Technical key points for applying micronutrient fertilizers to wheat
Application techniques of micronutrient fertilizers on wheat
Micronutrients play an irreplaceable role in the growth and development of wheat, a role that macronutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) cannot fulfil. Scientifically increasing the application of micronutrient fertilizers is an important measure for ensuring high and stable wheat yields.
Iron fertilizer. For every 1 ton of dry matter wheat forms, it needs to absorb 232 grams of iron. When iron is deficient, the leaves turn yellow-green, small spots appear, white patches or streaks appear on young leaves, and old leaves wither early. Application method: in the early growth stage of wheat, or when iron deficiency is found in the plants, spray the foliage with a 0.2%-0.3% ferrous sulfate solution.
Boron fertilizer. For every 1 ton of dry matter wheat forms, it needs to absorb 18 grams of boron. When boron is deficient, the stems and leaves become thick and curved, the leaves turn purple, the apical meristem dies, forming "dieback", filament elongation and tillering are abnormal, the wheat ears develop poorly, the seed-setting rate is extremely poor, and in severe cases "ears without grain" occur in the later stage. Applying boron fertilizer on boron-deficient soil can increase wheat yield by more than 10%. Application methods: (1) As a base fertilizer. Use 1 kg of borax per mu, applied to the soil before sowing. (2) As a seed fertilizer. Dissolve 10 grams of borax in 5 kg of water, mix with 50 kg of wheat seed, or soak the selected wheat seed in a 0.01%-0.05% borax solution for 6-12 hours. (3) Foliar topdressing. At the seedling stage, jointing stage and booting stage of wheat, spray once each with a 0.1%-0.2% borax solution.
Manganese fertilizer. For every 1 ton of dry matter wheat forms, it needs to absorb 26 grams of manganese. When manganese is deficient, interveinal chlorosis and yellowing appear initially, along with small yellowish-white spots, which later gradually expand and join into yellow-brown streaks; near the leaf tip a clear horizontal line of weakened tissue forms, causing the upper part of the leaf to bend and droop; root development is poor, and some roots turn black and die; the plants grow slowly, with no tillering or very little tillering. Application methods: (1) As a base fertilizer. Use 1 kg of manganese sulfate per mu, applied to the soil during land preparation. (2) As a seed fertilizer. At sowing, mix 4-6 grams of manganese sulfate into each kg of wheat seed. (3) Foliar topdressing. At the seedling stage, jointing stage, flowering stage of wheat, or when manganese deficiency symptoms appear in the plants, spray the foliage with a 0.1%-0.2% manganese sulfate solution.
Copper fertilizer. For every 1 ton of dry matter wheat forms, it needs to absorb 8 grams of copper. When copper is deficient, new leaves are grayish-green, leaf tips become white, leaves are distorted, grayish-white spots or streaks appear on the lower part of the leaf sheath, and old leaves tend to break or bend at the ligule; internodes of the plants shorten, heading is reduced, and in severe cases the plants cannot head or the ears are distorted, with grains underdeveloped or shrunken. Application methods: (1) As a base fertilizer. Use 1-1.5 kg of copper sulfate per mu, applied to the soil during land preparation. (2) As a seed fertilizer. At sowing, dress the seed with copper sulfate at 0.2%-0.3% of the seed weight, and after mixing well, pile and cover for 12-17 hours. (3) Foliar topdressing. If copper deficiency is found in wheat during the growing period, promptly spray the foliage with a 0.2%-0.4% copper sulfate solution.
Zinc fertilizer. For every 1 ton of dry matter wheat forms, it needs to absorb 2l grams of zinc. When zinc is deficient, the plants become dwarfed and bushy, leaf margins are distorted or shrunken, the areas on both sides of the veins change from green to yellow and even to white, and yellow, white and green alternating streaks appear along the edges. According to comparative trials in various places, applying zinc fertilizer in zinc-deficient areas can increase wheat yield by 10%-18%. Application methods: (1) As a base fertilizer. Use 1-2 kg of zinc sulfate per mu, applied to the soil during land preparation. (2) Seed soaking. Put the selected wheat seed into a 0.05% zinc sulfate solution and soak for 12-24 hours, then remove, dry and sow. (3) As a topdressing. At the wheat seedling stage, use 1 kg of zinc sulfate per mu, mix with 15-20 kg of fine dry soil or organic fertilizer, and apply it in furrows between the rows; the earlier, the better the effect. (4) Foliar topdressing. At the seedling stage, jointing stage and after heading of wheat, or when zinc deficiency symptoms appear in the plants, spray the foliage with a 0.1%-0.2% zinc sulfate solution.
Molybdenum fertilizer. For every 1 ton of dry matter wheat forms, it needs to absorb 0.87 grams of molybdenum. When molybdenum is deficient, the plants are short and grow slowly; the leaf tips first lose their green color, then on the fully expanded leaves below the central leaf, small, parallel yellowish-white spots appear along the veins, gradually joining into lines or patches, and finally the leaf tips dry up, and in severe cases the entire leaf dies. Application methods: (1) Seed dressing. Use 2-6 grams of ammonium molybdate per kg of wheat seed; first dissolve the ammonium molybdate in 40°C warm water, then dress the seed. (2) Seed soaking. Soak the wheat seed in a 0.05%-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution for 12 hours, then remove, dry and sow. (3) Foliar topdressing. At the seedling stage, jointing stage, booting stage of wheat, or when molybdenum deficiency symptoms appear in the plants, spray the foliage with a 0.01%-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution.
