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(Agricultural Wealth Network) The role and application of pig breeds in pig production
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China has very rich genetic resources of local pig breeds, which have not only attracted the attention of Chinese people, but also made great contributions to the improvement of pig breeds worldwide. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, the Roman Empire introduced Chinese pig breeds. By the early 19th century, the United States, Britain, and other countries introduced the "Panyu pig" from Guangdong, and it later spread to Germany, France, Japan, and other countries, and participated in the breeding of breeds such as the Large Yorkshire, Berkshire, and Poland China. In recent years, France, Japan, Britain, the United States, Canada, and other countries have all used China's excellent local breeds to varying degrees and bred a number of excellent lean-type pig breeds. According to the breed resource survey and "China's Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Status" (2004), China currently has 99 pig genetic resources, including 72 local breeds, 19 bred breeds, and 8 introduced breeds.
1 Classification of China's local pig breeds
According to the feeding and management methods, body conformation and appearance, and production performance of China's local pig breeds, as well as natural conditions such as climate and factors such as agricultural production and social economy, they can be classified by natural agricultural region into: North China type, Central China type, South China type, Southwest type, Jiangnan type, and Plateau type.
1.1 North China type (5 breeds) Mainly distributed in areas north of the Huai River and Qinling Mountains. Main pig breeds: Northeast Min pig (Northeast), Huang-Huai-Hai Black pig (Hebei, etc.), Hanjiang Black pig (Shaanxi), Yimeng Black pig (Shandong), Bamei pig (Gansu), etc.
1.2 South China type (9 breeds) Mainly distributed south of the Nanling Mountains and the Pearl River basin. Main pig breeds: Xiang pig (Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau), Luchuan pig (Guangxi), Taoyuan pig (Taiwan, China), Wuzhishan pig (Hainan), Guangdong Small-ear Black-backed pig (Guangdong), etc.
1.3 Jianghai type (7 breeds) Mainly distributed between the Huai River and the Yangtze River. Main pig breeds: Taihu pig (Shanghai, etc.), Jiangquhai pig (Jiangsu), Hongqiao pig (Zhejiang), Yangxin pig (Hubei), Wei pig (Anhui), etc.
1.4 Central China type (19 breeds) Mainly distributed between the Yangtze River and the Pearl River. Main pig breeds: Jinhua pig (Zhejiang), Large Spotted White pig (Guangdong), Ningxiang pig (Hunan), Wannan Spotted pig (Anhui), etc.
1.5 Southwest type (7 breeds) Mainly distributed in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Sichuan Basin. Main pig breeds: Neijiang pig, Rongchang pig, Wujin pig (China's only red-haired pig), etc.
1.6 Plateau type (1 breed) Distributed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Main pig breed: Tibetan pig.
2 Characteristics of China's local pig breeds
The diversity of genetic genes in China's local pig breeds, especially the excellent germplasm characteristics of local pig breeds, has long been famous worldwide: early sexual maturity, high reproductive capacity, strong stress resistance, large litter size, strong adaptability, tolerance to coarse feed, and resistance to cold, among which high reproductive capacity, good meat quality, and strong stress resistance are the most prominent.
2.1 High reproductive capacity
Chinese local pig breeds have excellent reproductive characteristics such as early sexual maturity, many ovulations, high conception rate, large litter size, few postpartum disorders, strong piglet-protecting ability, and high piglet survival rate. From the perspective of litter size and ovulation number, China's local pig breeds can be divided into prolific types, such as Taihu pig, Jinhua pig, Min pig, etc., and ordinary types, such as Jiangquhai pig, Daweizi pig, Neikuo pig, Large Spotted White pig, etc. The representative pig breeds are 9 breeds including Jiaxing Black pig, Erhualian pig, Northeast Min pig, Jinhua pig, Large Spotted White pig, Neijiang pig, Jiangquhai pig, Daweizi pig, and Hetao Big-ear pig. The average age at sexual maturity is 130 days. The average ovulation number is 7.21 for first-parity pigs and 21.58 for multiparous pigs. The average litter size is 10.54 piglets for first-parity pigs and 13.64 piglets for multiparous pigs. The Northeast Min pig has a first-parity litter size of 12.70 and a multiparous litter size of 15.50. The Taihu pig has a first-parity litter size of 13.48 and a multiparous litter size of 16.65.
