How is artificial insemination in pigs carried out? A comprehensive explanation of the technical key points
Artificial insemination technology for pigs, could someone give a comprehensive explanation?
(Agricultural Wealth-Building Network) Artificial insemination technology for pigs, could someone give a comprehensive explanation?
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1. Cleaning and disinfection of instruments
Washing: Rinse and scrub once with a 2% sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) solution. Then rinse 5 to 6 times with clean water. Disinfection: For glassware, metalware, gauze and towels, first boil and then sterilize in a constant-temperature drying oven (120°C, 15 to 30 minutes); insemination rubber tubes are disinfected by boiling or steam sterilization; thermometers are disinfected with alcohol cotton balls; diluents are disinfected by boiling in a water bath for 10 to 15 minutes or by direct boiling; sterilized instruments should be rinsed once with diluent before use.
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2. Hygiene of the operating room
Windows bright and benches clean; the operating table and floor must be wiped every day; operators must wear white work clothes, and the room must be dust-free, fly-free and sterile. Smoking is strictly prohibited. Instruments must not be used interchangeably or stored together with veterinary instruments and medicines.
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3. Making a dummy sow
Use a log 20 cm in diameter and 110 to 120 cm long, shave both ends into an arc shape, then install 4 legs and fix them securely. Lay a layer of straw or grass bags on top of the log, then cover it with a piece of tanned pigskin. The assembled dummy sow should have a hindquarters height of 55 to 56 cm and a forequarters height of 45 to 55 cm, presenting a low front and high rear, with a difference of 10 cm being suitable.
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4. Training breeding boars
Apply the urine and mucus of an estrous sow to the hindquarters of the dummy sow to entice the boar to mount. Drive a sow in strong estrus next to the dummy sow and let the boar being trained mount her; when the boar's sexual desire reaches its peak, drive the sow away, then entice the boar to mount the dummy sow. Use a well-trained boar to mount the dummy sow and let the boar being trained watch, so as to stimulate its sexual desire and induce it to mount and semen collection. Generally, training is successful after 3 to 5 sessions; after successful training, semen should be collected for several consecutive days to consolidate the conditioned reflex that has been established. A well-trained boar must not be used again for natural mating.
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5. Semen collection methods
Semen collection should preferably be carried out indoors. The semen collection room must be kept clean and dust-free, quiet and free from disturbance, with a flat, non-slip floor. In summer, to prevent heat stroke in breeding boars caused by high temperatures, semen collection should preferably be carried out in the morning; in winter, when it is cold, the temperature in the semen collection room should be kept above 15°C, and the semen collection cup must have insulation measures to prevent the semen quality from being reduced by cold shock or repeated reheating.
Manual collection method: Before semen collection, cut off the long hairs around the boar's prepuce; wipe and clean the dummy sow, the boar's penile prepuce and the area under the abdomen with a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution. The semen collector must trim their nails short and disinfect and wipe them clean with 70% alcohol and let it evaporate. After the boar mounts the dummy sow, according to the collector's habit, they may squat on the left or right side of the dummy sow; after the boar has mounted and thrust several times and the penis protrudes, the collector quickly grasps the penis with the (left) right hand palm facing down, and uses the thumb to support the front end of the penis to prevent abrasion; the tightness of the grip should be just enough that the penis does not slip out. The semen first ejaculated by the boar is mostly pre-ejaculate, mixed with urine and dirt, and should not be collected; when thicker milky-white semen is ejaculated, collect it in the semen collection cup. Generally, the boar may ejaculate 2 to 3 times during one semen collection process. After the boar has finished ejaculating, the collector should smoothly guide the penis back into the prepuce with the hand; never rudely push it down or strike it. Adult boars are collected every other day; when insemination is urgent, once a day is also acceptable; young boars (1 year old) and old boars (over 4 years old) are collected once every 3 days.
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6. Semen quality inspection
The temperature of the inspection room should be kept above 15°C, and the semen should be filtered through 3 to 4 layers of gauze. Inspect the semen volume, color, odor, motility and density. Generally, the ejaculate volume is 200 to 500 milliliters; the normal color is milky white or grayish white, with a slight fishy odor. During inspection, use a sterilized thin glass rod to dip 1 drop of filtered semen (about the size of a sorghum grain), place it on a slide, cover with a cover slip and examine under a microscope at 250 to 400 times magnification; the light should not be too strong, and the local temperature for semen inspection should be 35°C to 37°C. Sperm motility generally should not be lower than 0.7. For room-temperature semen, that with motility lower than 0.5 should not be used. Sperm density refers to the number of sperm contained per milliliter of semen, and generally should not be lower than 100 million motile sperm.
