How do you learn wild boar farming techniques? Detailed guidance needed
Seeking wild boar farming techniques
(Agricultural Wealth Network) Seeking wild boar farming techniques
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Nutrition and feeding management of wild boars
Special wild boars are a new breed that continues to sell well in the farming industry. They mainly eat green grass, corn stalks, sweet potatoes and other green feed, with extremely low cost, only one third that of domestic pigs. Moreover, the meat is especially tender, fresh and aromatic, with a lean meat rate as high as 85%. They are truly safe meat and green nourishing food, and are the preferred breed for investors. Based on many years of technical experience in wild boar farming at our Tianyan Farming Company.
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I. Management of newborn wild boars: Feeding management goal: improve the survival rate of suckling piglets and weaning litter weight.
(1) Physiological characteristics of suckling piglets
1. The digestive organs are underdeveloped and small in capacity, and digestive function is incomplete, so they can only use nutrients with very high digestibility: 2. The ability to regulate body temperature is poor, so good warmth preservation work should be done. The suitable temperature for piglets is 30-32 degrees at 1-3 days of age, 28-30 degrees at 4-10 days of age, and 26-28 degrees at 11-30 days of age. 3. Newborn wild boars should have their teeth clipped and be given 0.5 ml of gentamicin before being allowed to suckle, in order to prevent diarrhea in suckling pigs. 4. After one week, add pelleted feed for suckling pigs, mainly to promote the development of the piglets' gastrointestinal tract, relieve itching of the piglets' gums, and reduce stress after weaning. Sprinkle a small amount of suckling pig pelleted feed on a clean wooden board, adding little but often. 5. Artificially wean early. However, wild boars have underdeveloped mammary glands, small milk yield, and short milk let-down time. If weaned too early, piglets are likely to be small, weak in constitution, poor in environmental adaptability and gastrointestinal function, and prone to disease. In order to allow early mating and bring piglets to market earlier, artificial early weaning is used. Wild boar piglets should preferably be weaned at 45 days. Because wild boars have underdeveloped mammary glands, small milk yield, and short milk let-down time, if weaned too early, piglets are likely to be small, weak in constitution, and poor in environmental adaptability.
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(2) Immunization program for suckling pigs
1. 7-15 days of age; intramuscular injection of inactivated vaccine for enzootic pneumonia and attenuated vaccine for blue ear disease.
2. At 20 days of age, intramuscular injection of the triple vaccine for swine fever, swine erysipelas, and swine pasteurellosis.
3. 25-30 days of age; intramuscular injection of pseudorabies vaccine.
4. At 30 days of age; intramuscular injection of infectious rhinitis vaccine.
5. At 60 days of age; triple vaccine for swine fever, swine erysipelas, and swine pasteurellosis.
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(3) Feed technology ratio
Wild boars are naturally tolerant of coarse feed and like eating green grass, green vegetables, etc. Green feed accounts for 70%, and their food intake is small. Special wild boars eat relatively little, generally fed 2 times a day, like raw food, and have omnivorous feeding habits. Various weeds, vegetable leaves, plant roots and stems, and crop straw can all be used as wild boar feed. Wild boars especially like eating green feed, which can account for more than 60% of the daily ration. With a small amount of concentrated feed, robust wild boars can be raised. The following introduces several feeds for wild boars.
