What are the key points of fruit corn cultivation techniques?
Key Points of Fruit Corn Cultivation Techniques
Fruit corn cultivation techniques:
1. Choosing the planting site: The planting site should have fertile, loose soil, abundant sunlight, and convenient drainage and irrigation. The field must not accumulate water, which is an important foundation for achieving high yields.
2. Raising seedlings: Raising seedlings in nutrient cups (trays) and then transplanting is beneficial for seedling-stage management, ensuring the effective number of plants per mu, ensuring uniform growth, and saving seeds. For nutrient cups, either 8×8 or 6×6 will do; for nutrient trays, use 5×5 ones, with 48 cells per tray and one seed sown per cell. Direct seeding is beneficial for seedling emergence. When sowing, place the seed with the embryo bud pointing vertically downward and cover with 1.5—2 cm of soil. Use refuse soil for covering, but do not use large (coarse) clods, as this may affect seedling emergence. For the nutrient soil, use refuse soil or burned soil, and add 2 kg of zinc sulfate and 5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate per mu, mixing them evenly. After sowing, maintain moisture in the nutrient cups to ensure the seeds absorb water and germinate.
3. Transplanting: Transplant in a directional manner, and transplant promptly when the plants have two fully expanded leaves and one new leaf to three fully expanded leaves and one new leaf. When transplanting, ensure that the leaves of every plant face the same direction, which helps with light penetration and ventilation and avoids poor pollination. For spring planting, plant 2800 plants per mu; for summer planting, plant 2600 plants per mu; for late autumn planting, plant 2800 plants per mu.
4. Fertilization: Base fertilizer should be the main application, accounting for more than 80% of the total fertilizer requirement. Based on a yield of 3000 jin of fresh cobs per mu, each mu requires 18 kg of pure nitrogen. Calculated at a urea content of 46%, each mu requires about 40 kg of urea. Each mu requires 8 kg of phosphorus. Taking 16% superphosphate as an example, each mu requires 50 kg of superphosphate. Each mu requires 19 kg of potassium. Taking 50% potassium sulfate as an example, each mu requires 40 kg of potassium sulfate. It is best to apply fertilizer by watering it on. The utilization rate of fertilizer buried in the soil is very low.
5. Topdressing: Based on the plant growth condition, consider whether to topdress and how much to apply. Topdressing should be applied by watering so that the plants can absorb the fertilizer in a timely manner. Topdressing is generally done during intertillage (5—6 leaves) or at the tasseling stage.
6. Pay attention to pest and disease control: During the corn growing period, attention should be paid to controlling bacterial wilt (stalk rot) and large and small leaf spot diseases. Diseases should be prevented mainly, and 1—2 timely sprayings should be done before the rainy season arrives, or timely prevention should be carried out when field humidity is high. The main insect pest is the corn borer. Observe carefully at the tasseling stage and control promptly when pests are found. Generally, 1—2 treatments are sufficient.
7. Timely harvesting: Generally, it matures 18—22 days after flowering in summer. Harvesting at the milk-ripe stage gives the best quality and the highest yield. At this time, the silk turns black and the kernels are light golden yellow. It is best when the color is similar to that on the reference promotional picture.
1. Choosing the planting site: The planting site should have fertile, loose soil, abundant sunlight, and convenient drainage and irrigation. The field must not accumulate water, which is an important foundation for achieving high yields.
2. Raising seedlings: Raising seedlings in nutrient cups (trays) and then transplanting is beneficial for seedling-stage management, ensuring the effective number of plants per mu, ensuring uniform growth, and saving seeds. For nutrient cups, either 8×8 or 6×6 will do; for nutrient trays, use 5×5 ones, with 48 cells per tray and one seed sown per cell. Direct seeding is beneficial for seedling emergence. When sowing, place the seed with the embryo bud pointing vertically downward and cover with 1.5—2 cm of soil. Use refuse soil for covering, but do not use large (coarse) clods, as this may affect seedling emergence. For the nutrient soil, use refuse soil or burned soil, and add 2 kg of zinc sulfate and 5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate per mu, mixing them evenly. After sowing, maintain moisture in the nutrient cups to ensure the seeds absorb water and germinate.
3. Transplanting: Transplant in a directional manner, and transplant promptly when the plants have two fully expanded leaves and one new leaf to three fully expanded leaves and one new leaf. When transplanting, ensure that the leaves of every plant face the same direction, which helps with light penetration and ventilation and avoids poor pollination. For spring planting, plant 2800 plants per mu; for summer planting, plant 2600 plants per mu; for late autumn planting, plant 2800 plants per mu.
4. Fertilization: Base fertilizer should be the main application, accounting for more than 80% of the total fertilizer requirement. Based on a yield of 3000 jin of fresh cobs per mu, each mu requires 18 kg of pure nitrogen. Calculated at a urea content of 46%, each mu requires about 40 kg of urea. Each mu requires 8 kg of phosphorus. Taking 16% superphosphate as an example, each mu requires 50 kg of superphosphate. Each mu requires 19 kg of potassium. Taking 50% potassium sulfate as an example, each mu requires 40 kg of potassium sulfate. It is best to apply fertilizer by watering it on. The utilization rate of fertilizer buried in the soil is very low.
5. Topdressing: Based on the plant growth condition, consider whether to topdress and how much to apply. Topdressing should be applied by watering so that the plants can absorb the fertilizer in a timely manner. Topdressing is generally done during intertillage (5—6 leaves) or at the tasseling stage.
6. Pay attention to pest and disease control: During the corn growing period, attention should be paid to controlling bacterial wilt (stalk rot) and large and small leaf spot diseases. Diseases should be prevented mainly, and 1—2 timely sprayings should be done before the rainy season arrives, or timely prevention should be carried out when field humidity is high. The main insect pest is the corn borer. Observe carefully at the tasseling stage and control promptly when pests are found. Generally, 1—2 treatments are sufficient.
7. Timely harvesting: Generally, it matures 18—22 days after flowering in summer. Harvesting at the milk-ripe stage gives the best quality and the highest yield. At this time, the silk turns black and the kernels are light golden yellow. It is best when the color is similar to that on the reference promotional picture.