How to correctly select a mycotoxin adsorbent
Correctly selecting a mycotoxin adsorbent
There are currently many mycotoxin adsorbent or binder products on the market. Generally speaking, they can be divided into two categories: first, inorganic binders, such as zeolite, bentonite and various clays; second, organic adsorbents, such as yeast cell wall extracts, cellulose and hemicellulose. Regardless of which category of product is chosen, the following principles should be met:
1 It must have high adsorption capacity
High adsorption capacity comes from a huge adsorption surface area. The average specific surface area of zeolite powder is 18 sq m/g, the average specific surface area of kaolin is 23 sq m/g, and the specific surface area of Toxin Binder (previous generation) is 848 sq m/g. If a product lacks this data, it is possible that the product lacks basic research. In principle, the first checkpoint in choosing a product is to look at the size of the specific surface area. Below 600, there are usually relatively large interlayer channels, which provide a greater opportunity to adsorb nutrients. Adsorption and adhesion are essentially different. Adsorption is generally explained as "high-strength binding", while adhesion relies on a huge surface area to stick to part of the toxins rather than binding them. These toxins will be released during intestinal peristalsis and absorbed into the blood, thereby producing toxic effects. Although activated carbon has a huge surface area, it cannot be used in animals to prevent aflatoxin poisoning because it cannot truly bind aflatoxin.
2 Selective adsorption
An ideal toxin adsorbent should have the characteristic of adsorbing only toxins and not nutrients. So far, the literature on selective adsorption published in internationally authoritative academic journals is very limited. The author has checked Poultry Science and Natural Toxins, and only Toxin Binder (NOVASIL) has been published there as proving to have the characteristic of selective adsorption. However, many bentonite products also claim to have selective characteristics. To help everyone understand and judge this, the U.S. Mycotoxin Committee specifically emphasized that only products proven by experiments to adsorb only toxins and not absorb nutrients can be called as having the characteristic of selective adsorption; otherwise, they cannot claim to have the characteristic of selective adsorption. Toxin Binder is proven by authoritative academic literature to have the characteristic of selective adsorption.
3 Broad-spectrum adsorption
It is required to adsorb multiple toxins well under the premise of relatively high toxin concentrations. Research on Toxin Binder proves that this product can specifically absorb aflatoxin, zearalenone and ochratoxin at the same time. Research by Dr. Donald, president of United Feed Company of the United States, shows that Toxin Binder can well overcome the toxic effects of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on piglets, while laboratory research shows that deoxynivalenol is generally very difficult for adsorbents to absorb.
4 No side effects
This means that such products must not have obvious adverse effects on animals or the human food chain or cause contamination. First, they must not absorb large amounts of nutrients. When animals are exposed to high concentrations of toxins, their demand for micronutrients is higher than usual. This determines that zeolite powder and bentonite cannot be used as toxin adsorbents. Adsorbents must not contain substances that contaminate the human food chain, such as dioxin. The latent period of dioxin causing cancer in the human body can reach more than 20 years. In Western countries, dioxin is listed as the No. 1 pollutant. China's feed industry has so far not conducted systematic testing for dioxin contamination in feed. Bentonite from the United States has been reported many times to contain dioxin exceeding standards. Therefore, every company should provide certification that dioxin meets standards when importing.
5 It must be proven effective in practice
Both laboratory and animal experiment data must be available to prove effectiveness. Many companies only provide data showing adsorption capacity in the laboratory. Activated carbon has been proven in the laboratory to adsorb a certain amount of aflatoxin, but in animal experiments it cannot prevent animal poisoning. This shows that laboratory experiment results alone are not enough to prove a product's efficacy.
To ensure that a product meets all the above five conditions and that the provided information is reliable, all the above information should have been published in authoritative academic journals.
If any company can provide a product that meets the above conditions, then the product should be classified as a high-grade specialized adsorbent for adsorbing toxins; otherwise, the product may have mild or serious shortcomings, or may even not be worth using.
Although in the United States many studies in the field of soil chemistry use monopolarity and bipolarity to describe the characteristics of different soils, generally after clay is physically modified, polarity is no longer used to express characteristics related to adsorption performance. Zeolite powder and bentonite products from abroad and domestically should be clearly classified as not usable as toxin adsorbents. This point can be implemented with reference to U.S. FDA classification.
Responsible editor: Dr. Kang
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The effect is hard to judge. I have used it. When the raw materials are good, there is no problem. When the raw materials have problems, it is unaffordable again.
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In the early stage, deoxynivalenol can cause skin irritation, lack of appetite and vomiting; in the later stage, it can cause bleeding, gangrene of the digestive tract, central nervous system problems, destruction of the immune system, decreased bone marrow hematopoietic function, and decreased spleen and reproductive function, etc.
The limit standard for DON in grain in China is 1.0 mg/kg.
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At present, there is still no very perfect product. Products on the market can only partially solve the problem.
