What disease factors cause low conception rates in sows?
What disease factors cause low conception rates in sows?
(Agricultural Wealth Network) What disease factors cause low conception rates in sows?
--------------------------------------
Porcine parvovirus disease. This disease affects the reproductive performance of sows, mainly depending on the stage at which the sow is infected with the virus. It generally causes sows to fail to come into heat, infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth, weak piglets, mummified fetuses, and a reduced number of piglets born. After empty sows are infected, it can affect normal estrus, and some sows will remain in persistent anestrus; after sows are infected in the early mating period, they will neither show signs of return to estrus nor become pregnant and give birth; after sows are infected in early pregnancy, it can cause early death of some embryos, which are then absorbed by the mother; after sows are infected in mid-to-late pregnancy, it can cause some fetuses to die midway, the fetal fluids are absorbed by the sow, the sow's abdominal circumference decreases, or stillbirth, weak piglets, mummified fetuses occur, or only a pitifully small number of piglets are born; generally, if a sow is infected with this disease after 70 days of pregnancy, although the sow can normally give birth to some piglets, the piglets usually carry the virus and become a new source of infection. To prevent porcine parvovirus disease, gilts or sows are generally immunized with porcine parvovirus vaccine before mating, 2 milliliters per sow. Gilts should be revaccinated once at an interval of 3 weeks.
--------------------------------------
Atypical swine fever. This disease causes a decline in pig immunity and causes reproductive disorders in sows. If a sow is infected before 10 days of gestation, it will cause early embryo death or absorption by the sow, and the sow will show return to estrus or a reduced number of piglets born; if a sow is infected from 10 days to 15 days of gestation, the number of stillbirths will increase; if infected in mid-to-late gestation, it will cause stillbirth and weak piglets, and the fetuses will show poor postnatal growth and development; if a sow is infected about one week before farrowing, although it does not affect the survival of piglets, it will affect the growth and development of piglets. To prevent atypical swine fever, gilts or sows should be immunized with swine fever vaccine 15 days to 30 days before mating, with a dose of 2 doses to 4 doses per sow.
--------------------------------------
Japanese encephalitis. This disease is mainly spread by mosquitoes and flies, and occurs frequently in summer. After boars are infected with Japanese encephalitis, the main manifestations are orchitis, decreased sexual function, and reduced semen quality; after sows are infected with Japanese encephalitis, in addition to sows being prone to acute miscarriage, multiparous sows with high antibody levels in the blood show difficulty in mating, miscarriage, stillbirth, and so on. Generally, for sows with stillbirth and mummified fetuses, the mortality rate of newborn piglets exceeds 40%, while that of multiparous sows is about 20%. To prevent Japanese encephalitis, breeding boars are generally immunized with Japanese encephalitis vaccine once in spring and once in autumn, and gilts should be revaccinated once at an interval of 3 weeks.
--------------------------------------
Leptospirosis. This disease can cause fetal death in pregnant sows, miscarriage, and reduced piglet survival rate. The incubation period of this disease is 1 week to 2 weeks. If a sow is infected in the first month of pregnancy, the fetuses are generally not affected; if infected in the second month, it causes fetal death, miscarriage, and mummified fetuses in the sow; if infected in the third month, it causes miscarriage, weak piglets, and reduced piglet survival rate in the sow. To prevent leptospirosis, in areas where the disease commonly occurs, sows can be immunized with leptospira bacterin before mating; when the pathogen type has not been identified, sows should be vaccinated with a multivalent vaccine.
--------------------------------------
Chlamydia psittaci disease. This disease is generally endemic. The excreta and secretions of diseased pigs and latently infected pigs can carry the pathogen and transmit it. This disease can harm pigs of all ages, but pregnant sows are the most susceptible. The pathogen can penetrate the placental barrier into the uterus, causing fetal death. Generally, first-parity sows and young sows not only show obvious symptoms but also have a relatively higher incidence, while multiparous sows generally show no obvious symptoms and only exhibit stillbirth. To prevent Chlamydia psittaci disease, the focus should be on preventing the introduction of the disease. In areas where it is endemic, chlamydia vaccine should be administered from suckling piglets to breeding pigs.
--------------------------------------
Brucellosis. This disease easily infects adult boars and adult sows, causing acute or chronic orchitis and epididymitis in boars; and causing miscarriage, stillbirth, and weak piglets in sows. To prevent this disease, the focus should be on preventing the introduction of the disease. In old epidemic areas where the disease is prevalent, screening and treatment of breeding pigs should be strengthened, and regular vaccination should be carried out.
--------------------------------------
Blue ear disease (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome). This disease most easily infects pregnant sows and piglets within 1 month of age. Sows show emaciation, anorexia, blue discoloration of the abdomen and udder, miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, and weak piglets. To prevent this disease, the focus should be on preventing the introduction of the disease. Sows can be vaccinated against blue ear disease before and after weaning, 3 milliliters per sow.
--------------------------------------
Porcine eperythrozoonosis. Pigs of all ages can be infected with this disease. After sows are infected, it causes anemia, emaciation, diarrhea, miscarriage, stillbirth, and low conception rate. To prevent this disease, the main measures are to do a good job of cleaning and hygiene in pig houses in summer, eliminate mosquitoes, flies, and blood-sucking insects, and prevent blood-sucking insects from biting sows and transmitting the disease.
