Do red dates need fertilizing? A detailed guide to fertilizing methods for red date cultivation
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Fertilizing is a management measure that ensures red dates reach high yield and good quality. Whether fertilizer is applied appropriately directly affects the growth and fruiting of jujube trees. Reasonable fertilizing can not only improve the yield and quality of red dates, but also save fertilizer and labor and reduce production costs.
Fertilizing must be combined with water management and pruning and other management measures in order to fully exert fertilizer efficiency. For example, fertilizing requires consideration of soil texture and characteristics, and at the same time water management must also be taken into account. This is because only good soil structure and physicochemical properties are conducive to the activity and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms and accelerate the decomposition of applied fertilizer. The decomposition of fertilizer, the absorption of nutrients by the tree roots, and the transport of nutrients in the tree all require the participation of an appropriate amount of water in order to proceed smoothly.
The establishment of a fertilizing system for red date orchards requires consideration of the growing conditions of red dates, and the timing, amount, and type of fertilizing must be determined according to tree age, tree vigor, fruiting amount, and many other aspects, so as to achieve rational fertilizer management.
According to the fertilizer requirements of jujube trees and the combined experience of jujube farmers, if appropriate amounts and suitable fertilizer compositions can be applied at the right time, through measures such as applying base fertilizer in winter, broadcasting pre-sprouting fertilizer, spraying foliar fertilizer at the flowering stage, broadcasting topdressing in split applications during the fruit enlargement stage, fertilizing before harvest, and broadcasting post-harvest gift fertilizer, this should help improve the yield and quality of red dates. The concepts of fertilizing at the following several stages are explained separately below:
The sprouting, flower bud differentiation, and even flowering and fruiting of jujube trees mostly consume the stored nutrients from the previous year. To increase the stored nutrients in the tree, consider applying base fertilizer about 1 month before leaf fall. For late-maturing red dates, applying fertilizer before harvest is best. At this time the leaves still have relatively high photosynthetic efficiency, sunshine is abundant, the autumn air is crisp, and the temperature difference between day and night is relatively large, which is conducive to the accumulation of organic nutrients. Autumn application of base fertilizer should be mainly organic fertilizer, appropriately combined with some quick-acting fertilizer. In addition to organic fertilizer, combining the application of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer or nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer can promote the roots' absorption of nutrient elements and increase the tree's accumulation of nutrients. Close-up of flower buds
Red dates sprout in mid-to-late March, so pre-sprouting topdressing can be carried out in early March. This topdressing is especially important, as it can not only promote sprouting but is also very beneficial to flower bud differentiation, flowering, and fruit setting. The early growth stage of jujube trees is a period of intense competition among organs for nutrients. At this time, because the tree's stored nutrients are often insufficient, the normal development of various organs is affected, and even poor flowering and fruit setting and hindered fruit development may result. Therefore, this topdressing not only ensures the normal growth of jujube trees and their nutrient requirements, but also helps increase yield.
Jujube bears many fruits
Red dates produce many flowers and have a long flowering period, consuming a large amount of nutrients. If nutrient supply is insufficient during this period, it will cause a large amount of flower and fruit drop. Therefore, if the tree's nutrients can be supplemented in time during the flowering period, it can not only increase the fruit-setting rate but also benefit the growth and development of the fruit. Topdressing at the flowering stage mostly uses the method of spraying organic liquid fertilizer on the leaves. Fertilizer enters through the leaves, and its absorption speed is faster than absorption from the soil, so it can promptly supplement the needed nutrients. Flowering-stage topdressing is generally done once when 30% of jujube flowers have opened, and then once more after an interval of one week, which can increase the fruit-setting rate of red dates.
After the first physiological fruit drop of red dates, the fruit develops rapidly. The early stage of development is cell division. After the cells stop dividing, the number of cells no longer increases, and subsequent fruit development is manifested in the enlargement of cell volume. However, whether it is an increase in the number of fruit cells or an increase in cell volume, both directly affect the size of the fruit, and further affect the level of yield. If nutrients are sufficient, cell division and volume enlargement can be accelerated. If fertilizer and water are insufficient, fruit development is affected, and fruit drop may even occur. Therefore, topdressing at the young fruit stage not only directly affects the level of yield but also relates to the quality of the fruit. Topdressing is best done in mid-to-late May. Applying an appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer can meet the needs of jujube fruit development and improve fruit quality.
It is advisable to apply potassium fertilizer by broadcasting in late June (two weeks before the white-ripe stage), while keeping the orchard soil slightly dry, which can promote growth before fruit ripening, increase fruit weight, and increase the accumulation of fruit soluble solids. This is especially not to be ignored for plants bearing many fruits. In addition to broadcasting topdressing, a small amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer can also be sprayed, which can delay the aging process of leaves, improve the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves, help the accumulation of nutrients in the later stage, and also have a good effect on the growth and fruiting of the following year.
During the dormant period and early growth stage, if branch bending and branch propping methods can be used to allocate the stored nutrients needed for early growth, it can also regulate the balance between vegetative growth and vegetative growth during the early fruit-setting period, which is beneficial to stable fruit setting and fruit enlargement. In mid-to-late May, during the young fruit stage and the summer shoot sprouting stage, pinching the tips helps stabilize fruit setting and enlarge the fruit. In late June, repairing and fixing supports, or strengthening trunk support, can prevent wind from toppling and breaking branches.