How effective is humic acid in practice? Everyone is welcome to share their experiences.
Let's all talk about the effects of using humic acid.
I have always believed that many fishery drugs, such as those for detoxification, are just fooling ordinary people. The more expensive ones contain nothing more than VC, glucose, and the like, while the cheaper ones are things like zeolite powder and humic acid. There are also many bottom-improving products with all sorts of names - a single company can have seven or eight kinds of bottom improvers, like cooling bottom improver, detoxifying bottom improver, water-conditioning bottom improver, oxygen-increasing bottom improver, and so on. How exactly does this detoxify, and how does this improve the bottom? What problems can humic acid actually solve? Let's all discuss it. Attachment:You need to log in to download or view attachments. No account? Register
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Indeed, the useful ones are just those few raw materials. It's just that manufacturers make up all sorts of hype for publicity. Bottom improvement should mainly rely on active agents, such as photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus, yeast, and so on. Then there are things like humic acid and fulvic acid that have been fermented.
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Right, in aquaculture there are many things that are just concepts being marketed, but some things are not - every company still has its own little formula, or secret.
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The original poster is being too greedy, aren't they? Just finding some information online and bringing it here, and still charging money?
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Humic acid is a class of complex macromolecular compounds, divided into three components based on their solubility in different solvents: fulvic acid, brown humic acid, and black humic acid. Humic acid widely exists in nature in lignite, weathered coal, and peat, with content reaching 30%-70%. In the 1970s, China set off a wave of research and application of humic acid substances, mainly to solve the shortage of agricultural fertilizer at that time. Humic acid has biological activity and special structural properties, playing a unique role in plant growth. The organic acid substances provided by humic acid in natural coal are called MFA, while the humic-acid-like substances produced by our pioneering biochemical method are called BFA (Biotechnology Fulvic acid). This environmentally friendly green technology provides a larger platform for the application and development of humic acid products. At present, humic acid substances have been applied in agriculture and forestry, medical and health care, petroleum, building materials, environmental protection, pesticides, fertilizers, and other industries. Especially with the strengthening of people's environmental awareness and the prevalence of green health foods, humic acid will play an important and unique role in solving this problem and providing these edible substances. As a result, humic acid will have a broader market space and will also promote faster development of this product and industry. As for humic acid, its application in aquaculture is still rarely reported in China at present, so this article offers some discussion and review.
1 Aquaculture feed additives
1.1 Bioactive mechanism
The main elemental composition of humic acid is carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. It is a polycondensate of polyvalent phenolic aromatic compounds and nitrogen compounds. The molecular weight distribution is relatively wide: small molecules have molecular weights of tens of thousands, while large molecules range from tens of thousands to several million. The structural composition is also quite complex, containing various functional groups such as phenolic hydroxyl, hydroxyl, alcoholic hydroxyl, quinone hydroxyl, enol groups, sulfonic acid groups, amino groups, free quinone groups, semiquinone groups, quinone oxygen groups, and methoxy groups. The components are intertwined through chemical and physical interactions such as bonding, hydrogen bonding, and adsorption. The existence of these active groups determines humic acid's acidity, hydrophilicity, ion exchange capacity, complexing ability, and relatively high adsorption capacity, buffering capacity, and catalytic ability. Adding humic acid to feed can effectively adsorb various toxic and harmful substances produced during feed storage, and can also adsorb toxic substances produced during digestion and metabolism, such as amines, hydrogen sulfide, and other substances, maintaining normal intestinal microflora. Adding humic acid to feed can also act as a medicine, with significant therapeutic effects on intestinal ulcers and gastritis. Because humic acid contains small-molecule fulvic acid, it can adhere to the surface of ulcers, rapidly stopping bleeding and promoting rapid tissue healing. Humic acid has an immune-enhancing effect on animals, promoting antigen uptake, cellular immunity, and humoral immunity at all stages of the immune process. Humic acid contains quinone groups that can participate in the body's redox reactions, maintain vigorous metabolism, and promote cell proliferation. Humic acid can also act on the autonomic nervous system, inhibiting sympathetic nerve excitation, keeping animals calm, and reducing consumption. Since humic acid is an organic acid, it can regulate the pH value of the digestive tract, promote the secretion of digestive enzymes in young animals, activate the activity of various enzymes in the body, change cell membrane permeability, improve the absorption of feed nutrients, improve feed utilization, and promote growth and development. As for biochemical fulvic acid, it not only contains humic acid but also a certain amount of nucleic acid, amino acids, VB, VC, inositol, and polysaccharides. In addition to strong biological activity, it is also an important nutrient for animals. In short, according to clinical evidence, humic acid has hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, astringent, adsorbent, anti-allergic, secretion-promoting effects, regulates gastrointestinal function, improves body immunity, and enhances disease resistance in animals [5]. At present, some feed manufacturers, in order to cater to farmers' consumer psychology, increase animal growth, and pursue feed effects, add large amounts of antibiotic drugs to feed. Due to antibiotic residues, this directly affects people's health. As a green and environmentally friendly product, humic acid can absolutely be added to feed to replace antibiotic drugs. Scientific research in recent years has shown that humic acid, as a new type of feed additive, has unique efficacy and plays a very important role in farming, and will certainly promote the development of the feed industry.
