What are the deworming treatment methods for bovine fascioliasis?
Deworming treatment for bovine fascioliasis
(Agricultural Wealth Network) Bovine fascioliasis (also known as bovine liver fluke or willow leaf fluke) is a chronic parasitic infestation, and is the most widely distributed and most harmful parasitic disease of cattle in our province. According to our many years of observation records from cattle slaughterhouses in Guangxi State-owned Xinqiao Farm and four counties (cities) and two districts of Maoming City, the infection rate reaches 65%-95% in water buffaloes and 55%-65% in yellow cattle, and the infection rate is even higher in areas prone to flooding or with lower terrain.
The bovine liver fluke is flat and leaf-shaped like a melon seed, and can also be as large as a broad bean, with a color like that of the liver. It can survive for as long as 3-5 years parasitizing the liver and bile ducts of cattle, often causing chronic indigestion, anemia, emaciation and a series of deteriorations in nutritional condition in the host draft cattle, such as dry skin, rough and disheveled hair, easy shedding of hair, yellowing of the eyes, subcutaneous edema in the neck, chest or abdomen, and weakness and fatigue, thereby affecting the draft capacity and reproductive performance of the cattle. Especially in the cold winter season, if supplementary feed is insufficient and management is poor, and the climate changes abruptly, the draft cattle are very likely to become emaciated and even die.
To confirm a diagnosis of this disease, microscopic examination of feces for the presence of eggs can be used. According to our many years of experience, deworming for bovine liver fluke once before the cold winter season arrives each year is a good measure for promoting fattening, protecting the fetus and improving the physical condition of draft cattle. Because there is less rain in autumn and winter, the eggs are difficult to hatch, which greatly reduces the chances of repeated infection of draft cattle. At the same time, the draft labor of the cattle is lighter, and green grass, green feed and sugarcane leaves are still relatively abundant, which is conducive to promoting fattening and improving the therapeutic effect.
I. Drug treatment
There are quite a few deworming drugs for bovine liver fluke. Several commonly used deworming drugs and their methods of use are introduced as follows:
1. Albendazole (also known as propylthiobenzimidazole, anthelmintic, and intestinal worm clearing): This product is a broad-spectrum deworming drug. It has the advantages of high efficacy, low toxicity, safety and convenience of use against bovine liver fluke. Its pharmacological action is that it can selectively and irreversibly inhibit the uptake of glucose by the worm body, deplete the endogenous glycogen in the worm body, and inhibit fumarate reductase, hindering the production of adenosine triphosphate, thereby causing the worm body's energy source to be exhausted and leading to death. After feeding, the drug is absorbed very little in the intestinal tract; 95% is not absorbed orally and acts directly on adult worms and eggs in the intestine, being excreted with feces within 24 hours; the absorbed 5% is rapidly metabolized in the liver into sulfone and sulfoxide, and the latter can kill larvae in tissues, adult worms and eggs in the intestinal tract, and is excreted through the kidneys within 48 hours, with no cumulative effect in the body. The oral dose per kilogram of live weight is 20-30 mg (if direct injection into the third stomach is used, the dose is halved), and the deworming rate against bovine liver fluke can reach about 95%, the deworming rate against roundworms can reach about 99%, and the effect against Haemonchus contortus and abdominal filarial worms is also relatively good.
2. Bilevon (domestic Bayer 9015, also called Bilevon): per kilogram of live weight: 2-4 mg for water buffaloes and 4-6 mg for yellow cattle. This drug has good safety and is also effective against larvae, with a deworming rate of about 75%.
3. Traditional Chinese medicine Guanzhong decoction: 1 jin of Guanzhong and Pteris multifida, 0.2 kg of red poria, and 5 kg of water, slowly decocted with a slow fire into 2 kg of medicinal liquid. After removing the residue, administer orally at a calculation of 1 ml per kilogram of body weight, and feed again once after 3 weeks. It has good safety, with a deworming rate of about 65%.
4. Hexachloroethane: calculated at 0.2-0.4 g of hexachloroethane per kilogram of live weight; large water buffaloes generally use 50-60 g, and yellow cattle generally use 20-30 g. Because this drug is a powder, when using it the drug can be placed in a bamboo tube with a slanted opening, with an appropriate amount of water first placed in the tube. When administering the drug, one person can help hold the cow's nose, and after opening the cow's mouth, one person pours the bamboo tube directly into the mouth, using the water in the bamboo tube to wash the drug into the esophagus. This drug has few side effects, but after feeding there is a phenomenon of reduced appetite, and individual cattle are relatively prone to bloating (which can slowly recover on its own). The deworming rate of a single administration is about 75%.