2.2 Excellent meat quality
China's local pig breeds have excellent meat quality and are world-famous for good taste, aroma, tenderness, and juiciness. This may be related to the long feeding cycle and diverse feed intake of China's local pig breeds. The meat quality of China's local pig breeds has significant characteristics: bright red meat color, no PSE meat or DFD meat, muscle pH within the normal range at 45 minutes after slaughter (>6.2), moderate marbling, strong muscle water-holding capacity, relatively reasonable muscle tissue structure, fine muscle fiber diameter, high density per unit area, and low moisture content. In Chen Runsheng's study of the meat quality traits of 10 local pig breeds in China, no PSE meat was found; the muscle was tender and juicy, the muscle fibers were relatively fine, the density was relatively high, the marbling distribution was moderate, and the spaces between muscle fibers were filled with fat particles, producing a special aroma during cooking.
2.3 Strong stress resistance
Stress resistance mainly refers to the body's ability to regulate and adapt to adverse environments. In the long process of natural selection and artificial selection, China's local pig breeds have good adaptability to adverse environments such as climate, humidity, altitude, as well as tolerance to coarse feed, hunger, and disease invasion. For example, the Min pig has a very strong thermoregulatory ability. At a low temperature of minus 28°C, it will not shiver within 12 minutes. When the temperature rises from 22.5°C to 32°C, the respiratory rate of the Min pig increases by 31.87 breaths/minute, while that of the Harbin White pig increases by 47.94 breaths/minute. Obviously, China's local pig breeds are superior to foreign pig breeds in cold resistance and heat resistance.
3 The role of local pig breeds
3.1 Crossbreeding utilization of local pig breeds
Due to shortcomings such as slow growth rate, low slaughter rate, low carcass yield, low lean meat percentage, and low feed conversion rate, China's local pig breeds cannot adapt to the industrialized development of the pig industry, nor can they meet the market's growing demand for lean pork. Since the reform and opening up, China has introduced large numbers of lean-type pig breeds from abroad. China's local pig breeds have relatively large genetic differences from foreign pig breeds, and when crossed with foreign pig breeds, they can produce relatively large heterosis and genetic complementary effects. Moreover, China's local pig breeds possess rich genetic characteristics, so good crossbreeding results can be achieved. At present, China's local pig breeds are mostly used as the maternal parent for crossbreeding to produce commercial meat pigs, or directly used to produce foreign-breed commercial meat pigs, with the most representative models being the "one foreign and one local" two-way cross, the "two foreign and one local" three-way cross, and the "foreign three-way" cross model. At present, such crossbred pigs are the most widely raised in China. They combine the advantages of local pig breeds and "foreign" pig breeds, having both relatively high reproductive capacity and good meat quality, while also growing faster, having a relatively high lean meat percentage, being tolerant of extensive management, and having relatively low requirements for feeding environment and breeding technology.
3.2 The role of local pig breeds in improving meat quality
After entering the 21st century, with changes in domestic market supply and demand relationships and the diversification of market demand, requirements for product quality have become extremely prominent. In the breeding process, due to excessive emphasis on increasing lean meat percentage, one of the adverse consequences of the long-term development of the "foreign three-way" crossbreeding system is a marked decline in meat quality, namely coarse muscle fibers, lack of intramuscular fat, and absence of the aroma that pork should have. In contrast, the long-term selection and breeding of China's local pig breeds has made their meat delicious. First, it is tender and pleasant to the taste. The muscle fibers of Chinese local pig breeds are fine and small in diameter. After carcass maturation, the marbling is obvious and elegant in shape, forming a beautiful frost-flower-like pattern characterized by fineness, density, and evenness, which is exactly the key to high-quality meat. Second, it is rich, fatty, and juicy. For most domestic consumers, demand for high-quality pork (high intramuscular fat) has also emerged, and people have turned back to pork with high intramuscular fat produced by local pig breeds. The meat quality parameters measured in recent years are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Comparison of meat quality performance among different proportions of local pig breed bloodline
Bloodline proportion
Item
100％
50％
25％
０％
(Local pig)
(One foreign and one local)
(Two foreign and one local)
(Foreign three-way)
Number of heads
36
52
74
96
pH24
5.92
5.93
5.85
5.85
Storage loss (%)
0.83
3.46
4.91
6.29
Napole yield (%)
83.60
77.64
75.48
62.28
Lightness (L*)
47.70
48.23
50.05
52.08
Redness (a*)
13.64
10.46
10.39
9.80
Yellowness (b*)
1.12
1.84
2.37
2.22
Longissimus muscle fiber diameter (micrometers)
51.26
60.40
62.97
68.12
Note: Slaughter weight is based on the specificity of each local breed or crossbreed.