Green feed: commonly used ones include alfalfa, purple celery root, amaranth, sweet potato vines and leaves, corn stalks, etc. Green feed has high crude protein content and high digestibility, contains comprehensive amino acids, is rich in vitamins, good in quality, and highly utilized. 2. Root tuber, stem tuber and melon-fruit feeds, including sweet potato, potato, pumpkin, carrot, etc. This type of feed is crisp, tender and juicy, can stimulate appetite, and has high organic matter digestibility. It plays an important role in improving the nutritional composition of the daily ration and increasing digestibility. However, it should not be fed alone. It must be used together with roughage and concentrated feed, and protein feed must also be supplemented, in order to achieve the feeding effect. 3. Concentrated feed generally consists of energy feeds such as corn, sorghum, barley, rice grain, sweet potato and other cereal grains. The crude protein content is relatively low, only 7%-11%. Due to the unbalanced nutritional structure, it should not be used alone as wild boar feed. It must be combined with protein feed and nutrient additives to make the daily ration comprehensive and balanced in nutrition. Examples include protein feeds such as soybean cake, peanut cake, cottonseed cake, bone and meat meal, and fish meal, as well as nutrient additives such as vitamins, amino acids, minerals and trace elements. Among animal protein feeds, fish meal is the most widely used animal feed, with a protein content of 40%-60%. It is especially useful in supplying methionine and lysine and has high nutritional value; bone and meat meal, blood meal, silkworm pupae, etc. are also good animal protein feeds and can be mixed in as ingredients of compound feed according to need and conditions.
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1. Weaned suckling pigs
Corn meal 41%, bran 10%, peanut meal 10%, fish meal 3%, coarse chaff 20%, shell powder 2%, growth promoter 1%, trace elements 0.5%, salt 0.5%, soybean meal 12%, multivitamins 20 grams.
2. Medium and large wild boars
Corn meal: 22%, wheat bran: 30%, soybean residue or a little soybean: 5%, Sanqi bran: 22%, green feed: 20%, amino acids (per head per day): 15-40 grams, iodized salt: 0.5%, bone meal: 0.5%.
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(4) Emphasize epidemic prevention
Many farmers do not pay attention to using vaccines or mechanically copy others, and their use is nonstandard and unscientific. Scientific immunization should be based on local epidemic conditions to formulate a complete immunization program. They do not pay attention to pig house hygiene and environmental disinfection. Wild boars have more excrement, which easily causes the reproduction of bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms. If wild boar house hygiene can be maintained, the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms will be minimized, and disease transmission can be eliminated. However, at present, most farms have poor hygiene, with sewage flowing everywhere, stench filling the air, and many mosquitoes and flies, which very easily causes epidemics and outbreaks and affects farming benefits. Although wild boars have stronger disease resistance and disease tolerance than domestic pigs, there are still many basic points that must be mastered. During farming, attention should be paid to technical learning, and timely observation should be made of changes in wild boars' mental state, feed intake, drinking water intake, activity, and urination and defecation, so that emerging problems cannot be solved in time. Due to differences in technology and management, their reproductive rate, survival rate, growth speed, and economic benefits also differ greatly.
In addition, some farmers have weak awareness of hygiene and epidemic prevention, allow idle people to visit the farm at will, and rarely take disinfection measures. In fact, disinfection is the simplest, most effective, and most fundamental measure to prevent disease occurrence. Pigs have more excrement, which easily causes the reproduction of bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms. Farms have poor hygiene, with sewage flowing everywhere, stench filling the air, and many mosquitoes and flies. This very easily causes epidemics and outbreaks and affects farming benefits.
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(5) Emphasize technical learning and technical training
Although wild boars have stronger disease resistance and disease tolerance than domestic pigs, there are still many basic points that must be mastered. Some farmers did not undergo professional training when introducing breeding stock, which led to the above problems during the farming process. They cannot timely observe changes in wild boars' mental state, feed intake, drinking water intake, activity, and urination and defecation, so emerging problems cannot be solved in time. Due to differences in technology and management, their reproductive rate, survival rate, growth speed, and economic benefits also differ greatly.