1.2 Application in aquaculture feed processing and production
Due to its special farming environment, the aquaculture industry has special requirements for feed production. First, the pellet density must be relatively small so that the feed can suspend in water. However, satisfying this condition causes the binding force of microparticle components to decrease during pelletizing production, making the product easy to crush during transportation, reducing the feeding rate of fish or shrimp on the feed, and increasing farming costs. The application of humic acid will solve this problem well. Humic acid has colloidal properties and good adsorption and binding effects. It also shows a loose structure in water. At present, the Russian aquaculture feed processing and production industry has relatively good application of humic acid and relatively advanced technology. China's feed processing technology is still relatively rough, especially research on seawater microparticle feed production technology, which has just started. According to relevant information, the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences has made major breakthroughs in seawater microparticle feed processing and formula technology. It is believed that the success of this technology will better promote the development of aquaculture.
1.3 Application in aquaculture
The effects of humic acid in aquatic bait are reflected in the following aspects: 1) It improves bait utilization, with feed conversion rate increasing by about 10%; 2) Growth speed accelerates. For example, in Penaeus monodon farming, the farming time is shortened by nearly one quarter; 3) It has a drug synergistic effect. Adding an appropriate amount of BFA to aquaculture feed greatly reduces the morbidity and mortality of fish and shrimp, and stress resistance is also relatively significant; 4) It has the effect of improving meat quality.
Zhanjiang Ocean University and Zhanjiang Fubang Biochemical Co., Ltd. conducted a 2-year experiment on the application effects of humic acid in shrimp farming in the Nansan Island farming area. The result was a significant yield increase, raising output by 80-100 kg per mu of pond.
The Fisheries Research Institute of Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province, added 0.5% humic acid to feed and tested grass carp and silver carp. The weight gain rates increased by 17.6% and 24.3% compared with the control, and the survival rate increased by 15%. There was also no fish death during the experimental farming period. Humic acid has the same special effects in other livestock and poultry farming [6]. For example, in Hungary, when humic acid was used as an additive, pigs grew to 110 kg and the farming time was shortened by one week. In fisheries, in eel farming, the yield increase rate was 16.3%. The Beijing Dongfeng Farm tested laying hens with an addition amount of 0.3%. The laying rate increased by 26.98%. The Zhanjiang Agricultural Science Institute used humic acid in a fattening experiment on feeder pigs. In the first stage of 60 days, the comparative weight gain rate was 17.2%, and in the second stage the weight gain reached 25%. The Beijing Dongfeng Farm tested female mink and young mink. Compared with the control group, the weight gain rate of female mink reached 32%, the weight gain rate of young mink was 27.3%, and the methyl pelt was 32.5% higher than the control group. In short, humic acid, as a special feed additive, has played a significant role in the aquaculture industry.
2 Regulation and purification of aquaculture water quality and bottom improvement effects
The quality of the aquaculture water environment is an important link in whether farming succeeds or not. This is the principle that to raise fish, you must first raise water. In recent years, with the development of aquaculture technology, high-density farming technology has generally been adopted to increase yield per unit area. As a result, feed input per unit area increases greatly. Because the feeding rate of feed is not very high, remaining high-protein feed sinks to the bottom and ferments, producing H2S, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite, and other toxic and harmful substances, while also increasing the content of organic matter in the water body. The existence of these substances seriously affects the growth of fish or shrimp and increases morbidity and mortality. In mild cases, yield decreases; in severe cases, total loss and no harvest. If this situation occurs in the middle and late stages of farming, the loss is relatively severe.