From Table 1, it can be seen that the pork indicators of China's local pig breeds are higher than those of crossbred varieties, indicating that the pork quality of China's local pig breeds has very strong advantages in pH, water-holding capacity, meat color, texture, and other aspects. However, pork quality decreases as the proportion of local pig bloodline decreases.
3.3 The role of local pig breeds in breeding new lines
With changes in people's ideas and the development of animal husbandry science and technology, the methods of crossbreeding utilization of pigs in China are also constantly changing. Local pig breeds have made great contributions to breeding new lines and have played an important role in raising the production level of China's pig industry. By utilizing the advantages of China's local pig breeds to breed new lines of high-quality pig breeds, during the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" and "Eighth Five-Year Plan" periods, the State Science and Technology Commission organized nationwide scientific and technological research on the selection and supporting research of specialized lines of lean pigs, and bred 25 new line pigs, of which 21 were maternal lines. In 2005, in the Yunnan Province scientific and technological research project "Breeding of High-grade Quality Lean Pig Synthetic Lines and Industrialization Research," after 13 years of selection and breeding, China's first pig synthetic line bred from specialized lines selected from local pig breeds was successfully developed - the Saba pig synthetic line. The Saba pig synthetic line fully utilized the complementary and interaction effects of the genetic resources of local pig breeds and introduced pig breeds. The experiment adopted a method combining closed herd with regular opening and combining individual with family selection to breed specialized lines, enabling the main production performance of the synthetic line pigs to reach a relatively high level, with stable inheritance. This synthetic line has passed the review of the National Pig Breed Approval Professional Committee. At the same time, driven by national research projects, after many years of selection and breeding, China has successively bred New Taihu pig, Six-line, Suzhong pig line, and new breeds such as Rongchang No. 1, New Dahe pig, and New Laiwu pig. The bred new maternal lines are composed of China's excellent local pig breeds and introduced foreign lean-type breeds in different proportions. According to the bloodline proportion of Chinese and foreign pig breeds, the new line pigs are divided into 5 types. The parental breed bloodline composition proportions of each line pig are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Parental breed bloodline proportions of new line pigs (%)
Type
Line name
Parental breed bloodline proportion
Bloodline of introduced foreign lean-type pig breeds
Bloodline of Chinese local pig breeds
Ⅰ
Rongchang pig lean-type line
25
75
Ⅱ
Chinese lean-type pig DVI line
Suzhong pig I line
Suzhong pig II line
50
50
50
50
50
50
Ⅲ
Jiaxing Black pig lean-type line
Sichuan White pig I line
62.5
62.5
37.5
37.5
Ⅳ
Xiangbai pig line
Zhongxu line
Songliao Black pig maternal line
73～75
73～75
73～75
27～25
27～25
27～25
Ⅴ
Chinese lean-type pig D line
Xiangbai pig line
High-yield lean-type pig line
80.5～87.5
80.5～87.5
80.5～87.5
19.5～12.5
19.5～12.5
19.5～12.5
From Table 2, it can be seen that China's local pig breeds play an important role in breeding new lines. The new lines retain the excellent traits of local pig breeds, thereby reaching a new level.
4 Summary
Judging from the current development trend of the pig industry, the development and utilization of China's excellent local pig breeds is insufficient and still difficult to adapt to the current needs of the pig industry form. Therefore, we must, based on local economic development, market demand, and the actual situation of the pig industry, use resource advantages and rely on scientific technologies such as molecular biotechnology, computer information technology, and the application of systems engineering theory to breed new lines. We should formulate breeding objectives, continuously improve the construction of the improved pig breed breeding system, determine breed direction, and realize the path of industrialized development of China's pig industry.
--------------------------------------
Is the original poster satisfied?
I urgently need this article. If anyone has it, could you please share it? Urgent, urgent, urgent!!!
