What are the rumination characteristics of cattle? Explained clearly in one article

When cattle eat, they swallow feed hastily without chewing it thoroughly. After it enters the rumen, it is soaked and softened, and during rest the feed is regurgitated back into the mouth for careful chewing, mixed with saliva, and swallowed again. This process is called rumination. It generally occurs half an hour to one hour after feeding. Each rumination session averages 40 to 50 minutes, then after an interval, the second rumination begins. About 6 to 8 times occur in a day and night, and the daily rumination time is about 7 hours. Rumination is an important physiological function of cattle. During cattle feeding and management, sufficient rest time and a quiet, comfortable environment should be provided to ensure normal rumination, otherwise digestive function will be disturbed.