At present, the main methods for aquaculture water quality purification and bottom improvement are: 1) Adsorption and precipitation using zeolite powder and other polymeric iron or aluminum salts. Because zeolite powder contains a large number of micropores, it can adsorb ammoniacal nitrogen, H2S, and other heavy metals in water, causing them to sink to the bottom and reducing their distribution in the pond water body. Using inorganic polymers utilizes the hydroxide colloid produced to adsorb organic suspended matter in the water body, precipitating it to the pond bottom and achieving the effect of improving transparency. 2) The use of microbial preparations is a new way to purify aquaculture water quality and improve the bottom. For example, photosynthetic bacteria can fully utilize harmful substances in the water body and other organic pollutants as nutrients for bacterial growth and reproduction. With photosynthetic bacteria, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen in water reaches 66%, the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reaches over 94%, and the removal rate of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) reaches over 98%. The reason humic acid substances can be used for water quality purification and bottom improvement in aquaculture is determined by their special structure and properties. Humic acid has colloidal properties, shows a loose structure in aqueous solution, and, together with containing various active groups, therefore has strong ion exchange capacity, adsorption, complexation, and chelation capacity. According to electron microscope observations by Flaiy and others, the smallest dispersed particles of humic acid in water are 6-10 nm. In this way, humic acid particles and other microparticles adsorbed with them will aggregate, producing flocculent precipitation, thereby purifying suspended organic matter in the water body and improving water transparency.
The various active groups contained in humic acid have a complexing effect on harmful heavy metals in water, and through enrichment and precipitation, they purify water quality. The pH value of seawater aquaculture water is generally 8.0-8.5. Humic acid contains phenolic hydroxyl groups, and its complexation principle is:
For the complexation of metal ions by humic acid, Beck-With once used a potentiometric titrator and summarized their stability order as: Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+ > Fe2+ > Mn2+ > Mg2+.
In shrimp seedling culture and farming, the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences studied the removal of heavy metal toxicity to young shrimp by humic acid and found that humic acid can not only purify water quality and remove the toxicity of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ to young shrimp, but also effectively promote young shrimp growth, increase the survival rate by 14%, advance the pond-exit period, and produce robust larvae with strong vitality and uniform body form. Zhanjiang Ocean University and Zhanjiang Fubang Biochemical Co., Ltd. studied the water purification, water conditioning, and bottom improvement effects of humic acid in the Nanshan Island shrimp farming area. The result was that by applying 1-1.5 kg of sodium humate per mu, the water quality stability period reached more than 10 days, transparency remained at 30-40 cm, and the water body showed a feeling of "fertile, lively, tender, and refreshing." Shrimp had a strong appetite, strong physique, and fast growth. Through control experiments, with a 15-day interval, the comparative weight gain rate in the first stage was 18.3%, and in the second stage it was 21.6%. As for biochemical fulvic acid, its molecular weight is relatively small. In addition to containing 50% humic acid, it also contains 15% nucleic acid, amino acids (25 kinds, 9%), VB, VC, inositol, polysaccharides, and so on. These active substances have very high physiological activity for organisms. Therefore, these substances can promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms and unicellular algae in the water body. The growth of these organisms can increase dissolved oxygen in the water body and also provide natural food for shrimp.
3 Development prospects of humic acid
As a new type of green and environmentally friendly aquaculture feed additive, humic acid is still increasing at a rate of 8%. Humic acid used in aquaculture is still rarely reported in China at present. As a natural active substance, it can replace antibiotics within a certain range and be used as a disease-prevention agent. Developing humic acid has broad market prospects. Problems existing in the humic acid industry include small production scale, relatively backward technology, unstable quality, weak technical strength of various enterprises, and insufficient development and application research, which restrict the development of this industry. The unique efficacy of humic acid and its mechanism are still not well understood and require further research in order to improve humic acid's broader application space and application value.
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When is this information from?
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Please speak up, seniors. I am here to learn.