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7. Dilution of semen
When diluting semen, all equipment and containers that come into direct contact with the semen must undergo disinfection treatment. Their temperature must be kept consistent with the semen temperature. Before use, rinse once with a small amount of diluent at the same temperature.
Composition of diluent formulas. Method 1: glucose 5 grams, sodium citrate dihydrate 0.3 grams, disodium edetate 0.1 grams, distilled water 100 milliliters, penicillin 100,000 units, dihydrostreptomycin 1000 micrograms/milliliter, for room-temperature storage. Method 2: glucose 5 grams, sodium citrate dihydrate 0.5 grams, distilled water 100 milliliters, appropriate amounts of penicillin and streptomycin. For room-temperature storage. Method 3: glucose 5 grams, sodium citrate dihydrate 0.5 grams, distilled water 100 milliliters, fresh egg yolk 3 milliliters, appropriate amounts of penicillin and streptomycin. For room-temperature storage or ordinary low-temperature storage.
Preparation method of the diluent: Use a balance and a graduated cylinder to weigh the medicine and measure the water respectively, dissolve thoroughly, disinfect, and when cooled to about 30°C add penicillin and streptomycin, filter through 4 layers of sterilized gauze or 2 layers of silk or qualitative rapid filter paper, and set aside for use. If egg yolk is used, then add the egg yolk and mix thoroughly. Prepare it freshly for immediate use.
Dilution requirements: The earlier the dilution after semen collection, the better. The diluent should be equal to the semen temperature, or slightly lower than the semen temperature, with a maximum difference of 1°C. Pour the diluent slowly along a thermometer, glass rod or the wall of the semen bottle into the semen; do not pour the semen directly into the diluent. The dilution ratio of semen should be determined according to the quality of the original semen, the number of sows to be bred, and whether transport and storage are needed; generally 1:1 to 3, or based on the principle of 100 million motile sperm per milliliter of diluted semen; dense semen may be diluted 2 to 3 times, medium semen may be diluted 1 to 2 times, and thin semen may only be diluted 0.5 times.
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8. Storage and transport of semen
Storage method: For storage within 3 to 4 hours, no cooling is needed. It is sufficient to keep it at room temperature. For storage of more than 5 hours, the container of semen that has already cooled naturally may be sealed tightly and stored in a 15 to 20°C incubator or thermos bottle, and should be used up within 24 hours. During transport, the semen container should be filled full and sealed tightly, and wrapped with a towel, so as to avoid foam produced by vibration during transport; the transport time should be shortened as much as possible, and temperature changes should be controlled. In winter, use an incubator to adjust the temperature inside the box to about 20°C to 25°C, to prevent sudden rises and falls. Direct sunlight, smoke and alcohol odors should be avoided.
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9. Insemination
Based on the sow's estrous behavior, vaginal mucosa examination and questioning the owner, make a comprehensive judgment of the suitable timing for insemination. Generally, for multiparous sows, the first insemination is 18 to 36 hours after estrus. The second insemination is 36 to 48 hours. For primiparous sows, the first insemination is generally 36 to 48 hours, and the principle of early mating for old sows and late mating for young sows should be followed. Inseminate 2 to 3 times per estrous period. Before insemination, wash the sow's vulva with warm boiled water and wipe it dry; for stored semen, use human body temperature or place it in 38°C water to raise the temperature to above 25°C and below 36°C.
Insemination volume: It should be determined according to the sow's body weight and semen quality. For sperm motility 0.6, inseminate 15 to 20 milligrams per 50 kg of body weight. For sperm motility above 0.7, inseminate 10 to 15 milliliters per 50 kg of body weight.
Insemination method: Generally, the sow does not need restraint; with one hand open the vulva, and with the other hand hold the semen rubber tube and insert it into the vagina, first inserting about 10 cm at an upward angle, then inserting in a horizontal direction, twisting while inserting and advancing while twisting; when it has been inserted about 30 cm and no further insertion is felt, semen can be infused; to prevent backflow, give a sharp slap on the lower back after infusion. It is best to return the sow to a single pen for 1 hour before feeding.
Artificial insemination technology for pigs is imperative for pig farms with a relatively high degree of intensification, and the vast number of breeders also hope to master this technology; for breeding boar operators, it is even more of a good thing. It can not only greatly reduce the number of breeding boars and improve economic benefits, but also effectively reduce reproductive diseases in sows.
