A Detailed Guide to Controlling Common Diseases of Andrographis paniculata
Control of Common Diseases of Andrographis paniculata
(Agricultural Wealth Network) 1. Damping-off: It is caused by fungi and occurs commonly during the seedling stage. When 2 true leaves have grown, the damage is severe, causing the base of the seedling stem to constrict. Affected seedlings develop grayish-white mycelium. In the early stage of the disease, it occurs sporadically in the seedbed, then spreads very quickly, and patches of dead plants can appear overnight. The cause is high soil moisture and poor ventilation in the seedbed; the disease is more severe on cloudy and rainy days and at night than on sunny days and during the day.
Control methods: After emergence, reduce watering, water early in the day, ventilate around the seedbed, and pay special attention to ventilation at night and on cloudy and rainy days, lower the soil temperature, and strengthen light exposure. In the early stage of the disease, spray with 1:1:120 Bordeaux mixture, or spray with 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 1000 times dilution.
2. Fusarium wilt: It mainly damages the roots and the whole base. It occurs from June to October, and can occur in both seedlings and mature plants. When it occurs at the seedling stage, in humid environments, white cottony mycelium appears at the base of the stem and on the surrounding soil surface. It generally occurs locally. In the early stage of the disease, the tender leaves at the top of the plant turn yellow, while the lower leaves remain green; the plant becomes stunted, the roots and stem base turn black, and the whole plant dies.
Control methods: Do not choose low-lying land for the seedling site; when irrigating, do not use large amounts of water, do not allow waterlogging, do not practice continuous cropping, and do not injure the plants, because wounds are easily infected by Fusarium. Do not rotate with plants susceptible to Fusarium wilt.
3. Black stem disease: Black stem disease mostly occurs in the high-temperature and rainy season from July to August, at the stem base and ground level. It forms elongated black spots that expand upward and downward, causing the stem to shrink and become thin, the leaves to turn yellow-green and droop, and the edges to curl inward; severely affected plants die.
Control methods: Strengthen field management, clear drainage ditches, prevent water accumulation in the field, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
Control methods: After emergence, reduce watering, water early in the day, ventilate around the seedbed, and pay special attention to ventilation at night and on cloudy and rainy days, lower the soil temperature, and strengthen light exposure. In the early stage of the disease, spray with 1:1:120 Bordeaux mixture, or spray with 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 1000 times dilution.
2. Fusarium wilt: It mainly damages the roots and the whole base. It occurs from June to October, and can occur in both seedlings and mature plants. When it occurs at the seedling stage, in humid environments, white cottony mycelium appears at the base of the stem and on the surrounding soil surface. It generally occurs locally. In the early stage of the disease, the tender leaves at the top of the plant turn yellow, while the lower leaves remain green; the plant becomes stunted, the roots and stem base turn black, and the whole plant dies.
Control methods: Do not choose low-lying land for the seedling site; when irrigating, do not use large amounts of water, do not allow waterlogging, do not practice continuous cropping, and do not injure the plants, because wounds are easily infected by Fusarium. Do not rotate with plants susceptible to Fusarium wilt.
3. Black stem disease: Black stem disease mostly occurs in the high-temperature and rainy season from July to August, at the stem base and ground level. It forms elongated black spots that expand upward and downward, causing the stem to shrink and become thin, the leaves to turn yellow-green and droop, and the edges to curl inward; severely affected plants die.
Control methods: Strengthen field management, clear drainage ditches, prevent water accumulation in the field, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.