The Complete Guide to Autumn Seedling and Tree Care: Scientific Management Methods Explained in One Article

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Water and Fertilizer Management

After the beginning of autumn, trees enter a peak growth period and have a relatively large demand for water and fertilizer, so reasonable fertilization should be carried out. When fertilizing, note the following:

First, the amount must be appropriate. When fertilizing trees in autumn, follow the principle of applying less. The amount of fertilizer must not be too large, as too much fertilizer can easily cause excessive vegetative growth in trees, or even death from fertilizer burn;

Second, the fertilizer applied must target the right needs. In autumn, fertilizer should mainly be phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, with nitrogen fertilizer applied cautiously, because applying nitrogen fertilizer at this time will cause trees to grow excessively, reduce their degree of lignification, and make them prone to frost damage or wind damage in winter. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, however, can promptly supply the nutrients needed for tree growth, help increase the degree of lignification of the trees, and help them overwinter safely;

In addition, in late autumn, a single application of farmyard manure can be made together with watering the freeze-proof water. This fertilization can be somewhat larger in amount, and when applying it, it can be applied shallowly, or directly scattered on the soil surface, which helps the trees overwinter safely.

Because autumn is a peak period for root growth, for trees newly planted in spring, some phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied together with base fertilizer to increase accumulation in the tree body and raise the cell sap concentration, thereby enhancing the trees' overwintering ability and laying a good foundation for growth and development the following year. In addition, increasing the application of organic fertilizer can improve soil porosity, make the soil loose, help the soil retain snow and moisture, prevent soil drought in winter and spring, raise soil temperature, and reduce frost damage in the root zone.

The autumn climate is dry, and trees also have a relatively large demand for water. Especially for trees planted that same year, water deficiency must not occur. In early autumn, temperatures are still high, and trees transpire heavily, so appropriate watering should be done to prevent autumn drought. After each watering, soil should also be loosened in time to preserve moisture. After late September, watering should be strictly controlled to prevent autumn growth, and it is best if the trees do not wilt. If the weather is too dry, a small amount of watering can also be done to keep the trees in normal vital condition.

Pruning Management

Many trees, especially some flowering shrubs, differentiate flower buds precisely in early autumn. If they can be pruned reasonably at this time, it will not only benefit flower bud differentiation in the trees, but also increase the degree of lignification of new shoots, helping the trees overwinter safely. In early autumn, for flowering shrubs that differentiate flower buds at this time, such as flowering almond (Prunus triloba) and ornamental peach (Prunus persica), measures such as twisting shoot tips can be taken to control the vegetative growth of their branches and save nutrients for flower bud differentiation. The new shoots of other trees can be appropriately pinched. Branches that have been pinched are thicker and stronger, have a higher degree of lignification, and have stronger cold resistance.

Before mid-autumn, pruning hedge plants such as big-leaf boxwood (Euonymus japonicus), golden-leaf privet (Ligustrum sinense 'Variegatum'), and purple-leaf barberry (Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea) is not only good for ornamental appearance, but also controls vegetative growth. Their wounds can also heal before winter begins, which is very beneficial to both the ornamental value and growth of the hedge. In addition, in autumn, some overly dense branches, parallel branches, thin and weak branches, and pest- and disease-damaged branches of trees can also be pruned, which helps ventilation and light penetration through the canopy and plays a positive role in preventing and controlling pests and diseases. For flowering shrubs that bloom in autumn, such as crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica), rose (Rosa chinensis), and rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus), the faded flowers should also be cut off promptly after each bloom to prevent them from setting seed, so as to avoid consuming too many nutrients and affecting growth.

Pest and Disease Control

Autumn is a period of high incidence of pests and diseases. For diseases, timely control is needed, and it must be thorough to prevent rebound. In late autumn, fallen leaves in green spaces should be cleaned up thoroughly. Doing so can effectively reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases the following year.

For some insect pests, such as the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) and other leaf-eating pests, autumn is precisely their peak damage period, when they feed on large amounts of leaves and spin cocoons to overwinter. Therefore, doing a good job of autumn pest and disease control, reducing the base number of insects the following year, and ensuring normal leaf growth of broadleaf tree species and plump winter bud formation are extremely important. For pests that are in the late growth stage or egg-laying stage in autumn, while killing adults and nymphs, work must also be done to eliminate eggs. For trunk-boring pests such as longhorn beetles, multiple measures should be taken for integrated control.

Autumn Storage

After seedlings are lifted in autumn, if they cannot be planted in time, they should be stored to prevent the seedlings from losing water and drying out in the wind. The following points should be done promptly:

1. Fine sand burial is best done by trench storage. The trench should be 50 cm deep, with length and width determined by the number of seedlings. After the trench is dug, place the seedlings bundle by bundle into the bottom of the trench with roots downward and tips upward. Do not pack the bundles too tightly, to prevent root rot. Fill with river sand that has passed through a coarse sieve, moving the seedlings while filling the sand so that the sand fills the spaces between bundles and between seedlings.

2. Water moderately. Pour water rapidly over the seedlings so as to wash the maximum amount of sand into the spaces between bundles and between seedlings. Water thoroughly once, and absolutely avoid repeating, to prevent waterlogging damage and root rot. After watering, cover the seedlings with 10 cm of river sand.

3. Cover with grass for cold protection according to local conditions. When temperatures rise the following year, remove the cold-protection grass in time, so as to avoid sprouting and root burn due to excessively high temperatures.

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