety called Linfeng 3.
Linfeng 3 was developed by the Dryland Wheat Breeding Research Laboratory of the Wheat Research Institute of the Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences through hybridization using Jinmai 47 as the female parent and Linfeng 546 as the male parent, followed by 10 years of systematic selection and breeding. The variety passed the approval of the Shanxi Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in August 2004 and was named "Linfeng 3" (Linhan 536). The variety is suitable for planting in the wheat areas of southern Shanxi, the Jincheng Basin, and drylands of the Huang-Huai wheat region.
Shanxi Province suffers drought in nine out of ten years, and nearly 50% of wheat is planted on dryland. That a good dryland harvest means a good summer grain harvest has already become a consensus among wheat people in Shanxi.
In recent years, although the varieties promoted and planted for dryland wheat production have high yields, their grain protein content and processing quality find it difficult to meet the needs of people's lives and the food processing industry. Therefore, while breeding stress-resistant and high-yield varieties, attention must also be paid to simultaneous selection for high-quality traits.
As a result, drought resistance, high yield, and stable yield became the direction for breeding new dryland wheat varieties in Shanxi. It was precisely against this background that Linfeng 3 stood out. At present, it is the variety with the largest dryland planting area in Shanxi Province, and in its peak year it once accounted for more than 60% of the province's dryland wheat area.
Linfeng 3 is a medium-early maturing wheat, resistant to cold and freezing, with strong tillering ability and a high spike-setting rate. The plant height is 75-80 cm, the spike is rectangular, the spike layer is neat, and the number of grains per spike is 35-40. It has long awns, white glumes, white grains, and vitreous texture, with a 1,000-grain weight of 40-45 g. It has characteristics such as resistance to dry hot wind, drought tolerance, and good yellowing at maturity. Tested by the Quality Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Beijing), its quality reaches the national high-quality strong gluten standard (GB/T17892-99), with crude protein 15.26%, wet gluten 32.7%, dry gluten 10.9%, sedimentation value 52.2 ml, and water absorption 64.4%. The variety is clearly superior to the currently widely planted dryland variety Jinmai 47.
According to identification by the Institute of Plant Protection of the Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linfeng 3 shows moderate susceptibility to stripe rust races 29 and 30, mixed stripe rust inoculum, mixed leaf rust inoculum, and powdery mildew, with low severity. According to field identification by the Institute of Plant Protection of the Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linfeng 3 is lightly susceptible to stripe rust, lightly susceptible to leaf rust, moderately resistant to powdery mildew, lowly resistant to root rot, and immune to wheat midge.
Its yield performance is also good. From 2002 to 2004, it participated in the regional trials for dryland areas in southern Shanxi. The 2-year average yield per mu was 307.4 kg, an increase of 11.6% over the control Jinmai 47 (275.4 kg); from 2003 to 2004, it participated in the production trial for dryland areas in southern Shanxi, with an average yield per mu reaching 308.8 kg, an increase of 13.5% over the control Jinmai 47 (272.0 kg). In both the regional trial and the production trial, it ranked first among dryland varieties; in high-yield demonstrations in Houma, Quwo, Yuncheng, and other places in southern Shanxi, the average yield per mu could reach 358.6-468.3 kg.
Because this variety combines drought resistance, high quality, and high yield, it is deeply recognized by wheat farmers in production demonstrations and has also been affirmed by agricultural technology departments. For many consecutive years, it has been designated as a main promoted variety for the national and Shanxi provincial wheat improved seed subsidy, obtained plant variety protection rights in 2009, and won the second prize of the Shanxi Provincial Science and Technology Progress Award in 2010. Over the past several years, Linfeng 3 has been promoted cumulatively over more than 20 million mu in Shanxi Province and surrounding provinces.
Xunyou 8 and Xunyou 9 greatly increase the coverage rate of double-low rapeseed
Recently, a reporter interviewed the situation of this year's rapeseed summer harvest in Jiangxi. According to Jiang Xinhua, deputy director of the Jiangxi Provincial Grain and Oil Bureau, the province's rapeseed has been fully harvested. Affected by rainy and low-temperature conditions, this year's rapeseed yield declined somewhat, but some high-quality varieties performed stably, such as Xunyou 8 and Xunyou 9. These two varieties are the main varieties of Jiujiang rapeseed. Jiujiang is a major rapeseed production area, with output accounting for about one quarter of the province.
Cao Guojun, an agronomist at the Jiujiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangxi, told reporters that Xunyou 8 is a new "double-low" (low glucosinolate, low erucic acid) Brassica napus variety developed by the Jiujiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Guizhou Rapeseed Research Institute using the recessive genic male sterile line 501 crossed with restorer line 168. It was approved by the Jiangxi Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2007. This variety has good high yield, stable yield, adaptability, and stress resistance; Xunyou 9 is a high-oil "double-low" Brassica napus variety developed by the Jiujiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences by crossing the male sterile line K-6A with restorer line N22. It was approved by the Jiangxi Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2011. This variety has a relatively compact plant type, evenly distributed branches, low branching position, a relatively thick pod layer, commodity seeds of mixed yellow color, a yellow seed rate of more than 90%, good resistance, and high yield and oil content.
Relying on the Jiujiang Comprehensive Experimental Station of the National Rapeseed Industry Technology System, the Comprehensive Experimental and Extension Station for the Ganbei Section of the Jiangxi Rapeseed Industry Technology System, and the Jiangxi Jiujiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Workstation, the Jiujiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences has actively connected with the Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, and the Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, actively participated in the collaborative innovation project of the Jiangxi Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Alliance, and assembled and integrated new high-quality and high-yield varieties, new light, simplified, and efficient technologies, and new green prevention and control measures, forming multiple planting models such as rapeseed plus cotton or corn, soybean on dryland, and rapeseed plus early rice plus late rice, and rapeseed plus single-season rice in paddy fields. Large-scale demonstration and promotion were carried out in northeastern Jiangxi and surrounding areas of neighboring provinces, and were deeply recognized by agricultural departments and farmers. The promoted planting area of the two varieties has expanded year by year, and they have now become main promoted varieties in northeastern Jiangxi and the Hubei and Anhui regions.
In the past 5 years, the two varieties have been promoted cumulatively over more than 7 million mu, with an average yield increase of 14.8 kg per mu and an increase rate of 10.4%, cumulatively increasing production by 100 million kg and generating direct economic benefits of more than 400 million yuan; on average, each mu saved more than 50 yuan in labor and costs, with cumulative labor and cost savings of 350 million yuan; the cumulative planting area promoted for the "dual use of oil and vegetable" reached more than 30,000 mu. Without reducing rapeseed yield, each mu increased income by 150 kg of rapeseed sprouts, with cumulative income increasing by 4.5 million yuan.