Detailed Explanation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Usage and Precautions
Pigs: Use the type O foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine for immunization.
Foot-and-mouth disease vaccine is an inactivated vaccine and serves as one of the most important weapons for preventing and controlling the occurrence and spread of foot-and-mouth disease. The vaccine should be an emulsion; a small amount of oil phase separation or layering of the emulsion column is permissible. If this occurs, shake gently to restore the emulsion to a uniform state before use. If emulsion breakdown occurs or the specified layering is exceeded, it must not be used. Let us now take a look at the usage methods for foot-and-mouth disease vaccines!
Cattle Type O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Inactivated Vaccine
The cattle type O foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine uses the bovine-source virulent strain OA/58, which has a broad antigenic spectrum and good antigenicity and immunogenicity, as the seed virus. It is inoculated onto BHK-21 continuous cell line monolayers to prepare viral antigen, inactivated with binary ethyleneimine (BEI), and mixed with mineral oil adjuvant to produce an emulsion vaccine. It is a slightly pink or milky white viscous liquid. It is used for preventive vaccination and emergency vaccination of yellow cattle, water buffalo, dairy cattle and yaks of all ages, with an immune duration of 6 months. Adult cattle receive 3 milliliters by intramuscular injection, and calves under 1 year of age receive 2 milliliters by intramuscular injection. This product should be protected from freezing and stored at 4-8°C, with a shelf life of 10 months.
Swine Type O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Inactivated Vaccine
The swine type O foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine is prepared by inoculating BHK-21 or IBRS-2 cell monolayers with a swine-source virulent strain, harvesting the cell culture fluid, inactivating with binary ethyleneimine (BEI), and mixing and emulsifying with oil adjuvant. It is a milky white or light red viscous emulsion. After storage, a small amount of oil on the liquid surface and a trace amount of water at the bottom of the bottle are permissible (each must not exceed 1/10); shaking will produce a uniform emulsion. It is used to prevent swine type O foot-and-mouth disease, with an immune duration of 6 months. Shake the vaccine thoroughly before injection. Inject Guohao Foot-and-Mouth Ling into the muscle behind the ear root of pigs. Pigs weighing 10-25 kg receive 2 milliliters, and those over 25 kg receive 3 milliliters. Note that the vaccine should be transported refrigerated at below 10°C. This product is stored in a cold storage at 2-10°C, with a shelf life of 1 year.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Type O Mouse-Adapted Attenuated Live Vaccine
The foot-and-mouth disease type O mouse-adapted attenuated live vaccine is prepared by inoculating suckling rabbits with the foot-and-mouth disease type O mouse-adapted attenuated strain, harvesting the virus-containing tissues and grinding them, and adding an equal volume of glycerol to the virus extract. It is a dark red liquid with some sediment at the bottom of the bottle after standing, forming a uniform suspension after shaking. It is used to prevent type O foot-and-mouth disease in yellow cattle and yaks over 1 year of age and in sheep and goats over 4 months of age. Cattle receive 2 milliliters by intramuscular injection, and sheep receive 1 milliliter by subcutaneous injection, with an immune duration of 6-8 months. This product must not be used for pigs, dairy cattle or water buffalo. Store at below -12°C for a shelf life of 1 year, at 2-6°C for 5 months, or at 20-22°C for 7 days.
Precautions for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Use
1. Syringes and needles should be clean and sterilized by moist heat under high pressure or by boiling in clean water for at least 15 minutes. Chemical disinfection methods must not be used. Needles should be replaced for each animal during vaccination, and one syringe must never be used for two different vaccines.
2. Before immunization, the animal species, health status, medical history and immunization history should be understood. Animals that are sick, weak or near parturition (10-15 days) should not be vaccinated. After the sick animal recovers or the dam gives birth, supplementary vaccination should be carried out according to regulations. Vaccinated animals should be kept under restful and quiet conditions and maintained clean. Livestock in non-epidemic areas may only be transported 28 days after injection.
3. During use, the vaccine should be kept at low temperature and protected from direct sunlight. After cutting the hair at the injection site, disinfect by wiping clean with 70-75% alcohol cotton or iodine tincture, then wipe the disinfected area dry with squeezed-dry alcohol cotton. The vaccine must be injected into the muscle and must never be injected into fat or subcutaneously.
4. After vaccination, strengthen the feeding and management of the animals. Fasting or reduced feeding for 1-2 days is a normal reaction. A small number of livestock may experience vaccine allergic reactions due to breed or individual condition. Observation should be strengthened, and timely emergency treatment with adrenaline or other methods should be used to reduce losses.