II. Prevention
The spread of this disease is mainly caused by the dispersal of eggs in feces. Therefore, cattle feces should be composted and fermented to kill the eggs before being used as fertilizer. Where conditions permit and grassland management is strengthened, 1:5000 ammonia water or tea seed cake liquid should be applied to the grassland every year in late autumn and early winter and in late winter and early spring. This can serve as fertilizer and also kill the snail, the intermediate host of the bovine liver fluke. At ordinary times, careful attention should be paid to the drinking water hygiene of the cattle.
The bovine liver fluke is flat and leaf-shaped like a melon seed, and can also be as large as a broad bean, with a color like that of the liver. It can survive for as long as 3-5 years parasitizing the liver and bile ducts of cattle, often causing chronic indigestion, anemia, emaciation and a series of deteriorations in nutritional condition in the host draft cattle, such as dry skin, rough and disheveled hair, easy shedding of hair, yellowing of the eyes, subcutaneous edema in the neck, chest or abdomen, and weakness and fatigue, thereby affecting the draft capacity and reproductive performance of the cattle. Especially in the cold winter season, if supplementary feed is insufficient and management is poor, and the climate changes abruptly, the draft cattle are very likely to become emaciated and even die.
To confirm a diagnosis of this disease, microscopic examination of feces for the presence of eggs can be used. According to our many years of experience, deworming for bovine liver fluke once before the cold winter season arrives each year is a good measure for promoting fattening, protecting the fetus and improving the physical condition of draft cattle. Because there is less rain in autumn and winter, the eggs are difficult to hatch, which greatly reduces the chances of repeated infection of draft cattle. At the same time, the draft labor of the cattle is lighter, and green grass, green feed and sugarcane leaves are still relatively abundant, which is conducive to promoting fattening and improving the therapeutic effect.
I. Drug treatment
There are quite a few deworming drugs for bovine liver fluke. Several commonly used deworming drugs and their methods of use are introduced as follows:
1. Albendazole (also known as propylthiobenzimidazole, anthelmintic, and intestinal worm clearing): This product is a broad-spectrum deworming drug. It has the advantages of high efficacy, low toxicity, safety and convenience of use against bovine liver fluke. Its pharmacological action is that it can selectively and irreversibly inhibit the uptake of glucose by the worm body, deplete the endogenous glycogen in the worm body, and inhibit fumarate reductase, hindering the production of adenosine triphosphate, thereby causing the worm body's energy source to be exhausted and leading to death. After feeding, the drug is absorbed very little in the intestinal tract; 95% is not absorbed orally and acts directly on adult worms and eggs in the intestine, being excreted with feces within 24 hours; the absorbed 5% is rapidly metabolized in the liver into sulfone and sulfoxide, and the latter can kill larvae in tissues, adult worms and eggs in the intestinal tract, and is excreted through the kidneys within 48 hours, with no cumulative effect in the body. The oral dose per kilogram of live weight is 20-30 mg (if direct injection into the third stomach is used, the dose is halved), and the deworming rate against bovine liver fluke can reach about 95%, the deworming rate against roundworms can reach about 99%, and the effect against Haemonchus contortus and abdominal filarial worms is also relatively good.
2. Bilevon (domestic Bayer 9015, also called Bilevon): per kilogram of live weight: 2-4 mg for water buffaloes and 4-6 mg for yellow cattle. This drug has good safety and is also effective against larvae, with a deworming rate of about 75%.
3. Traditional Chinese medicine Guanzhong decoction: 1 jin of Guanzhong and Pteris multifida, 0.2 kg of red poria, and 5 kg of water, slowly decocted with a slow fire into 2 kg of medicinal liquid. After removing the residue, administer orally at a calculation of 1 ml per kilogram of body weight, and feed again once after 3 weeks. It has good safety, with a deworming rate of about 65%.
4. Hexachloroethane: calculated at 0.2-0.4 g of hexachloroethane per kilogram of live weight; large water buffaloes generally use 50-60 g, and yellow cattle generally use 20-30 g. Because this drug is a powder, when using it the drug can be placed in a bamboo tube with a slanted opening, with an appropriate amount of water first placed in the tube. When administering the drug, one person can help hold the cow's nose, and after opening the cow's mouth, one person pours the bamboo tube directly into the mouth, using the water in the bamboo tube to wash the drug into the esophagus. This drug has few side effects, but after feeding there is a phenomenon of reduced appetite, and individual cattle are relatively prone to bloating (which can slowly recover on its own). The deworming rate of a single administration is about 75%.
II. Prevention
The spread of this disease is mainly caused by the dispersal of eggs in feces. Therefore, cattle feces should be composted and fermented to kill the eggs before being used as fertilizer. Where conditions permit and grassland management is strengthened, 1:5000 ammonia water or tea seed cake liquid should be applied to the grassland every year in late autumn and early winter and in late winter and early spring. This can serve as fertilizer and also kill the snail, the intermediate host of the bovine liver fluke. At ordinary times, careful attention should be paid to the drinking water hygiene of the cattle.