How to prevent and treat common diseases of the African catfish?
How to prevent and treat common diseases of the African catfish
How to prevent and treat common diseases of the African catfish
I. Prevention and treatment of infectious fish diseases 1. Print-like disease Pathogen: caused by bacterial infection. Symptoms: inflammation of the skin, forming oval ulcerated rings, which can eventually form print-like spots. In severe cases the skeleton may be exposed. Prevention and treatment: sprinkle 0.1-0.3 ppm furazolidone (furacilin) over the whole pond. At the same time, feed medicated bait with streptomycin orally, at a dosage of 20,000 units per kg of fish. 2. Enteritis Pathogen: a bacterial disease. Symptoms: diseased fish show abdominal swelling; when the abdomen is gently pressed, yellow mucus flows out, and the anus is red, swollen and protruding. There are red spots on the ventral side and fin erosion. Dissection reveals abdominal dropsy and congested, inflamed intestines. Prevention and treatment: regularly sprinkle 30-40 ppm quicklime to prevent this disease; for treatment, add 17 g of furacilin per 100 jin of feed to make medicated bait and feed it, or add 250 g of garlic and 250 g of salt per 100 jin of feed and mix into the feed; sprinkle 2-3 ppm gallnut over the whole pond. 3. Furunculosis Pathogen: caused by Aeromonas punctata. Symptoms: abscesses appear in the muscles of the affected area of the fish, filled with pus.
Prevention and treatment: sprinkling 1 ppm bleaching powder or 2 ppm gallnut over the whole pond can have a preventive effect; when the disease occurs, while sprinkling the drug over the whole pond, feed bait mixed with sulfathiazole; on the first day, use 10 g of sulfathiazole, 2 g of tmp, 0.6 g of prednisone and 10 g of soda tablets per 100 kg of fish. From days 2-6, halve the dosage. 4. Hanging-neck disease Pathogen: caused by bacterial infection. Symptoms: diseased fish behave abnormally, hanging vertically head-up and tail-down without moving. Fins are congested, the abdomen is distended, and round hemorrhages are sometimes visible on the sides of the body and in the intestines. Prevention and treatment: sprinkle furacilin or other antibacterial drugs over the whole pond, and at the same time feed medicated bait orally, using 10 g of oxytetracycline and 2 g of tmp per 100 kg of fish, continuously for 3-6 days. 5. Saprolegniasis Pathogen: caused by invasion and infection by Saprolegnia. Symptoms: flocculent white or grayish-white filamentous material appears on the body surface of diseased fish, skin mucus increases, appetite decreases, the fish is restless and movement is abnormal. Prevention and treatment: sprinkle 0.1-0.2 ppm malachite green over the whole pond, and at the same time feed medicated bait with nystatin, using 1 million units per 100 kg of fish mixed into the feed.
II. Prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases 1. Trichodiniasis Pathogen: caused by parasitism by Trichodina. Symptoms: diseased fish become black in body color and emaciated; pond fish leave the school and swim alone, spinning, and die of exhaustion. Microscopic examination of the body surface of diseased fish shows large numbers of Trichodina. Prevention and treatment: sprinkle 0.7 ppm copper sulfate or a mixture of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) over the whole pond. When the pond water volume is difficult to measure accurately, the drug can be divided into two portions and sprinkled again after 24 hours; the effect is good and it is relatively safe. 2. Chilodonelliasis Pathogen: caused by parasitism by Chilodonella. Symptoms: increased mucus on the body surface, forming a blue-gray film; the fish floats on the water surface and has difficulty breathing. Prevention and treatment: the same as above. 3. Ichthyobodiasis Pathogen: Ichthyobodo. Symptoms: no obvious symptoms in the early stage; in severe cases the body color becomes black and the fish becomes emaciated, swimming slowly and having difficulty breathing; a pale blue or blue-gray mucus layer appears on the body surface, the gills are pale red, and the epidermis is congested and inflamed. Prevention and treatment: soak diseased fish in 0.05% formalin for 20-30 minutes; the treatment method is the same as for Trichodina. 4. Epistylidiasis Pathogen: caused by parasitism by Epistylis. Symptoms: proliferative white spots appear on the body surface and fins of diseased fish; in severe cases the parasitic sites can be seen to be eroded, with blood spots. Prevention and treatment: the same as the prevention and treatment method for Trichodina. 5. Myxosporidiasis Pathogen: caused by parasitism by Myxosporidia. Symptoms: white dot-like cysts are visible on the body surface; the fish becomes emaciated and black, and activity is sluggish. Microscopic examination shows large numbers of spores within the cysts. Prevention and treatment: soak in 15-30 ppm formalin for 30-60 minutes, for 7 consecutive days. 6. Ichthyophthiriasis Pathogen: Ichthyophthirius. Symptoms: when parasitism is heavy, the fish can be seen to be emaciated and swim slowly, floating on the water surface. Adult Ichthyophthirius can be seen with careful observation by the naked eye. Prevention and treatment: soak in 2 ppm mercurous nitrate for 15-30 minutes, twice a day, for 3-5 consecutive days. 7. Gyrodactyliasis Pathogen: Gyrodactylus. Symptoms: barbels curl, body color becomes black, mucus increases, appetite decreases, and the fish dies emaciated. With careful observation by the naked eye, fine hair-like worm bodies can be seen moving at the affected sites. Prevention and treatment: sprinkle 0.3-0.5 ppm of 90% crystalline trichlorfon over the whole pond. 8. Dactylogyriasis Pathogen: Dactylogyrus. Symptoms: increased mucus on the gill surface, gill filaments dark gray or pale white, difficulty breathing. With careful observation, white Dactylogyrus can be seen moving. In severe cases the operculum opens and the fish dies. Prevention and treatment: the same treatment method as for Gyrodactylus.