--------------------------------------
Haha, nobody gave it to you, right?
--------------------------------------
Why is the person above gloating like that??
--------------------------------------
China has very rich genetic resources of local pig breeds, which have not only attracted the attention of Chinese people, but also made great contributions to the improvement of pig breeds worldwide. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, the Roman Empire introduced Chinese pig breeds. By the early 19th century, the United States, Britain, and other countries introduced the "Panyu pig" from Guangdong, and it later spread to Germany, France, Japan, and other countries, and participated in the breeding of breeds such as the Large Yorkshire, Berkshire, and Poland China. In recent years, France, Japan, Britain, the United States, Canada, and other countries have all used China's excellent local breeds to varying degrees and bred a number of excellent lean-type pig breeds. According to the breed resource survey and "China's Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Status" (2004), China currently has 99 pig genetic resources, including 72 local breeds, 19 bred breeds, and 8 introduced breeds.
1 Classification of China's local pig breeds
According to the feeding and management methods, body conformation and appearance, and production performance of China's local pig breeds, as well as natural conditions such as climate and factors such as agricultural production and social economy, they can be classified by natural agricultural region into: North China type, Central China type, South China type, Southwest type, Jiangnan type, and Plateau type.
1.1 North China type (5 breeds) Mainly distributed in areas north of the Huai River and Qinling Mountains. Main pig breeds: Northeast Min pig (Northeast), Huang-Huai-Hai Black pig (Hebei, etc.), Hanjiang Black pig (Shaanxi), Yimeng Black pig (Shandong), Bamei pig (Gansu), etc.
1.2 South China type (9 breeds) Mainly distributed south of the Nanling Mountains and the Pearl River basin. Main pig breeds: Xiang pig (Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau), Luchuan pig (Guangxi), Taoyuan pig (Taiwan, China), Wuzhishan pig (Hainan), Guangdong Small-ear Black-backed pig (Guangdong), etc.
1.3 Jianghai type (7 breeds) Mainly distributed between the Huai River and the Yangtze River. Main pig breeds: Taihu pig (Shanghai, etc.), Jiangquhai pig (Jiangsu), Hongqiao pig (Zhejiang), Yangxin pig (Hubei), Wei pig (Anhui), etc.
1.4 Central China type (19 breeds) Mainly distributed between the Yangtze River and the Pearl River. Main pig breeds: Jinhua pig (Zhejiang), Large Spotted White pig (Guangdong), Ningxiang pig (Hunan), Wannan Spotted pig (Anhui), etc.
1.5 Southwest type (7 breeds) Mainly distributed in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Sichuan Basin. Main pig breeds: Neijiang pig, Rongchang pig, Wujin pig (China's only red-haired pig), etc.
1.6 Plateau type (1 breed) Distributed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Main pig breed: Tibetan pig.
2 Characteristics of China's local pig breeds
The diversity of genetic genes in China's local pig breeds, especially the excellent germplasm characteristics of local pig breeds, has long been famous worldwide: early sexual maturity, high reproductive capacity, strong stress resistance, large litter size, strong adaptability, tolerance to coarse feed, and resistance to cold, among which high reproductive capacity, good meat quality, and strong stress resistance are the most prominent.
2.1 High reproductive capacity
Chinese local pig breeds have excellent reproductive characteristics such as early sexual maturity, many ovulations, high conception rate, large litter size, few postpartum disorders, strong piglet-protecting ability, and high piglet survival rate. From the perspective of litter size and ovulation number, China's local pig breeds can be divided into prolific types, such as Taihu pig, Jinhua pig, Min pig, etc., and ordinary types, such as Jiangquhai pig, Daweizi pig, Neikuo pig, Large Spotted White pig, etc. The representative pig breeds are 9 breeds including Jiaxing Black pig, Erhualian pig, Northeast Min pig, Jinhua pig, Large Spotted White pig, Neijiang pig, Jiangquhai pig, Daweizi pig, and Hetao Big-ear pig. The average age at sexual maturity is 130 days. The average ovulation number is 7.21 for first-parity pigs and 21.58 for multiparous pigs. The average litter size is 10.54 piglets for first-parity pigs and 13.64 piglets for multiparous pigs. The Northeast Min pig has a first-parity litter size of 12.70 and a multiparous litter size of 15.50. The Taihu pig has a first-parity litter size of 13.48 and a multiparous litter size of 16.65.