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Can you tell me what color fermented sodium humate is? I have never seen it. Also talk about the situation of its use in laying hen feed? What effects does it have??
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Sodium humate (NaHA)
Characteristics: dark brown powder, easily soluble in water, aqueous solution is alkaline.
Quality indicators:
Item Indicator
First-grade product Second-grade product
Water-soluble humic acid content (dry basis), % ≥ 50 45
Water-insoluble matter, % ≤ 15 25
Moisture, % ≤ 15
Fineness (residue through 40-mesh sieve) % ≤ 5
pH value 9~10
Uses: This product has relatively wide uses. In drilling fluids it is used as a viscosity-reducing and fluid-loss-reducing agent, and it can resist temperatures up to 200 °C. Its disadvantage is relatively weak salt resistance.
At present, sodium humate has been widely used in various industries as an additive, including ceramics, feed, mineral processing, pellet binding, industrial water treatment, and so on. In medicine, research and application have also begun, such as treating certain skin diseases. Therefore, the uses of sodium humate are becoming increasingly widespread.
Packaging: outer woven bag, inner plastic film. 25 kg/bag
Precautions: strictly prevent moisture and rain.
Sodium humate is a macromolecular organic substance widely present in nature, with large reserves, but it is a resource that has not yet been fully developed and utilized. At present, relevant departments have noticed the development of this resource. Compound sodium humate is a new type of feed additive. This product integrates the interactions of humic acid, sodium humate, citric acid, and hawthorn extract, achieving very significant antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, astringent and anti-diarrheal effects, and effects of improving production performance.
Sodium humate has been widely used in pig, poultry, herbivore, and other livestock breeding in China. Sodium humate has the effects of astringing and stopping diarrhea, promoting growth, and improving animal production performance. In addition, sodium humate has many advantages such as wide resources, low price, convenient use, obvious effects, and no drug residues, so its application prospects are broad. Jiang Anwen (1) reported as early as 1999 that many feeding experiments proved that sodium humate improved animal production performance.
1. Application in the chicken industry
Wang Neigui (2) in 1981 used a self-made compound livestock and poultry growth promoter mainly based on sodium humate to test 404 laying hens of the same month age. The experimental group was given 1 g of sodium humate additive daily, and the result was that the laying rate of the experimental group increased by 24.5% compared with the control group.
The Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Bureau of Haidian District, Beijing (5) studied the effects of sodium humate on the laying rate of laying hens, the plasma composition of chickens, and the nutritional composition of eggs. A total of 1016 experimental chicks were selected. The experimental group had 1.5‰-2‰ added to the feed in proportion (calculated as pure amount), with sodium humate content of 79%. The results showed: (1) within 80 days, each chicken in the experimental group gained 85.6 g more on average than the control group, increasing weight gain by 7.6%, a significant difference (P<0.01）；⑵试验组死亡率比对照组降低7.6%（P<0.05）；⑶试验组见蛋和开产日期比对照组提前2～5天，9个月平均产蛋率试验组比对照组高7.1%（P<0.01）；⑷试验组料蛋比为3.06:1，对照组为3.49:1；⑸试验组蛋重、体积、蛋清重及蛋白质浓度均比对照组有显著性提高。
Jiang Anwen (1) observed the effects of adding sodium humate (content 79.84%) to broilers. There were 500 experimental chickens. The results showed: (1) the experimental group gained 5.9 g more than the control group, that is, 11.4 g more than the control group, indicating that this product used as an additive
does indeed have a certain promoting effect on the growth and development of broilers and can increase daily weight gain; (2) the mortality rate of the experimental group was 4.3% lower than that of the control group, indicating that this product can enhance the chicken flock's resistance to some infectious diseases and reduce mortality; (3) each chicken in the experimental group consumed 9.6% less feed than the control group, and the experimental group could gain 39 g more meat per kg of feed than the control group, that is, 23% more meat.
This shows that sodium humate can reduce feed consumption, that is, improve feed returns and lower costs.