I. Prevention and treatment of infectious fish diseases 1. Print-like disease Pathogen: caused by bacterial infection. Symptoms: inflammation of the skin, forming oval ulcerated rings, which can eventually form print-like spots. In severe cases the skeleton may be exposed. Prevention and treatment: sprinkle 0.1-0.3 ppm furazolidone (furacilin) over the whole pond. At the same time, feed medicated bait with streptomycin orally, at a dosage of 20,000 units per kg of fish. 2. Enteritis Pathogen: a bacterial disease. Symptoms: diseased fish show abdominal swelling; when the abdomen is gently pressed, yellow mucus flows out, and the anus is red, swollen and protruding. There are red spots on the ventral side and fin erosion. Dissection reveals abdominal dropsy and congested, inflamed intestines. Prevention and treatment: regularly sprinkle 30-40 ppm quicklime to prevent this disease; for treatment, add 17 g of furacilin per 100 jin of feed to make medicated bait and feed it, or add 250 g of garlic and 250 g of salt per 100 jin of feed and mix into the feed; sprinkle 2-3 ppm gallnut over the whole pond. 3. Furunculosis Pathogen: caused by Aeromonas punctata. Symptoms: abscesses appear in the muscles of the affected area of the fish, filled with pus.
Prevention and treatment: sprinkling 1 ppm bleaching powder or 2 ppm gallnut over the whole pond can have a preventive effect; when the disease occurs, while sprinkling the drug over the whole pond, feed bait mixed with sulfathiazole; on the first day, use 10 g of sulfathiazole, 2 g of tmp, 0.6 g of prednisone and 10 g of soda tablets per 100 kg of fish. From days 2-6, halve the dosage. 4. Hanging-neck disease Pathogen: caused by bacterial infection. Symptoms: diseased fish behave abnormally, hanging vertically head-up and tail-down without moving. Fins are congested, the abdomen is distended, and round hemorrhages are sometimes visible on the sides of the body and in the intestines. Prevention and treatment: sprinkle furacilin or other antibacterial drugs over the whole pond, and at the same time feed medicated bait orally, using 10 g of oxytetracycline and 2 g of tmp per 100 kg of fish, continuously for 3-6 days. 5. Saprolegniasis Pathogen: caused by invasion and infection by Saprolegnia. Symptoms: flocculent white or grayish-white filamentous material appears on the body surface of diseased fish, skin mucus increases, appetite decreases, the fish is restless and movement is abnormal. Prevention and treatment: sprinkle 0.1-0.2 ppm malachite green over the whole pond, and at the same time feed medicated bait with nystatin, using 1 million units per 100 kg of fish mixed into the feed.
II. Prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases 1. Trichodiniasis Pathogen: caused by parasitism by Trichodina. Symptoms: diseased fish become black in body color and emaciated; pond fish leave the school and swim alone, spinning, and die of exhaustion. Microscopic examination of the body surface of diseased fish shows large numbers of Trichodina. Prevention and treatment: sprinkle 0.7 ppm copper sulfate or a mixture of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) over the whole pond. When the pond water volume is difficult to measure accurately, the drug can be divided into two portions and sprinkled again after 24 hours; the effect is good and it is relatively safe. 2. Chilodonelliasis Pathogen: caused by parasitism by Chilodonella. Symptoms: increased mucus on the body surface, forming a blue-gray film; the fish floats on the water surface and has difficulty breathing. Prevention and treatment: the same as above. 3. Ichthyobodiasis Pathogen: Ichthyobodo. Symptoms: no obvious symptoms in the early stage; in severe cases the body color becomes black and the fish becomes emaciated, swimming slowly and having difficulty breathing; a pale blue or blue-gray mucus layer appears on the body surface, the gills are pale red, and the epidermis is congested and inflamed. Prevention and treatment: soak diseased fish in 0.05% formalin for 20-30 minutes; the treatment method is the same as for Trichodina. 4. Epistylidiasis Pathogen: caused by parasitism by Epistylis. Symptoms: proliferative white spots appear on the body surface and fins of diseased fish; in severe cases the parasitic sites can be seen to be eroded, with blood spots. Prevention and treatment: the same as the prevention and treatment method for Trichodina. 5. Myxosporidiasis Pathogen: caused by parasitism by Myxosporidia. Symptoms: white dot-like cysts are visible on the body surface; the fish becomes emaciated and black, and activity is sluggish. Microscopic examination shows large numbers of spores within the cysts. Prevention and treatment: soak in 15-30 ppm formalin for 30-60 minutes, for 7 consecutive days. 6. Ichthyophthiriasis Pathogen: Ichthyophthirius. Symptoms: when parasitism is heavy, the fish can be seen to be emaciated and swim slowly, floating on the water surface. Adult Ichthyophthirius can be seen with careful observation by the naked eye. Prevention and treatment: soak in 2 ppm mercurous nitrate for 15-30 minutes, twice a day, for 3-5 consecutive days. 7. Gyrodactyliasis Pathogen: Gyrodactylus. Symptoms: barbels curl, body color becomes black, mucus increases, appetite decreases, and the fish dies emaciated. With careful observation by the naked eye, fine hair-like worm bodies can be seen moving at the affected sites. Prevention and treatment: sprinkle 0.3-0.5 ppm of 90% crystalline trichlorfon over the whole pond. 8. Dactylogyriasis Pathogen: Dactylogyrus. Symptoms: increased mucus on the gill surface, gill filaments dark gray or pale white, difficulty breathing. With careful observation, white Dactylogyrus can be seen moving. In severe cases the operculum opens and the fish dies. Prevention and treatment: the same treatment method as for Gyrodactylus.