--------------------------------------
Toxoplasmosis. This disease can cause miscarriage in pregnant sows, stillbirth, weak piglets, and acute postnatal death of piglets.
--------------------------------------
Porcine parvovirus disease. This disease affects the reproductive performance of sows, mainly depending on the stage at which the sow is infected with the virus. It generally causes sows to fail to come into heat, infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth, weak piglets, mummified fetuses, and a reduced number of piglets born. After empty sows are infected, it can affect normal estrus, and some sows will remain in persistent anestrus; after sows are infected in the early mating period, they will neither show signs of return to estrus nor become pregnant and give birth; after sows are infected in early pregnancy, it can cause early death of some embryos, which are then absorbed by the mother; after sows are infected in mid-to-late pregnancy, it can cause some fetuses to die midway, the fetal fluids are absorbed by the sow, the sow's abdominal circumference decreases, or stillbirth, weak piglets, mummified fetuses occur, or only a pitifully small number of piglets are born; generally, if a sow is infected with this disease after 70 days of pregnancy, although the sow can normally give birth to some piglets, the piglets usually carry the virus and become a new source of infection. To prevent porcine parvovirus disease, gilts or sows are generally immunized with porcine parvovirus vaccine before mating, 2 milliliters per sow. Gilts should be revaccinated once at an interval of 3 weeks.
--------------------------------------
Atypical swine fever. This disease causes a decline in pig immunity and causes reproductive disorders in sows. If a sow is infected before 10 days of gestation, it will cause early embryo death or absorption by the sow, and the sow will show return to estrus or a reduced number of piglets born; if a sow is infected from 10 days to 15 days of gestation, the number of stillbirths will increase; if infected in mid-to-late gestation, it will cause stillbirth and weak piglets, and the fetuses will show poor postnatal growth and development; if a sow is infected about one week before farrowing, although it does not affect the survival of piglets, it will affect the growth and development of piglets. To prevent atypical swine fever, gilts or sows should be immunized with swine fever vaccine 15 days to 30 days before mating, with a dose of 2 doses to 4 doses per sow.
--------------------------------------
Japanese encephalitis. This disease is mainly spread by mosquitoes and flies, and occurs frequently in summer. After boars are infected with Japanese encephalitis, the main manifestations are orchitis, decreased sexual function, and reduced semen quality; after sows are infected with Japanese encephalitis, in addition to sows being prone to acute miscarriage, multiparous sows with high antibody levels in the blood show difficulty in mating, miscarriage, stillbirth, and so on. Generally, for sows with stillbirth and mummified fetuses, the mortality rate of newborn piglets exceeds 40%, while that of multiparous sows is about 20%. To prevent Japanese encephalitis, breeding boars are generally immunized with Japanese encephalitis vaccine once in spring and once in autumn, and gilts should be revaccinated once at an interval of 3 weeks.
--------------------------------------
Leptospirosis. This disease can cause fetal death in pregnant sows, miscarriage, and reduced piglet survival rate. The incubation period of this disease is 1 week to 2 weeks. If a sow is infected in the first month of pregnancy, the fetuses are generally not affected; if infected in the second month, it causes fetal death, miscarriage, and mummified fetuses in the sow; if infected in the third month, it causes miscarriage, weak piglets, and reduced piglet survival rate in the sow. To prevent leptospirosis, in areas where the disease commonly occurs, sows can be immunized with leptospira bacterin before mating; when the pathogen type has not been identified, sows should be vaccinated with a multivalent vaccine.
--------------------------------------
Chlamydia psittaci disease. This disease is generally endemic. The excreta and secretions of diseased pigs and latently infected pigs can carry the pathogen and transmit it. This disease can harm pigs of all ages, but pregnant sows are the most susceptible. The pathogen can penetrate the placental barrier into the uterus, causing fetal death. Generally, first-parity sows and young sows not only show obvious symptoms but also have a relatively higher incidence, while multiparous sows generally show no obvious symptoms and only exhibit stillbirth. To prevent Chlamydia psittaci disease, the focus should be on preventing the introduction of the disease. In areas where it is endemic, chlamydia vaccine should be administered from suckling piglets to breeding pigs.
--------------------------------------
Brucellosis. This disease easily infects adult boars and adult sows, causing acute or chronic orchitis and epididymitis in boars; and causing miscarriage, stillbirth, and weak piglets in sows. To prevent this disease, the focus should be on preventing the introduction of the disease. In old epidemic areas where the disease is prevalent, screening and treatment of breeding pigs should be strengthened, and regular vaccination should be carried out.
--------------------------------------
Blue ear disease (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome). This disease most easily infects pregnant sows and piglets within 1 month of age. Sows show emaciation, anorexia, blue discoloration of the abdomen and udder, miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, and weak piglets. To prevent this disease, the focus should be on preventing the introduction of the disease. Sows can be vaccinated against blue ear disease before and after weaning, 3 milliliters per sow.
--------------------------------------
Porcine eperythrozoonosis. Pigs of all ages can be infected with this disease. After sows are infected, it causes anemia, emaciation, diarrhea, miscarriage, stillbirth, and low conception rate. To prevent this disease, the main measures are to do a good job of cleaning and hygiene in pig houses in summer, eliminate mosquitoes, flies, and blood-sucking insects, and prevent blood-sucking insects from biting sows and transmitting the disease.
--------------------------------------
Toxoplasmosis. This disease can cause miscarriage in pregnant sows, stillbirth, weak piglets, and acute postnatal death of piglets.