Detailed Explanation of Perilla Cultivation Techniques and Field Management Methods
Perilla Cultivation Techniques
Perilla belongs to the Lamiaceae family (mint family) and is an annual herbaceous plant. Its growth period is about 110 days, with an accumulated temperature of 2200°C. The target seedling stand is 2000-3500 plants per mu, and the yield is 100-175 kg per mu. It is suitable for cultivation in various soils.
Perilla has the functions of removing phlegm and directing qi downward, relieving cough and calming asthma, moistening the heart and lungs, and treating chest tightness with rebellious qi and constipation. Perilla leaves are edible; spicy perilla leaf pickles, and perilla leaves eaten with sticky bean buns or steamed buns, clear the heart and stimulate the appetite, and regular consumption has health benefits. Among them, white perilla and gray perilla are export varieties for earning foreign exchange; Southeast Asian countries use them as edible oil, with an oil content of over 40%.
Land preparation, fertilization and sowing
After stubble clearing and ridge breaking, apply 10 kg of diammonium per mu as a banded fertilizer, then form ridges. For direct sowing in dry weather, soil moisture must be created; when sowing, water must be applied at the planting hole. Sow in hills like Chinese cabbage, with a plant-row spacing of 35×60 cm. Upland areas should be densely planted; low-lying and flat fertile land is suitable for sparse planting. If plants are too dense, branching is affected and yield is reduced.
Raising seedlings and transplanting
Scald the seeds briefly with 50°C warm water, stir until cool and soak for 10 hours, then remove and drain. Sow on prepared beds; 2 sq m can grow enough seedlings for one mu of land. After seedlings reach 10 cm in height, harden them. Transplant whenever it rains; continuous overcast weather gives the best results. Seedlings can be pulled and transplanted in stages. If transplanting with water in dry weather, open furrows no more than 10 cm deep for a high survival rate. Perilla stems can produce adventitious roots. This method does not compete with field crop farming seasons.
Field management
In directly sown fields, thin to final stand at 5-6 leaves, keeping large seedlings as single plants and removing off-color seedlings. Gaps can be filled after rain. In transplanted fields, cultivate and hoe promptly. When plants are over 70 cm tall and leaves turn slightly yellow, spray foliar fertilizer twice to promote seed maturity.
Perilla has few insect pests and rarely gets diseases. Aphids sometimes appear and can be controlled by spraying a mixture of dimethoate and deltamethrin, which helps keep the perilla leaves intact and fresh and increases their market value at sale.
Harvesting methods
To avoid bird damage and yield loss from shattering seeds, harvest as soon as the top of the perilla plant begins to mature, when the whole plant turns yellow and some leaves fall. Tie into bundles, stack them together and dry in the shade to promote after-ripening and increase yield. After completely dry, thresh by beating with a wooden stick on a concrete floor or tarpaulin until clean of soil and debris and winnowed clean. Place in woven bags and store in a dry, wind-exposed place.
The above content is for reference only.
Perilla has the functions of removing phlegm and directing qi downward, relieving cough and calming asthma, moistening the heart and lungs, and treating chest tightness with rebellious qi and constipation. Perilla leaves are edible; spicy perilla leaf pickles, and perilla leaves eaten with sticky bean buns or steamed buns, clear the heart and stimulate the appetite, and regular consumption has health benefits. Among them, white perilla and gray perilla are export varieties for earning foreign exchange; Southeast Asian countries use them as edible oil, with an oil content of over 40%.
Land preparation, fertilization and sowing
After stubble clearing and ridge breaking, apply 10 kg of diammonium per mu as a banded fertilizer, then form ridges. For direct sowing in dry weather, soil moisture must be created; when sowing, water must be applied at the planting hole. Sow in hills like Chinese cabbage, with a plant-row spacing of 35×60 cm. Upland areas should be densely planted; low-lying and flat fertile land is suitable for sparse planting. If plants are too dense, branching is affected and yield is reduced.
Raising seedlings and transplanting
Scald the seeds briefly with 50°C warm water, stir until cool and soak for 10 hours, then remove and drain. Sow on prepared beds; 2 sq m can grow enough seedlings for one mu of land. After seedlings reach 10 cm in height, harden them. Transplant whenever it rains; continuous overcast weather gives the best results. Seedlings can be pulled and transplanted in stages. If transplanting with water in dry weather, open furrows no more than 10 cm deep for a high survival rate. Perilla stems can produce adventitious roots. This method does not compete with field crop farming seasons.
Field management
In directly sown fields, thin to final stand at 5-6 leaves, keeping large seedlings as single plants and removing off-color seedlings. Gaps can be filled after rain. In transplanted fields, cultivate and hoe promptly. When plants are over 70 cm tall and leaves turn slightly yellow, spray foliar fertilizer twice to promote seed maturity.
Perilla has few insect pests and rarely gets diseases. Aphids sometimes appear and can be controlled by spraying a mixture of dimethoate and deltamethrin, which helps keep the perilla leaves intact and fresh and increases their market value at sale.
Harvesting methods
To avoid bird damage and yield loss from shattering seeds, harvest as soon as the top of the perilla plant begins to mature, when the whole plant turns yellow and some leaves fall. Tie into bundles, stack them together and dry in the shade to promote after-ripening and increase yield. After completely dry, thresh by beating with a wooden stick on a concrete floor or tarpaulin until clean of soil and debris and winnowed clean. Place in woven bags and store in a dry, wind-exposed place.
The above content is for reference only.