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II. Estrus and mating of wild boars
Wild boars have coarse and sparse hair, generally gray or grayish yellow. Adult sows weigh 90 kg-130 kg and are sensitive to the external environment. Female wild boars generally have 6-7 pairs of teats, produce 2.5 litters per year, and generally 10-15 piglets per litter. The suitable mating time is 5-6 months after birth, with a body weight of 40 kg-60 kg. When female wild boars are in estrus, the principle is generally to mate first-time sows earlier and multiparous sows later. When wild boars are in estrus, the external genitalia are obviously red and swollen. When the external genitalia change from red to dark purple, from swollen to slightly wrinkled, or when the sow stands still after pressing her rump with the hand, it is the best mating time. During mating, the mating time for male and female wild boars requires about several minutes, slightly longer than that for domestic pigs. According to experience, it is best to use repeat mating, that is, mating again after an interval of 6 hours-8 hours. This can significantly increase the conception rate of sows. When female wild boars are in estrus and suitable for mating, the method of driving the boar into the sow pen for 1 day-2 days can also be used. At this time, the male wild boar can mount and mate multiple times at night. After confirming successful mating, drive the male wild boar out. After 20 days, observe again whether the female wild boar is still in estrus. Generally, the estrous cycle of female wild boars is 18 days. If there is no estrus, it proves that the wild boar has mated successfully.
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III. Breeding pig selection
Farms and households engaged in wild boar farming must have 1-2 purebred wild boars. As the saying goes: if the sow is good, one litter is good; if the boar is good, a whole slope is good. This shows the importance of breeding boars. Selecting good breeding wild boars is of vital significance to the quality of offspring. Generally, purebred wild boars that conform to wild boar characteristics, such as long body, high legs, and pointed snout, are selected as breeding pigs. If the offspring produced by special wild boars crossed from wild boars and domestic pigs are retained for breeding, the bred offspring will show atavism, that is, the produced pigs will partly resemble domestic pigs rather than wild boars in appearance. Therefore, special wild boars from two-way crosses should not be retained for breeding. If limited by conditions and special wild boars must be used as breeding boars, then three-way cross special wild boars with more than 70% wild boar bloodline should be selected as breeding pigs, and inbreeding should also be prevented in terms of blood relationship. In this way, their offspring will have strong disease resistance and grow rapidly.
--------------------------------------
Nutrition and feeding management of wild boars
Special wild boars are a new breed that continues to sell well in the farming industry. They mainly eat green grass, corn stalks, sweet potatoes and other green feed, with extremely low cost, only one third that of domestic pigs. Moreover, the meat is especially tender, fresh and aromatic, with a lean meat rate as high as 85%. They are truly safe meat and green nourishing food, and are the preferred breed for investors. Based on many years of technical experience in wild boar farming at our Tianyan Farming Company.
--------------------------------------
I. Management of newborn wild boars: Feeding management goal: improve the survival rate of suckling piglets and weaning litter weight.
(1) Physiological characteristics of suckling piglets
1. The digestive organs are underdeveloped and small in capacity, and digestive function is incomplete, so they can only use nutrients with very high digestibility: 2. The ability to regulate body temperature is poor, so good warmth preservation work should be done. The suitable temperature for piglets is 30-32 degrees at 1-3 days of age, 28-30 degrees at 4-10 days of age, and 26-28 degrees at 11-30 days of age. 3. Newborn wild boars should have their teeth clipped and be given 0.5 ml of gentamicin before being allowed to suckle, in order to prevent diarrhea in suckling pigs. 4. After one week, add pelleted feed for suckling pigs, mainly to promote the development of the piglets' gastrointestinal tract, relieve itching of the piglets' gums, and reduce stress after weaning. Sprinkle a small amount of suckling pig pelleted feed on a clean wooden board, adding little but often. 5. Artificially wean early. However, wild boars have underdeveloped mammary glands, small milk yield, and short milk let-down time. If weaned too early, piglets are likely to be small, weak in constitution, poor in environmental adaptability and gastrointestinal function, and prone to disease. In order to allow early mating and bring piglets to market earlier, artificial early weaning is used. Wild boar piglets should preferably be weaned at 45 days. Because wild boars have underdeveloped mammary glands, small milk yield, and short milk let-down time, if weaned too early, piglets are likely to be small, weak in constitution, and poor in environmental adaptability.