--------------------------------------
1. Cleaning and disinfection of instruments
Washing: Rinse and scrub once with a 2% sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) solution. Then rinse 5 to 6 times with clean water. Disinfection: For glassware, metalware, gauze and towels, first boil and then sterilize in a constant-temperature drying oven (120°C, 15 to 30 minutes); insemination rubber tubes are disinfected by boiling or steam sterilization; thermometers are disinfected with alcohol cotton balls; diluents are disinfected by boiling in a water bath for 10 to 15 minutes or by direct boiling; sterilized instruments should be rinsed once with diluent before use.
--------------------------------------
2. Hygiene of the operating room
Windows bright and benches clean; the operating table and floor must be wiped every day; operators must wear white work clothes, and the room must be dust-free, fly-free and sterile. Smoking is strictly prohibited. Instruments must not be used interchangeably or stored together with veterinary instruments and medicines.
--------------------------------------
3. Making a dummy sow
Use a log 20 cm in diameter and 110 to 120 cm long, shave both ends into an arc shape, then install 4 legs and fix them securely. Lay a layer of straw or grass bags on top of the log, then cover it with a piece of tanned pigskin. The assembled dummy sow should have a hindquarters height of 55 to 56 cm and a forequarters height of 45 to 55 cm, presenting a low front and high rear, with a difference of 10 cm being suitable.
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4. Training breeding boars
Apply the urine and mucus of an estrous sow to the hindquarters of the dummy sow to entice the boar to mount. Drive a sow in strong estrus next to the dummy sow and let the boar being trained mount her; when the boar's sexual desire reaches its peak, drive the sow away, then entice the boar to mount the dummy sow. Use a well-trained boar to mount the dummy sow and let the boar being trained watch, so as to stimulate its sexual desire and induce it to mount and semen collection. Generally, training is successful after 3 to 5 sessions; after successful training, semen should be collected for several consecutive days to consolidate the conditioned reflex that has been established. A well-trained boar must not be used again for natural mating.
--------------------------------------
5. Semen collection methods
Semen collection should preferably be carried out indoors. The semen collection room must be kept clean and dust-free, quiet and free from disturbance, with a flat, non-slip floor. In summer, to prevent heat stroke in breeding boars caused by high temperatures, semen collection should preferably be carried out in the morning; in winter, when it is cold, the temperature in the semen collection room should be kept above 15°C, and the semen collection cup must have insulation measures to prevent the semen quality from being reduced by cold shock or repeated reheating.
Manual collection method: Before semen collection, cut off the long hairs around the boar's prepuce; wipe and clean the dummy sow, the boar's penile prepuce and the area under the abdomen with a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution. The semen collector must trim their nails short and disinfect and wipe them clean with 70% alcohol and let it evaporate. After the boar mounts the dummy sow, according to the collector's habit, they may squat on the left or right side of the dummy sow; after the boar has mounted and thrust several times and the penis protrudes, the collector quickly grasps the penis with the (left) right hand palm facing down, and uses the thumb to support the front end of the penis to prevent abrasion; the tightness of the grip should be just enough that the penis does not slip out. The semen first ejaculated by the boar is mostly pre-ejaculate, mixed with urine and dirt, and should not be collected; when thicker milky-white semen is ejaculated, collect it in the semen collection cup. Generally, the boar may ejaculate 2 to 3 times during one semen collection process. After the boar has finished ejaculating, the collector should smoothly guide the penis back into the prepuce with the hand; never rudely push it down or strike it. Adult boars are collected every other day; when insemination is urgent, once a day is also acceptable; young boars (1 year old) and old boars (over 4 years old) are collected once every 3 days.
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6. Semen quality inspection
The temperature of the inspection room should be kept above 15°C, and the semen should be filtered through 3 to 4 layers of gauze. Inspect the semen volume, color, odor, motility and density. Generally, the ejaculate volume is 200 to 500 milliliters; the normal color is milky white or grayish white, with a slight fishy odor. During inspection, use a sterilized thin glass rod to dip 1 drop of filtered semen (about the size of a sorghum grain), place it on a slide, cover with a cover slip and examine under a microscope at 250 to 400 times magnification; the light should not be too strong, and the local temperature for semen inspection should be 35°C to 37°C. Sperm motility generally should not be lower than 0.7. For room-temperature semen, that with motility lower than 0.5 should not be used. Sperm density refers to the number of sperm contained per milliliter of semen, and generally should not be lower than 100 million motile sperm.