2. Application in pig production
Sodium humate can increase daily gain in pigs and shorten the fattening period. From 1976 to 1978, Wang Neigui and others (2) conducted experiments with 206 pigs from 5 pig farms and 213 pigs raised by farmers. In the experimental group, pigs over 50 kg were given 10 g daily, pigs from 15-50 kg were given 7 g daily, and pigs under 15 kg
were given 4 g daily, all mixed into food in divided doses. The experimental period was 1 month. The results showed that the experimental group's average daily weight gain increased by 150-200 g compared with the control group, and the fattening period could be shortened by 30-50 days. The pigs showed strong appetite, shiny coat, ruddy skin, were more prone to lying down and sleeping, did not root around the pen, did not jump over walls, had soft feces, and the odor was noticeably reduced.
Sodium humate and olaquindox both have significant effects on fattening pigs. Generally speaking, there is no obvious difference between the two. Cai Dengdi and others (4) conducted a comparative experiment on fattening pigs using sodium humate and olaquindox in May 1988. The results showed that the weight gain efficiency of the sodium humate and olaquindox groups increased by 22.7% and 28.9%, respectively, compared with the control group. Comparing the two experimental groups: adding olaquindox increased average daily gain per pig by 15 g more than adding sodium humate, with a weight gain rate 5% higher, and the difference between the two groups was not significant. However, according to reports (3), pigs with added olaquindox had increased water loss rate, while pigs with added sodium humate had oil content, moisture content, various trace elements, total protein content in lean meat, blood and liver function tests, radioactivity, and other measurements all within the normal range. Pathological dissection of various organs showed no obvious lesions.
3. Application research in dairy cattle
Practice has proved that adding a certain amount of sodium humate to dairy cattle feed has obvious effects on improving production rate. In 1987, Wang Zhongxin (2) used a compound R-I type feed made mainly from sodium humate to conduct 3 experiments at the Yonghua Dairy Farm in Hangjin Rear Banner, Bayannur League. The results showed that throughout the experimental period, the milk production rate of the experimental group increased by about 15% compared with the control group, and the average daily milk increase per cow was 2.04 kg more than the control group; the experimental cattle had a consistently good appetite, smooth and shiny hair, good health, and no abnormal changes. In 1994, Jiang Anwen (1) and others used sodium humate to test 100 lactating cows in 2 periods (each period 30 days). Each cow in the experimental group was given 30 kg daily, divided into 3 times, 10 kg each time, wrapped in paper and placed directly on the feed during feeding. The average milk yield per cow was measured 3 times before, during, and at the end of the experiment, and the average daily milk yield per cow was calculated. The results showed that each cow in the experimental group produced 1.15 kg more milk per day than the control group, with a daily milk increase rate of 6.75%, and the effect was very obvious.
Sodium humate also has a very obvious effect in buffering urea poisoning in cattle and improving urea utilization. In 1982, Wang Neigui and others (2) conducted an experiment at the Jincheng Dairy Farm. Before the experiment, a certain amount of urea was often added to feed to improve production
rate, but ammonia poisoning often occurred during feeding, limiting the use of urea. For this reason, they used sodium humate to adsorb excess ammonia gas decomposed from urea by rumen microorganisms during digestion, which not only alleviated the toxic effects of urea on livestock, but also, because the ammonia gas absorbed by sodium humate reduced odor, improved the fertilizer efficiency of livestock manure. In the control group, each cow was given 60 g of urea once a day and poisoning occurred. In the experimental group with added sodium humate, even when 80 g of urea was fed at one time, no poisoning occurred, and from beginning to end each cow produced 2.9 kg more milk per day than the control group. The color and odor of the milk produced were normal, and the dairy cattle had shiny hair, good spirit, appetite, and no abnormal feces.
4. Application in sheep fattening
Cai Dengdi and others (5) conducted a comparative experiment in 1987 on the effects of humic acid and olaquindox in lamb fattening. The experimental period was 56 days. The humic acid used had a content of 50%, and each lamb was fed 4% daily, mixed into a small amount of concentrated feed; the olaquindox used was a 98% powder, and each lamb was given 0.025 g daily, mixed into a small amount of concentrated feed. The results showed that adding humic acid produced an average daily weight gain 16 g more per animal than adding olaquindox, and 49 g more than the control group, with an obvious effect; especially in each 1-month period, the humic acid group gained an average of 100 g per animal per day, the olaquindox group gained 72 g, and the control group only 24 g.
