Types and Prevention Methods of Reproductive Disorders in Sows
Types and Prevention of Reproductive Disorders in Sows
1. Functional reproductive disorders
These include ovarian hypoplasia, ovarian cysts, persistent corpus luteum and follicular development disorders. Such conditions can be treated symptomatically with hormones such as luteinizing hormone, prostaglandins, chorionic gonadotropin and pregnant mare serum.
2. Nutritional reproductive disorders
Feeding too much high-energy feed can make sows overweight, especially when exercise is lacking, leading to obesity-related infertility. If energy and protein are insufficient, sows become thin and weak, estrus is delayed or does not occur, and follicles stop developing and form cysts. Vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin D and vitamin E are indispensable vitamins for sows to maintain normal reproductive function; severe deficiency can affect the conception rate and normal development of the fetus.
3. Disease-related reproductive disorders
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: sows show anorexia and elevated body temperature, and abortion, stillbirth and premature birth may be seen, with mummified fetuses appearing. The mortality rate of piglets can reach 50%-70%, and up to 100%.
(1) Parvovirus disease: especially in first-litter sows, stillborn fetuses, deformed fetuses and mummified fetuses are produced, and newborn piglets die or are weak, while the sows themselves show no obvious clinical signs. After infection, sows may return to estrus, or may neither come into estrus nor farrow. Infection after 70 days can result in normal farrowing, but the piglets carry the virus.
(2) Eperythrozoonosis: piglets have high fever, jaundice, anemia and death. Sows in late gestation and after farrowing develop mastitis, loss of appetite and high fever, and some sows abort or have stillbirths.
(3) Toxoplasmosis: pregnant sows infected with Toxoplasma may experience abortion, stillbirth and mummified fetuses.
(4) Atypical swine fever: clinical symptoms and necropsy changes are atypical, and both morbidity and mortality are relatively low. After infection, sows' immunity declines, causing reproductive disorders. Infection at 10 days of gestation leads to embryonic death and absorption by the body. Infection at 10-15 days leads to an increase in stillbirths. Infection 1 week before farrowing does not affect piglet survival but affects development. Immunization with swine fever vaccine is the main control measure.
These include ovarian hypoplasia, ovarian cysts, persistent corpus luteum and follicular development disorders. Such conditions can be treated symptomatically with hormones such as luteinizing hormone, prostaglandins, chorionic gonadotropin and pregnant mare serum.
2. Nutritional reproductive disorders
Feeding too much high-energy feed can make sows overweight, especially when exercise is lacking, leading to obesity-related infertility. If energy and protein are insufficient, sows become thin and weak, estrus is delayed or does not occur, and follicles stop developing and form cysts. Vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin D and vitamin E are indispensable vitamins for sows to maintain normal reproductive function; severe deficiency can affect the conception rate and normal development of the fetus.
3. Disease-related reproductive disorders
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: sows show anorexia and elevated body temperature, and abortion, stillbirth and premature birth may be seen, with mummified fetuses appearing. The mortality rate of piglets can reach 50%-70%, and up to 100%.
(1) Parvovirus disease: especially in first-litter sows, stillborn fetuses, deformed fetuses and mummified fetuses are produced, and newborn piglets die or are weak, while the sows themselves show no obvious clinical signs. After infection, sows may return to estrus, or may neither come into estrus nor farrow. Infection after 70 days can result in normal farrowing, but the piglets carry the virus.
(2) Eperythrozoonosis: piglets have high fever, jaundice, anemia and death. Sows in late gestation and after farrowing develop mastitis, loss of appetite and high fever, and some sows abort or have stillbirths.
(3) Toxoplasmosis: pregnant sows infected with Toxoplasma may experience abortion, stillbirth and mummified fetuses.
(4) Atypical swine fever: clinical symptoms and necropsy changes are atypical, and both morbidity and mortality are relatively low. After infection, sows' immunity declines, causing reproductive disorders. Infection at 10 days of gestation leads to embryonic death and absorption by the body. Infection at 10-15 days leads to an increase in stillbirths. Infection 1 week before farrowing does not affect piglet survival but affects development. Immunization with swine fever vaccine is the main control measure.