--------------------------------------
7. Dilution of semen
When diluting semen, all equipment and containers that come into direct contact with the semen must undergo disinfection treatment. Their temperature must be kept consistent with the semen temperature. Before use, rinse once with a small amount of diluent at the same temperature.
Composition of diluent formulas. Method 1: glucose 5 grams, sodium citrate dihydrate 0.3 grams, disodium edetate 0.1 grams, distilled water 100 milliliters, penicillin 100,000 units, dihydrostreptomycin 1000 micrograms/milliliter, for room-temperature storage. Method 2: glucose 5 grams, sodium citrate dihydrate 0.5 grams, distilled water 100 milliliters, appropriate amounts of penicillin and streptomycin. For room-temperature storage. Method 3: glucose 5 grams, sodium citrate dihydrate 0.5 grams, distilled water 100 milliliters, fresh egg yolk 3 milliliters, appropriate amounts of penicillin and streptomycin. For room-temperature storage or ordinary low-temperature storage.
Preparation method of the diluent: Use a balance and a graduated cylinder to weigh the medicine and measure the water respectively, dissolve thoroughly, disinfect, and when cooled to about 30°C add penicillin and streptomycin, filter through 4 layers of sterilized gauze or 2 layers of silk or qualitative rapid filter paper, and set aside for use. If egg yolk is used, then add the egg yolk and mix thoroughly. Prepare it freshly for immediate use.
Dilution requirements: The earlier the dilution after semen collection, the better. The diluent should be equal to the semen temperature, or slightly lower than the semen temperature, with a maximum difference of 1°C. Pour the diluent slowly along a thermometer, glass rod or the wall of the semen bottle into the semen; do not pour the semen directly into the diluent. The dilution ratio of semen should be determined according to the quality of the original semen, the number of sows to be bred, and whether transport and storage are needed; generally 1:1 to 3, or based on the principle of 100 million motile sperm per milliliter of diluted semen; dense semen may be diluted 2 to 3 times, medium semen may be diluted 1 to 2 times, and thin semen may only be diluted 0.5 times.
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8. Storage and transport of semen
Storage method: For storage within 3 to 4 hours, no cooling is needed. It is sufficient to keep it at room temperature. For storage of more than 5 hours, the container of semen that has already cooled naturally may be sealed tightly and stored in a 15 to 20°C incubator or thermos bottle, and should be used up within 24 hours. During transport, the semen container should be filled full and sealed tightly, and wrapped with a towel, so as to avoid foam produced by vibration during transport; the transport time should be shortened as much as possible, and temperature changes should be controlled. In winter, use an incubator to adjust the temperature inside the box to about 20°C to 25°C, to prevent sudden rises and falls. Direct sunlight, smoke and alcohol odors should be avoided.
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9. Insemination
Based on the sow's estrous behavior, vaginal mucosa examination and questioning the owner, make a comprehensive judgment of the suitable timing for insemination. Generally, for multiparous sows, the first insemination is 18 to 36 hours after estrus. The second insemination is 36 to 48 hours. For primiparous sows, the first insemination is generally 36 to 48 hours, and the principle of early mating for old sows and late mating for young sows should be followed. Inseminate 2 to 3 times per estrous period. Before insemination, wash the sow's vulva with warm boiled water and wipe it dry; for stored semen, use human body temperature or place it in 38°C water to raise the temperature to above 25°C and below 36°C.
Insemination volume: It should be determined according to the sow's body weight and semen quality. For sperm motility 0.6, inseminate 15 to 20 milligrams per 50 kg of body weight. For sperm motility above 0.7, inseminate 10 to 15 milliliters per 50 kg of body weight.
Insemination method: Generally, the sow does not need restraint; with one hand open the vulva, and with the other hand hold the semen rubber tube and insert it into the vagina, first inserting about 10 cm at an upward angle, then inserting in a horizontal direction, twisting while inserting and advancing while twisting; when it has been inserted about 30 cm and no further insertion is felt, semen can be infused; to prevent backflow, give a sharp slap on the lower back after infusion. It is best to return the sow to a single pen for 1 hour before feeding.
Artificial insemination technology for pigs is imperative for pig farms with a relatively high degree of intensification, and the vast number of breeders also hope to master this technology; for breeding boar operators, it is even more of a good thing. It can not only greatly reduce the number of breeding boars and improve economic benefits, but also effectively reduce reproductive diseases in sows.