Iron fertilizer. For every 1 ton of dry matter wheat forms, it needs to absorb 232 grams of iron. When iron is deficient, the leaves turn yellow-green, small spots appear, white patches or streaks appear on young leaves, and old leaves wither early. Application method: in the early growth stage of wheat, or when iron deficiency is found in the plants, spray the foliage with a 0.2%-0.3% ferrous sulfate solution.
Boron fertilizer. For every 1 ton of dry matter wheat forms, it needs to absorb 18 grams of boron. When boron is deficient, the stems and leaves become thick and curved, the leaves turn purple, the apical meristem dies, forming "dieback", filament elongation and tillering are abnormal, the wheat ears develop poorly, the seed-setting rate is extremely poor, and in severe cases "ears without grain" occur in the later stage. Applying boron fertilizer on boron-deficient soil can increase wheat yield by more than 10%. Application methods: (1) As a base fertilizer. Use 1 kg of borax per mu, applied to the soil before sowing. (2) As a seed fertilizer. Dissolve 10 grams of borax in 5 kg of water, mix with 50 kg of wheat seed, or soak the selected wheat seed in a 0.01%-0.05% borax solution for 6-12 hours. (3) Foliar topdressing. At the seedling stage, jointing stage and booting stage of wheat, spray once each with a 0.1%-0.2% borax solution.
Manganese fertilizer. For every 1 ton of dry matter wheat forms, it needs to absorb 26 grams of manganese. When manganese is deficient, interveinal chlorosis and yellowing appear initially, along with small yellowish-white spots, which later gradually expand and join into yellow-brown streaks; near the leaf tip a clear horizontal line of weakened tissue forms, causing the upper part of the leaf to bend and droop; root development is poor, and some roots turn black and die; the plants grow slowly, with no tillering or very little tillering. Application methods: (1) As a base fertilizer. Use 1 kg of manganese sulfate per mu, applied to the soil during land preparation. (2) As a seed fertilizer. At sowing, mix 4-6 grams of manganese sulfate into each kg of wheat seed. (3) Foliar topdressing. At the seedling stage, jointing stage, flowering stage of wheat, or when manganese deficiency symptoms appear in the plants, spray the foliage with a 0.1%-0.2% manganese sulfate solution.
Copper fertilizer. For every 1 ton of dry matter wheat forms, it needs to absorb 8 grams of copper. When copper is deficient, new leaves are grayish-green, leaf tips become white, leaves are distorted, grayish-white spots or streaks appear on the lower part of the leaf sheath, and old leaves tend to break or bend at the ligule; internodes of the plants shorten, heading is reduced, and in severe cases the plants cannot head or the ears are distorted, with grains underdeveloped or shrunken. Application methods: (1) As a base fertilizer. Use 1-1.5 kg of copper sulfate per mu, applied to the soil during land preparation. (2) As a seed fertilizer. At sowing, dress the seed with copper sulfate at 0.2%-0.3% of the seed weight, and after mixing well, pile and cover for 12-17 hours. (3) Foliar topdressing. If copper deficiency is found in wheat during the growing period, promptly spray the foliage with a 0.2%-0.4% copper sulfate solution.
Zinc fertilizer. For every 1 ton of dry matter wheat forms, it needs to absorb 2l grams of zinc. When zinc is deficient, the plants become dwarfed and bushy, leaf margins are distorted or shrunken, the areas on both sides of the veins change from green to yellow and even to white, and yellow, white and green alternating streaks appear along the edges. According to comparative trials in various places, applying zinc fertilizer in zinc-deficient areas can increase wheat yield by 10%-18%. Application methods: (1) As a base fertilizer. Use 1-2 kg of zinc sulfate per mu, applied to the soil during land preparation. (2) Seed soaking. Put the selected wheat seed into a 0.05% zinc sulfate solution and soak for 12-24 hours, then remove, dry and sow. (3) As a topdressing. At the wheat seedling stage, use 1 kg of zinc sulfate per mu, mix with 15-20 kg of fine dry soil or organic fertilizer, and apply it in furrows between the rows; the earlier, the better the effect. (4) Foliar topdressing. At the seedling stage, jointing stage and after heading of wheat, or when zinc deficiency symptoms appear in the plants, spray the foliage with a 0.1%-0.2% zinc sulfate solution.
Molybdenum fertilizer. For every 1 ton of dry matter wheat forms, it needs to absorb 0.87 grams of molybdenum. When molybdenum is deficient, the plants are short and grow slowly; the leaf tips first lose their green color, then on the fully expanded leaves below the central leaf, small, parallel yellowish-white spots appear along the veins, gradually joining into lines or patches, and finally the leaf tips dry up, and in severe cases the entire leaf dies. Application methods: (1) Seed dressing. Use 2-6 grams of ammonium molybdate per kg of wheat seed; first dissolve the ammonium molybdate in 40°C warm water, then dress the seed. (2) Seed soaking. Soak the wheat seed in a 0.05%-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution for 12 hours, then remove, dry and sow. (3) Foliar topdressing. At the seedling stage, jointing stage, booting stage of wheat, or when molybdenum deficiency symptoms appear in the plants, spray the foliage with a 0.01%-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution.