How can the harm of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome in pigs be effectively reduced?
How can the harm of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome in pigs be reduced?
(Agricultural Wealth Network) How can the harm of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome in pigs be reduced?
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Post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs is a viral disease of pigs infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2). In recent years it has caused considerable economic losses to countries with developed pig industries and has become one of the major diseases harming pig production.
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Incidence
Common PMWS mainly occurs during the suckling period, especially in piglets from 5 weeks to 12 weeks of age and from 6 weeks to 8 weeks of age. It generally begins 2 days to 3 days or one week after weaning. In acutely affected herds, the mortality rate can reach 10%, but it is often greatly increased by concurrent or secondary bacterial and viral infections, with the mortality rate reaching more than 25%.
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Clinical symptoms and pathological changes
The most common clinical symptoms of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome in pigs are: progressive emaciation or stunted growth, difficulty breathing, enlarged inguinal lymph nodes, diarrhea, anemia, jaundice, and occasionally coughing, fever, gastric ulcers, central nervous system disorders, and sudden death.
Common lesions: swollen lungs with widened interstitium; marked enlargement of systemic lymph nodes, with a moist cut surface and visible hemorrhage; enlarged kidneys, grayish-white; mild swelling of the liver and spleen; if there is concurrent or secondary infection with other pathogens, pleurisy, peritonitis, pericarditis, arthritis, etc. may be seen.
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Control measures
A large amount of evidence has shown that stimulation of the immune system is an important factor triggering post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome in pigs, and affected or infected pigs have at least a temporary immunosuppressive phenomenon. Because of the specificity of this virus, there is still no effective vaccine that can prevent PCV-2 infection. Therefore, the most important thing in dealing with post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome in pigs at present is how to reduce its harm and losses. Based on recent experience in controlling some affected pig farms and the actual pig production situation in China, the following control measures are proposed:
Do a good job of vaccination against major epidemic diseases, strengthen the feeding and management of the pig herd, and reduce stress factors in the pig herd: strictly implement the all-in-all-out system; integrate sanitation and disinfection work into the pig production process, including personnel, vehicles, the environment, and the pig herd, and pay attention to every detail in disinfection work; ensure good ventilation and air exchange in pig houses, improve the air quality in pig houses, and reduce ammonia concentration; keep pig houses dry and reduce the stocking density of the pig herd.
Improve the nutritional level of the pig herd: because PCV-2 infection leads to a decline in the immune function of the pig herd, nutrition is an important factor affecting PMWS. By increasing the levels of protein, amino acids, vitamins, and trace elements in the pig herd, the incidence of PMWS and the losses it causes can be reduced to a certain extent. The quality of feed can be improved, a small amount of liquid vitamins (Weiduoli) can be administered orally, the feed intake of weaned pigs can be increased, and piglets can be fed wet feed or gruel feed to ensure sufficient drinking water for piglets.
Adopt a complete drug prevention program. In view of the current characteristics of PMWS in pig herds in China and the application effects in actual production, it is recommended to use the following drug prevention program that has been verified as relatively effective:
Medication for piglets: suckling piglets are injected intramuscularly with Fuhong Changxiao (long-acting oxytetracycline, 20%, 0.5 ml to 1 ml each time) at tooth clipping, tail docking or castration, and weaning respectively; from one week before weaning to one month after weaning, use antiviral No. 1 powder (1000 g per ton) and amoxicillin (300 g per ton) mixed into feed, and Weiduoli for pigs (500 ml per ton) diluted in water.
Medication for sows: from one week before farrowing to one week after farrowing, add antiviral No. 1 powder (1000 g per ton) and amoxicillin (300 g per ton) to the feed, and use Weiduoli for pigs (500 ml per ton) diluted in water.
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Post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs is a viral disease of pigs infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2). In recent years it has caused considerable economic losses to countries with developed pig industries and has become one of the major diseases harming pig production.
--------------------------------------
Incidence
Common PMWS mainly occurs during the suckling period, especially in piglets from 5 weeks to 12 weeks of age and from 6 weeks to 8 weeks of age. It generally begins 2 days to 3 days or one week after weaning. In acutely affected herds, the mortality rate can reach 10%, but it is often greatly increased by concurrent or secondary bacterial and viral infections, with the mortality rate reaching more than 25%.
--------------------------------------
Clinical symptoms and pathological changes
The most common clinical symptoms of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome in pigs are: progressive emaciation or stunted growth, difficulty breathing, enlarged inguinal lymph nodes, diarrhea, anemia, jaundice, and occasionally coughing, fever, gastric ulcers, central nervous system disorders, and sudden death.
Common lesions: swollen lungs with widened interstitium; marked enlargement of systemic lymph nodes, with a moist cut surface and visible hemorrhage; enlarged kidneys, grayish-white; mild swelling of the liver and spleen; if there is concurrent or secondary infection with other pathogens, pleurisy, peritonitis, pericarditis, arthritis, etc. may be seen.
--------------------------------------
Control measures
A large amount of evidence has shown that stimulation of the immune system is an important factor triggering post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome in pigs, and affected or infected pigs have at least a temporary immunosuppressive phenomenon. Because of the specificity of this virus, there is still no effective vaccine that can prevent PCV-2 infection. Therefore, the most important thing in dealing with post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome in pigs at present is how to reduce its harm and losses. Based on recent experience in controlling some affected pig farms and the actual pig production situation in China, the following control measures are proposed:
Do a good job of vaccination against major epidemic diseases, strengthen the feeding and management of the pig herd, and reduce stress factors in the pig herd: strictly implement the all-in-all-out system; integrate sanitation and disinfection work into the pig production process, including personnel, vehicles, the environment, and the pig herd, and pay attention to every detail in disinfection work; ensure good ventilation and air exchange in pig houses, improve the air quality in pig houses, and reduce ammonia concentration; keep pig houses dry and reduce the stocking density of the pig herd.
Improve the nutritional level of the pig herd: because PCV-2 infection leads to a decline in the immune function of the pig herd, nutrition is an important factor affecting PMWS. By increasing the levels of protein, amino acids, vitamins, and trace elements in the pig herd, the incidence of PMWS and the losses it causes can be reduced to a certain extent. The quality of feed can be improved, a small amount of liquid vitamins (Weiduoli) can be administered orally, the feed intake of weaned pigs can be increased, and piglets can be fed wet feed or gruel feed to ensure sufficient drinking water for piglets.
Adopt a complete drug prevention program. In view of the current characteristics of PMWS in pig herds in China and the application effects in actual production, it is recommended to use the following drug prevention program that has been verified as relatively effective:
Medication for piglets: suckling piglets are injected intramuscularly with Fuhong Changxiao (long-acting oxytetracycline, 20%, 0.5 ml to 1 ml each time) at tooth clipping, tail docking or castration, and weaning respectively; from one week before weaning to one month after weaning, use antiviral No. 1 powder (1000 g per ton) and amoxicillin (300 g per ton) mixed into feed, and Weiduoli for pigs (500 ml per ton) diluted in water.
Medication for sows: from one week before farrowing to one week after farrowing, add antiviral No. 1 powder (1000 g per ton) and amoxicillin (300 g per ton) to the feed, and use Weiduoli for pigs (500 ml per ton) diluted in water.