--------------------------------------
After adsorption, I think it is still necessary to protect the intestinal tract and remove toxins.
--------------------------------------
Which manufacturer's is good, moderator please tell us
1 It must have high adsorption capacity
High adsorption capacity comes from a huge adsorption surface area. The average specific surface area of zeolite powder is 18 sq m/g, the average specific surface area of kaolin is 23 sq m/g, and the specific surface area of Toxin Binder (previous generation) is 848 sq m/g. If a product lacks this data, it is possible that the product lacks basic research. In principle, the first checkpoint in choosing a product is to look at the size of the specific surface area. Below 600, there are usually relatively large interlayer channels, which provide a greater opportunity to adsorb nutrients. Adsorption and adhesion are essentially different. Adsorption is generally explained as "high-strength binding", while adhesion relies on a huge surface area to stick to part of the toxins rather than binding them. These toxins will be released during intestinal peristalsis and absorbed into the blood, thereby producing toxic effects. Although activated carbon has a huge surface area, it cannot be used in animals to prevent aflatoxin poisoning because it cannot truly bind aflatoxin.
2 Selective adsorption
An ideal toxin adsorbent should have the characteristic of adsorbing only toxins and not nutrients. So far, the literature on selective adsorption published in internationally authoritative academic journals is very limited. The author has checked Poultry Science and Natural Toxins, and only Toxin Binder (NOVASIL) has been published there as proving to have the characteristic of selective adsorption. However, many bentonite products also claim to have selective characteristics. To help everyone understand and judge this, the U.S. Mycotoxin Committee specifically emphasized that only products proven by experiments to adsorb only toxins and not absorb nutrients can be called as having the characteristic of selective adsorption; otherwise, they cannot claim to have the characteristic of selective adsorption. Toxin Binder is proven by authoritative academic literature to have the characteristic of selective adsorption.
3 Broad-spectrum adsorption
It is required to adsorb multiple toxins well under the premise of relatively high toxin concentrations. Research on Toxin Binder proves that this product can specifically absorb aflatoxin, zearalenone and ochratoxin at the same time. Research by Dr. Donald, president of United Feed Company of the United States, shows that Toxin Binder can well overcome the toxic effects of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on piglets, while laboratory research shows that deoxynivalenol is generally very difficult for adsorbents to absorb.
4 No side effects
This means that such products must not have obvious adverse effects on animals or the human food chain or cause contamination. First, they must not absorb large amounts of nutrients. When animals are exposed to high concentrations of toxins, their demand for micronutrients is higher than usual. This determines that zeolite powder and bentonite cannot be used as toxin adsorbents. Adsorbents must not contain substances that contaminate the human food chain, such as dioxin. The latent period of dioxin causing cancer in the human body can reach more than 20 years. In Western countries, dioxin is listed as the No. 1 pollutant. China's feed industry has so far not conducted systematic testing for dioxin contamination in feed. Bentonite from the United States has been reported many times to contain dioxin exceeding standards. Therefore, every company should provide certification that dioxin meets standards when importing.
5 It must be proven effective in practice
Both laboratory and animal experiment data must be available to prove effectiveness. Many companies only provide data showing adsorption capacity in the laboratory. Activated carbon has been proven in the laboratory to adsorb a certain amount of aflatoxin, but in animal experiments it cannot prevent animal poisoning. This shows that laboratory experiment results alone are not enough to prove a product's efficacy.
To ensure that a product meets all the above five conditions and that the provided information is reliable, all the above information should have been published in authoritative academic journals.
If any company can provide a product that meets the above conditions, then the product should be classified as a high-grade specialized adsorbent for adsorbing toxins; otherwise, the product may have mild or serious shortcomings, or may even not be worth using.
Although in the United States many studies in the field of soil chemistry use monopolarity and bipolarity to describe the characteristics of different soils, generally after clay is physically modified, polarity is no longer used to express characteristics related to adsorption performance. Zeolite powder and bentonite products from abroad and domestically should be clearly classified as not usable as toxin adsorbents. This point can be implemented with reference to U.S. FDA classification.
Responsible editor: Dr. Kang
--------------------------------------
The effect is hard to judge. I have used it. When the raw materials are good, there is no problem. When the raw materials have problems, it is unaffordable again.
--------------------------------------
In the early stage, deoxynivalenol can cause skin irritation, lack of appetite and vomiting; in the later stage, it can cause bleeding, gangrene of the digestive tract, central nervous system problems, destruction of the immune system, decreased bone marrow hematopoietic function, and decreased spleen and reproductive function, etc.
The limit standard for DON in grain in China is 1.0 mg/kg.
--------------------------------------
At present, there is still no very perfect product. Products on the market can only partially solve the problem.
--------------------------------------
After adsorption, I think it is still necessary to protect the intestinal tract and remove toxins.
--------------------------------------
Which manufacturer's is good, moderator please tell us