High-Yield Cultivation Techniques for Huangguan Pear: Key Points of Training and Pruning and Fertilizer and Water Management
Training and Pruning and Fertilizer and Water Management for High-Yield Cultivation of Huangguan Pear
1. Training and Pruning
Young Huangguan pear trees have relatively strong growth vigor. The budbreak rate is high, and the branching ability is relatively strong. Moreover, the new shoots of young trees have the characteristic of upright growth. Therefore, the canopy is prone to becoming congested, which affects ventilation and light penetration and easily causes the fruiting to move outward. Therefore, Huangguan pear is suitable for the small-canopy sparse-layer form. Tree height should be controlled at 3 m to 3.5 m. Pruning of young trees should focus mainly on light pruning and delayed heading. The outer branch leaders should not be too numerous or too large, so as to maintain balanced tree vigor and branch vigor. At the same time, pay attention to bending branches to open the crotch angle. In summer pruning, pay attention to orchard ventilation and light penetration, enhance leaf photosynthetic efficiency, and reduce the breeding and spread of pests and diseases.
2. Fertilizer and Water Management
(1) Applying Base Fertilizer
Apply after fruit leaf fall or before fruit harvest. Generally, apply more than 5000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer each year. High-quality chicken manure should not exceed 4000 kg; slow-release fertilizers such as long-acting complete-element compound fertilizer can be mixed into the base fertilizer and applied all at once. The base fertilizer should not be applied too deep. Since 80% of the root system is mainly distributed in the soil layer above 40 cm, the appropriate fertilization depth is 50 cm.
(2) Topdressing
Carry out formula fertilization according to soil nutrient conditions. At the same time as topdressing, a small amount of trace elements such as iron, zinc, and boron can be applied. During the growing period, before budbreak, and after fruit harvest, nitrogen fertilizer should be the main type. During the fruit enlargement period, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be the main type. Water promptly after fertilization.
(3) Foliar Fertilization
Foliar fertilization can be carefully carried out throughout the year after flowering, during the fruit enlargement period, and before fruit harvest. The types of foliar fertilizer can include balanced leaf fertilizer, urea, monopotassium phosphate, multi-element micro-fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, etc. According to surveys, in orchards sprayed additionally with amino acid calcium or Gaizhong calcium 5 to 6 times, the good fruit rate of Huangguan pear was above 95%.
(4) Irrigation and Drainage
Irrigate the orchard in a timely manner according to soil moisture conditions. Focus on irrigation before flowering, after flowering, and during the fruit enlargement period. Irrigate during June to August when there is drought and no rain, and pay attention to summer drainage.
Young Huangguan pear trees have relatively strong growth vigor. The budbreak rate is high, and the branching ability is relatively strong. Moreover, the new shoots of young trees have the characteristic of upright growth. Therefore, the canopy is prone to becoming congested, which affects ventilation and light penetration and easily causes the fruiting to move outward. Therefore, Huangguan pear is suitable for the small-canopy sparse-layer form. Tree height should be controlled at 3 m to 3.5 m. Pruning of young trees should focus mainly on light pruning and delayed heading. The outer branch leaders should not be too numerous or too large, so as to maintain balanced tree vigor and branch vigor. At the same time, pay attention to bending branches to open the crotch angle. In summer pruning, pay attention to orchard ventilation and light penetration, enhance leaf photosynthetic efficiency, and reduce the breeding and spread of pests and diseases.
2. Fertilizer and Water Management
(1) Applying Base Fertilizer
Apply after fruit leaf fall or before fruit harvest. Generally, apply more than 5000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer each year. High-quality chicken manure should not exceed 4000 kg; slow-release fertilizers such as long-acting complete-element compound fertilizer can be mixed into the base fertilizer and applied all at once. The base fertilizer should not be applied too deep. Since 80% of the root system is mainly distributed in the soil layer above 40 cm, the appropriate fertilization depth is 50 cm.
(2) Topdressing
Carry out formula fertilization according to soil nutrient conditions. At the same time as topdressing, a small amount of trace elements such as iron, zinc, and boron can be applied. During the growing period, before budbreak, and after fruit harvest, nitrogen fertilizer should be the main type. During the fruit enlargement period, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be the main type. Water promptly after fertilization.
(3) Foliar Fertilization
Foliar fertilization can be carefully carried out throughout the year after flowering, during the fruit enlargement period, and before fruit harvest. The types of foliar fertilizer can include balanced leaf fertilizer, urea, monopotassium phosphate, multi-element micro-fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, etc. According to surveys, in orchards sprayed additionally with amino acid calcium or Gaizhong calcium 5 to 6 times, the good fruit rate of Huangguan pear was above 95%.
(4) Irrigation and Drainage
Irrigate the orchard in a timely manner according to soil moisture conditions. Focus on irrigation before flowering, after flowering, and during the fruit enlargement period. Irrigate during June to August when there is drought and no rain, and pay attention to summer drainage.