2.2 Excellent meat quality
China's local pig breeds have excellent meat quality and are world-famous for good taste, aroma, tenderness, and juiciness. This may be related to the long feeding cycle and diverse feed intake of China's local pig breeds. The meat quality of China's local pig breeds has significant characteristics: bright red meat color, no PSE meat or DFD meat, muscle pH within the normal range at 45 minutes after slaughter (>6.2), moderate marbling, strong muscle water-holding capacity, relatively reasonable muscle tissue structure, fine muscle fiber diameter, high density per unit area, and low moisture content. In Chen Runsheng's study of the meat quality traits of 10 local pig breeds in China, no PSE meat was found; the muscle was tender and juicy, the muscle fibers were relatively fine, the density was relatively high, the marbling distribution was moderate, and the spaces between muscle fibers were filled with fat particles, producing a special aroma during cooking.
2.3 Strong stress resistance
Stress resistance mainly refers to the body's ability to regulate and adapt to adverse environments. In the long process of natural selection and artificial selection, China's local pig breeds have good adaptability to adverse environments such as climate, humidity, altitude, as well as tolerance to coarse feed, hunger, and disease invasion. For example, the Min pig has a very strong thermoregulatory ability. At a low temperature of minus 28°C, it will not shiver within 12 minutes. When the temperature rises from 22.5°C to 32°C, the respiratory rate of the Min pig increases by 31.87 breaths/minute, while that of the Harbin White pig increases by 47.94 breaths/minute. Obviously, China's local pig breeds are superior to foreign pig breeds in cold resistance and heat resistance.
3 The role of local pig breeds
3.1 Crossbreeding utilization of local pig breeds
Due to shortcomings such as slow growth rate, low slaughter rate, low carcass yield, low lean meat percentage, and low feed conversion rate, China's local pig breeds cannot adapt to the industrialized development of the pig industry, nor can they meet the market's growing demand for lean pork. Since the reform and opening up, China has introduced large numbers of lean-type pig breeds from abroad. China's local pig breeds have relatively large genetic differences from foreign pig breeds, and when crossed with foreign pig breeds, they can produce relatively large heterosis and genetic complementary effects. Moreover, China's local pig breeds possess rich genetic characteristics, so good crossbreeding results can be achieved. At present, China's local pig breeds are mostly used as the maternal parent for crossbreeding to produce commercial meat pigs, or directly used to produce foreign-breed commercial meat pigs, with the most representative models being the "one foreign and one local" two-way cross, the "two foreign and one local" three-way cross, and the "foreign three-way" cross model. At present, such crossbred pigs are the most widely raised in China. They combine the advantages of local pig breeds and "foreign" pig breeds, having both relatively high reproductive capacity and good meat quality, while also growing faster, having a relatively high lean meat percentage, being tolerant of extensive management, and having relatively low requirements for feeding environment and breeding technology.
3.2 The role of local pig breeds in improving meat quality
After entering the 21st century, with changes in domestic market supply and demand relationships and the diversification of market demand, requirements for product quality have become extremely prominent. In the breeding process, due to excessive emphasis on increasing lean meat percentage, one of the adverse consequences of the long-term development of the "foreign three-way" crossbreeding system is a marked decline in meat quality, namely coarse muscle fibers, lack of intramuscular fat, and absence of the aroma that pork should have. In contrast, the long-term selection and breeding of China's local pig breeds has made their meat delicious. First, it is tender and pleasant to the taste. The muscle fibers of Chinese local pig breeds are fine and small in diameter. After carcass maturation, the marbling is obvious and elegant in shape, forming a beautiful frost-flower-like pattern characterized by fineness, density, and evenness, which is exactly the key to high-quality meat. Second, it is rich, fatty, and juicy. For most domestic consumers, demand for high-quality pork (high intramuscular fat) has also emerged, and people have turned back to pork with high intramuscular fat produced by local pig breeds. The meat quality parameters measured in recent years are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Comparison of meat quality performance among different proportions of local pig breed bloodline
Bloodline proportion
Item
100％
50％
25％
０％
(Local pig)
(One foreign and one local)
(Two foreign and one local)
(Foreign three-way)
Number of heads
36
52
74
96
pH24
5.92
5.93
5.85
5.85
Storage loss (%)
0.83
3.46
4.91
6.29
Napole yield (%)
83.60
77.64
75.48
62.28
Lightness (L*)
47.70
48.23
50.05
52.08
Redness (a*)
13.64
10.46
10.39
9.80
Yellowness (b*)
1.12
1.84
2.37
2.22
Longissimus muscle fiber diameter (micrometers)
51.26
60.40
62.97
68.12
Note: Slaughter weight is based on the specificity of each local breed or crossbreed.
