What are the winter feeding and management techniques for deer?
Seeking winter feeding and management techniques for deer?
(Agricultural Wealth Network) Seeking winter feeding and management techniques for deer?
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I. Feeding and management of male deer during the wintering period
The wintering period of male deer includes the post-mating recovery period and the pre-velvet growth period, from early November to late March of the following year. This is the cold winter season, when deer neither mate nor grow velvet, and are in a non-productive season. Due to the physical energy consumption during the mating period and seasonal weight loss, the deer's constitution is relatively weak. During the wintering period, feed intake increases and the constitution recovers quickly. For old, weak, sick and disabled deer, increased nutrition should be considered. At the same time, increasing nutrition in the pre-velvet growth period can also advance the shedding of the velvet cast, laying a foundation for velvet growth.
1. Gradually restore nutrition to ensure safe wintering. After December, the libido of deer gradually decreases and appetite gradually increases. Because it is in the cold winter, physical energy consumption is also relatively large. Deer farms should gradually increase the supplementation of concentrated feed. The general supplementation amount is 1.1-1.4 kg for adult sika deer bucks and 2.0-2.5 kg for red deer, while also providing sufficient roughage. In winter, green roughage is lacking, so tree leaves, straw, silage and other materials can be used for feeding, while also ensuring drinking water, preferably warm water. In the pre-velvet growth period, the amount of concentrated feed should also be appropriately increased to prepare for the shedding of the velvet cast and velvet growth.
2. Adjust the deer herd and cull old, weak and low-yield deer. Winter is the season that tests the body condition of deer. Deer farms should, according to actual conditions, appropriately cull old and weak deer and those with too low velvet production. Deer with good velvet production but old and weak should be grouped separately to prevent deaths caused by old and weak deer being unable to access feed.
3. Prevent dampness, keep warm and maintain hygiene. There is more rain and snow in winter, and it is damp and cold. Deer farms should promptly clean the pens and keep them clean and dry to prevent deer from slipping and falling and causing unnecessary injuries and deaths. Where conditions permit, dry bedding straw should be spread in the pens to create a warm and comfortable environment. At the same time, the herd should be driven out on sunny days to allow the deer appropriate exercise and maintain healthy and vigorous vitality.
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II. Feeding and management of female deer during pregnancy
From December to April of the following year is the period when female deer are pregnant and the embryo grows and develops in the mother's uterus into a mature fetus. During this period, in addition to maintaining their own physical needs, female deer must also supply various nutrients to the fetus so that the fetus can grow and develop healthily.
1. Strengthen nutrition by stages. In the early stage of pregnancy, the nutritional needs of female deer mainly focus on quality. In production, a variety of feed ingredients should be selected for feed formulation and balanced mixing, so that energy, protein, mineral elements and vitamin nutrition can all meet the needs of the female deer and fetus. In the late stage of pregnancy, concentrate feed should be guaranteed for body condition and the feeding amount increased. At the same time, the volume of the daily ration should be considered to prevent the deer from eating too much and pressing the fetus. An appropriate body condition should also be maintained to prevent excessive fatness causing difficult birth.
2. Create a comfortable living environment. It is not advisable to raise too many female deer per pen, so as to avoid crowding or even miscarriage. During pregnancy, the deer farm should remain quiet. The pens should be kept clean and dry.
3. Provide appropriate exercise and do pre-birth work well. Pregnant female deer exercise less in winter, so the herd should be driven regularly every day for taming. In the late stage of pregnancy, nursing pens should be set up, pens repaired, bedding straw added, and so on, to prepare for the smooth birth of the female deer.
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I. Feeding and management of male deer during the wintering period
The wintering period of male deer includes the post-mating recovery period and the pre-velvet growth period, from early November to late March of the following year. This is the cold winter season, when deer neither mate nor grow velvet, and are in a non-productive season. Due to the physical energy consumption during the mating period and seasonal weight loss, the deer's constitution is relatively weak. During the wintering period, feed intake increases and the constitution recovers quickly. For old, weak, sick and disabled deer, increased nutrition should be considered. At the same time, increasing nutrition in the pre-velvet growth period can also advance the shedding of the velvet cast, laying a foundation for velvet growth.
1. Gradually restore nutrition to ensure safe wintering. After December, the libido of deer gradually decreases and appetite gradually increases. Because it is in the cold winter, physical energy consumption is also relatively large. Deer farms should gradually increase the supplementation of concentrated feed. The general supplementation amount is 1.1-1.4 kg for adult sika deer bucks and 2.0-2.5 kg for red deer, while also providing sufficient roughage. In winter, green roughage is lacking, so tree leaves, straw, silage and other materials can be used for feeding, while also ensuring drinking water, preferably warm water. In the pre-velvet growth period, the amount of concentrated feed should also be appropriately increased to prepare for the shedding of the velvet cast and velvet growth.
2. Adjust the deer herd and cull old, weak and low-yield deer. Winter is the season that tests the body condition of deer. Deer farms should, according to actual conditions, appropriately cull old and weak deer and those with too low velvet production. Deer with good velvet production but old and weak should be grouped separately to prevent deaths caused by old and weak deer being unable to access feed.
3. Prevent dampness, keep warm and maintain hygiene. There is more rain and snow in winter, and it is damp and cold. Deer farms should promptly clean the pens and keep them clean and dry to prevent deer from slipping and falling and causing unnecessary injuries and deaths. Where conditions permit, dry bedding straw should be spread in the pens to create a warm and comfortable environment. At the same time, the herd should be driven out on sunny days to allow the deer appropriate exercise and maintain healthy and vigorous vitality.
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II. Feeding and management of female deer during pregnancy
From December to April of the following year is the period when female deer are pregnant and the embryo grows and develops in the mother's uterus into a mature fetus. During this period, in addition to maintaining their own physical needs, female deer must also supply various nutrients to the fetus so that the fetus can grow and develop healthily.
1. Strengthen nutrition by stages. In the early stage of pregnancy, the nutritional needs of female deer mainly focus on quality. In production, a variety of feed ingredients should be selected for feed formulation and balanced mixing, so that energy, protein, mineral elements and vitamin nutrition can all meet the needs of the female deer and fetus. In the late stage of pregnancy, concentrate feed should be guaranteed for body condition and the feeding amount increased. At the same time, the volume of the daily ration should be considered to prevent the deer from eating too much and pressing the fetus. An appropriate body condition should also be maintained to prevent excessive fatness causing difficult birth.
2. Create a comfortable living environment. It is not advisable to raise too many female deer per pen, so as to avoid crowding or even miscarriage. During pregnancy, the deer farm should remain quiet. The pens should be kept clean and dry.
3. Provide appropriate exercise and do pre-birth work well. Pregnant female deer exercise less in winter, so the herd should be driven regularly every day for taming. In the late stage of pregnancy, nursing pens should be set up, pens repaired, bedding straw added, and so on, to prepare for the smooth birth of the female deer.