--------------------------------------
(2) Immunization program for suckling pigs
1. 7-15 days of age; intramuscular injection of inactivated vaccine for enzootic pneumonia and attenuated vaccine for blue ear disease.
2. At 20 days of age, intramuscular injection of the triple vaccine for swine fever, swine erysipelas, and swine pasteurellosis.
3. 25-30 days of age; intramuscular injection of pseudorabies vaccine.
4. At 30 days of age; intramuscular injection of infectious rhinitis vaccine.
5. At 60 days of age; triple vaccine for swine fever, swine erysipelas, and swine pasteurellosis.
--------------------------------------
(3) Feed technology ratio
Wild boars are naturally tolerant of coarse feed and like eating green grass, green vegetables, etc. Green feed accounts for 70%, and their food intake is small. Special wild boars eat relatively little, generally fed 2 times a day, like raw food, and have omnivorous feeding habits. Various weeds, vegetable leaves, plant roots and stems, and crop straw can all be used as wild boar feed. Wild boars especially like eating green feed, which can account for more than 60% of the daily ration. With a small amount of concentrated feed, robust wild boars can be raised. The following introduces several feeds for wild boars.
Green feed: commonly used ones include alfalfa, purple celery root, amaranth, sweet potato vines and leaves, corn stalks, etc. Green feed has high crude protein content and high digestibility, contains comprehensive amino acids, is rich in vitamins, good in quality, and highly utilized. 2. Root tuber, stem tuber and melon-fruit feeds, including sweet potato, potato, pumpkin, carrot, etc. This type of feed is crisp, tender and juicy, can stimulate appetite, and has high organic matter digestibility. It plays an important role in improving the nutritional composition of the daily ration and increasing digestibility. However, it should not be fed alone. It must be used together with roughage and concentrated feed, and protein feed must also be supplemented, in order to achieve the feeding effect. 3. Concentrated feed generally consists of energy feeds such as corn, sorghum, barley, rice grain, sweet potato and other cereal grains. The crude protein content is relatively low, only 7%-11%. Due to the unbalanced nutritional structure, it should not be used alone as wild boar feed. It must be combined with protein feed and nutrient additives to make the daily ration comprehensive and balanced in nutrition. Examples include protein feeds such as soybean cake, peanut cake, cottonseed cake, bone and meat meal, and fish meal, as well as nutrient additives such as vitamins, amino acids, minerals and trace elements. Among animal protein feeds, fish meal is the most widely used animal feed, with a protein content of 40%-60%. It is especially useful in supplying methionine and lysine and has high nutritional value; bone and meat meal, blood meal, silkworm pupae, etc. are also good animal protein feeds and can be mixed in as ingredients of compound feed according to need and conditions.
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1. Weaned suckling pigs
Corn meal 41%, bran 10%, peanut meal 10%, fish meal 3%, coarse chaff 20%, shell powder 2%, growth promoter 1%, trace elements 0.5%, salt 0.5%, soybean meal 12%, multivitamins 20 grams.
2. Medium and large wild boars
Corn meal: 22%, wheat bran: 30%, soybean residue or a little soybean: 5%, Sanqi bran: 22%, green feed: 20%, amino acids (per head per day): 15-40 grams, iodized salt: 0.5%, bone meal: 0.5%.