From Table 1, it can be seen that the pork indicators of China's local pig breeds are higher than those of crossbred varieties, indicating that the pork quality of China's local pig breeds has very strong advantages in pH, water-holding capacity, meat color, texture, and other aspects. However, pork quality decreases as the proportion of local pig bloodline decreases.
3.3 The role of local pig breeds in breeding new lines
With changes in people's ideas and the development of animal husbandry science and technology, the methods of crossbreeding utilization of pigs in China are also constantly changing. Local pig breeds have made great contributions to breeding new lines and have played an important role in raising the production level of China's pig industry. By utilizing the advantages of China's local pig breeds to breed new lines of high-quality pig breeds, during the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" and "Eighth Five-Year Plan" periods, the State Science and Technology Commission organized nationwide scientific and technological research on the selection and supporting research of specialized lines of lean pigs, and bred 25 new line pigs, of which 21 were maternal lines. In 2005, in the Yunnan Province scientific and technological research project "Breeding of High-grade Quality Lean Pig Synthetic Lines and Industrialization Research," after 13 years of selection and breeding, China's first pig synthetic line bred from specialized lines selected from local pig breeds was successfully developed - the Saba pig synthetic line. The Saba pig synthetic line fully utilized the complementary and interaction effects of the genetic resources of local pig breeds and introduced pig breeds. The experiment adopted a method combining closed herd with regular opening and combining individual with family selection to breed specialized lines, enabling the main production performance of the synthetic line pigs to reach a relatively high level, with stable inheritance. This synthetic line has passed the review of the National Pig Breed Approval Professional Committee. At the same time, driven by national research projects, after many years of selection and breeding, China has successively bred New Taihu pig, Six-line, Suzhong pig line, and new breeds such as Rongchang No. 1, New Dahe pig, and New Laiwu pig. The bred new maternal lines are composed of China's excellent local pig breeds and introduced foreign lean-type breeds in different proportions. According to the bloodline proportion of Chinese and foreign pig breeds, the new line pigs are divided into 5 types. The parental breed bloodline composition proportions of each line pig are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Parental breed bloodline proportions of new line pigs (%)
Type
Line name
Parental breed bloodline proportion
Bloodline of introduced foreign lean-type pig breeds
Bloodline of Chinese local pig breeds
Ⅰ
Rongchang pig lean-type line
25
75
Ⅱ
Chinese lean-type pig DVI line
Suzhong pig I line
Suzhong pig II line
50
50
50
50
50
50
Ⅲ
Jiaxing Black pig lean-type line
Sichuan White pig I line
62.5
62.5
37.5
37.5
Ⅳ
Xiangbai pig line
Zhongxu line
Songliao Black pig maternal line
73～75
73～75
73～75
27～25
27～25
27～25
Ⅴ
Chinese lean-type pig D line
Xiangbai pig line
High-yield lean-type pig line
80.5～87.5
80.5～87.5
80.5～87.5
19.5～12.5
19.5～12.5
19.5～12.5
From Table 2, it can be seen that China's local pig breeds play an important role in breeding new lines. The new lines retain the excellent traits of local pig breeds, thereby reaching a new level.
4 Summary
Judging from the current development trend of the pig industry, the development and utilization of China's excellent local pig breeds is insufficient and still difficult to adapt to the current needs of the pig industry form. Therefore, we must, based on local economic development, market demand, and the actual situation of the pig industry, use resource advantages and rely on scientific technologies such as molecular biotechnology, computer information technology, and the application of systems engineering theory to breed new lines. We should formulate breeding objectives, continuously improve the construction of the improved pig breed breeding system, determine breed direction, and realize the path of industrialized development of China's pig industry.
--------------------------------------
Is the original poster satisfied?