5. Others. The application of sodium humate in raising sika deer and in sericulture has also achieved significant results. These will not be elaborated one by one here.
In short, sodium humate can be widely used in the breeding industry: for laying hens, it can increase the laying rate, feed returns, and eggshell quality; reduce mortality and culling rate. For broilers, it can improve feed returns and reduce mortality and culling rate. For pig raising, it can be equivalent to the effects of olaquindox, with no drug residues, no toxic side effects, and improved meat quality. Pigs have strong appetite, red skin and shiny hair, and feces odor is noticeably reduced. In addition, for herbivores (cattle, sheep, deer, etc.), it clearly improves productivity. According to the above discussion, the various inherent physicochemical properties of sodium humate participate in various metabolic activities of the animal body. It has both the same effects as similar products and effects that other products cannot replace. It prevents gastrointestinal diseases, improves animal product quality, and improves production performance, with obvious effects and no toxic side effects. As an additive, it can be promoted and applied in livestock and poultry feed.
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Sorry, everyone. This is my first time posting an attachment. I did not know that posting an attachment would charge you money. Next time when I have good material, I will come sell it to you all again.
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Although humic acid has many effects, this thing is not in the Ministry of Agriculture's feed additive catalog, so using it now is somewhat suspected of being non-compliant.
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Indeed, the useful ones are just those few raw materials. It's just that manufacturers make up all sorts of hype for publicity. Bottom improvement should mainly rely on active agents, such as photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus, yeast, and so on. Then there are things like humic acid and fulvic acid that have been fermented.
--------------------------------------
Right, in aquaculture there are many things that are just concepts being marketed, but some things are not - every company still has its own little formula, or secret.
--------------------------------------
The original poster is being too greedy, aren't they? Just finding some information online and bringing it here, and still charging money?
--------------------------------------
Humic acid is a class of complex macromolecular compounds, divided into three components based on their solubility in different solvents: fulvic acid, brown humic acid, and black humic acid. Humic acid widely exists in nature in lignite, weathered coal, and peat, with content reaching 30%-70%. In the 1970s, China set off a wave of research and application of humic acid substances, mainly to solve the shortage of agricultural fertilizer at that time. Humic acid has biological activity and special structural properties, playing a unique role in plant growth. The organic acid substances provided by humic acid in natural coal are called MFA, while the humic-acid-like substances produced by our pioneering biochemical method are called BFA (Biotechnology Fulvic acid). This environmentally friendly green technology provides a larger platform for the application and development of humic acid products. At present, humic acid substances have been applied in agriculture and forestry, medical and health care, petroleum, building materials, environmental protection, pesticides, fertilizers, and other industries. Especially with the strengthening of people's environmental awareness and the prevalence of green health foods, humic acid will play an important and unique role in solving this problem and providing these edible substances. As a result, humic acid will have a broader market space and will also promote faster development of this product and industry. As for humic acid, its application in aquaculture is still rarely reported in China at present, so this article offers some discussion and review.
1 Aquaculture feed additives
1.1 Bioactive mechanism
The main elemental composition of humic acid is carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. It is a polycondensate of polyvalent phenolic aromatic compounds and nitrogen compounds. The molecular weight distribution is relatively wide: small molecules have molecular weights of tens of thousands, while large molecules range from tens of thousands to several million. The structural composition is also quite complex, containing various functional groups such as phenolic hydroxyl, hydroxyl, alcoholic hydroxyl, quinone hydroxyl, enol groups, sulfonic acid groups, amino groups, free quinone groups, semiquinone groups, quinone oxygen groups, and methoxy groups. The components are intertwined through chemical and physical interactions such as bonding, hydrogen bonding, and adsorption. The existence of these active groups determines humic acid's acidity, hydrophilicity, ion exchange capacity, complexing ability, and relatively high adsorption capacity, buffering capacity, and catalytic ability. Adding humic acid to feed can effectively adsorb various toxic and harmful substances produced during feed storage, and can also adsorb toxic substances produced during digestion and metabolism, such as amines, hydrogen sulfide, and other substances, maintaining normal intestinal microflora. Adding humic acid to