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(4) Emphasize epidemic prevention
Many farmers do not pay attention to using vaccines or mechanically copy others, and their use is nonstandard and unscientific. Scientific immunization should be based on local epidemic conditions to formulate a complete immunization program. They do not pay attention to pig house hygiene and environmental disinfection. Wild boars have more excrement, which easily causes the reproduction of bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms. If wild boar house hygiene can be maintained, the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms will be minimized, and disease transmission can be eliminated. However, at present, most farms have poor hygiene, with sewage flowing everywhere, stench filling the air, and many mosquitoes and flies, which very easily causes epidemics and outbreaks and affects farming benefits. Although wild boars have stronger disease resistance and disease tolerance than domestic pigs, there are still many basic points that must be mastered. During farming, attention should be paid to technical learning, and timely observation should be made of changes in wild boars' mental state, feed intake, drinking water intake, activity, and urination and defecation, so that emerging problems cannot be solved in time. Due to differences in technology and management, their reproductive rate, survival rate, growth speed, and economic benefits also differ greatly.
In addition, some farmers have weak awareness of hygiene and epidemic prevention, allow idle people to visit the farm at will, and rarely take disinfection measures. In fact, disinfection is the simplest, most effective, and most fundamental measure to prevent disease occurrence. Pigs have more excrement, which easily causes the reproduction of bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms. Farms have poor hygiene, with sewage flowing everywhere, stench filling the air, and many mosquitoes and flies. This very easily causes epidemics and outbreaks and affects farming benefits.
--------------------------------------
(5) Emphasize technical learning and technical training
Although wild boars have stronger disease resistance and disease tolerance than domestic pigs, there are still many basic points that must be mastered. Some farmers did not undergo professional training when introducing breeding stock, which led to the above problems during the farming process. They cannot timely observe changes in wild boars' mental state, feed intake, drinking water intake, activity, and urination and defecation, so emerging problems cannot be solved in time. Due to differences in technology and management, their reproductive rate, survival rate, growth speed, and economic benefits also differ greatly.
--------------------------------------
II. Estrus and mating of wild boars
Wild boars have coarse and sparse hair, generally gray or grayish yellow. Adult sows weigh 90 kg-130 kg and are sensitive to the external environment. Female wild boars generally have 6-7 pairs of teats, produce 2.5 litters per year, and generally 10-15 piglets per litter. The suitable mating time is 5-6 months after birth, with a body weight of 40 kg-60 kg. When female wild boars are in estrus, the principle is generally to mate first-time sows earlier and multiparous sows later. When wild boars are in estrus, the external genitalia are obviously red and swollen. When the external genitalia change from red to dark purple, from swollen to slightly wrinkled, or when the sow stands still after pressing her rump with the hand, it is the best mating time. During mating, the mating time for male and female wild boars requires about several minutes, slightly longer than that for domestic pigs. According to experience, it is best to use repeat mating, that is, mating again after an interval of 6 hours-8 hours. This can significantly increase the conception rate of sows. When female wild boars are in estrus and suitable for mating, the method of driving the boar into the sow pen for 1 day-2 days can also be used. At this time, the male wild boar can mount and mate multiple times at night. After confirming successful mating, drive the male wild boar out. After 20 days, observe again whether the female wild boar is still in estrus. Generally, the estrous cycle of female wild boars is 18 days. If there is no estrus, it proves that the wild boar has mated successfully.
--------------------------------------
III. Breeding pig selection
Farms and households engaged in wild boar farming must have 1-2 purebred wild boars. As the saying goes: if the sow is good, one litter is good; if the boar is good, a whole slope is good. This shows the importance of breeding boars. Selecting good breeding wild boars is of vital significance to the quality of offspring. Generally, purebred wild boars that conform to wild boar characteristics, such as long body, high legs, and pointed snout, are selected as breeding pigs. If the offspring produced by special wild boars crossed from wild boars and domestic pigs are retained for breeding, the bred offspring will show atavism, that is, the produced pigs will partly resemble domestic pigs rather than wild boars in appearance. Therefore, special wild boars from two-way crosses should not be retained for breeding. If limited by conditions and special wild boars must be used as breeding boars, then three-way cross special wild boars with more than 70% wild boar bloodline should be selected as breeding pigs, and inbreeding should also be prevented in terms of blood relationship. In this way, their offspring will have strong disease resistance and grow rapidly.