feed can also act as a medicine, with significant therapeutic effects on intestinal ulcers and gastritis. Because humic acid contains small-molecule fulvic acid, it can adhere to the surface of ulcers, rapidly stopping bleeding and promoting rapid tissue healing. Humic acid has an immune-enhancing effect on animals, promoting antigen uptake, cellular immunity, and humoral immunity at all stages of the immune process. Humic acid contains quinone groups that can participate in the body's redox reactions, maintain vigorous metabolism, and promote cell proliferation. Humic acid can also act on the autonomic nervous system, inhibiting sympathetic nerve excitation, keeping animals calm, and reducing consumption. Since humic acid is an organic acid, it can regulate the pH value of the digestive tract, promote the secretion of digestive enzymes in young animals, activate the activity of various enzymes in the body, change cell membrane permeability, improve the absorption of feed nutrients, improve feed utilization, and promote growth and development. As for biochemical fulvic acid, it not only contains humic acid but also a certain amount of nucleic acid, amino acids, VB, VC, inositol, and polysaccharides. In addition to strong biological activity, it is also an important nutrient for animals. In short, according to clinical evidence, humic acid has hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, astringent, adsorbent, anti-allergic, secretion-promoting effects, regulates gastrointestinal function, improves body immunity, and enhances disease resistance in animals [5]. At present, some feed manufacturers, in order to cater to farmers' consumer psychology, increase animal growth, and pursue feed effects, add large amounts of antibiotic drugs to feed. Due to antibiotic residues, this directly affects people's health. As a green and environmentally friendly product, humic acid can absolutely be added to feed to replace antibiotic drugs. Scientific research in recent years has shown that humic acid, as a new type of feed additive, has unique efficacy and plays a very important role in farming, and will certainly promote the development of the feed industry.
1.2 Application in aquaculture feed processing and production
Due to its special farming environment, the aquaculture industry has special requirements for feed production. First, the pellet density must be relatively small so that the feed can suspend in water. However, satisfying this condition causes the binding force of microparticle components to decrease during pelletizing production, making the product easy to crush during transportation, reducing the feeding rate of fish or shrimp on the feed, and increasing farming costs. The application of humic acid will solve this problem well. Humic acid has colloidal properties and good adsorption and binding effects. It also shows a loose structure in water. At present, the Russian aquaculture feed processing and production industry has relatively good application of humic acid and relatively advanced technology. China's feed processing technology is still relatively rough, especially research on seawater microparticle feed production technology, which has just started. According to relevant information, the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences has made major breakthroughs in seawater microparticle feed processing and formula technology. It is believed that the success of this technology will better promote the development of aquaculture.
1.3 Application in aquaculture
The effects of humic acid in aquatic bait are reflected in the following aspects: 1) It improves bait utilization, with feed conversion rate increasing by about 10%; 2) Growth speed accelerates. For example, in Penaeus monodon farming, the farming time is shortened by nearly one quarter; 3) It has a drug synergistic effect. Adding an appropriate amount of BFA to aquaculture feed greatly reduces the morbidity and mortality of fish and shrimp, and stress resistance is also relatively significant; 4) It has the effect of improving meat quality.
Zhanjiang Ocean University and Zhanjiang Fubang Biochemical Co., Ltd. conducted a 2-year experiment on the application effects of humic acid in shrimp farming in the Nansan Island farming area. The result was a significant yield increase, raising output by 80-100 kg per mu of pond.
The Fisheries Research Institute of Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province, added 0.5% humic acid to feed and tested grass carp and silver carp. The weight gain rates increased by 17.6% and 24.3% compared with the control, and the survival rate increased by 15%. There was also no fish death during the experimental farming period. Humic acid has the same special effects in other livestock and poultry farming [6]. For example, in Hungary, when humic acid was used as an additive, pigs grew to 110 kg and the farming time was shortened by one week. In fisheries, in eel farming, the yield increase rate was 16.3%. The Beijing Dongfeng Farm tested laying hens with an addition amount of 0.3%. The laying rate increased by 26.98%. The Zhanjiang Agricultural Science Institute used humic acid in a fattening experiment on feeder pigs. In the first stage of 60 days, the comparative weight gain rate was 17.2%, and in the second stage the weight gain reached 25%. The Beijing Dongfeng Farm tested female mink and young mink. Compared with the control group, the weight gain rate of female mink reached 32%, the weight gain rate of young mink was 27.3%, and the methyl pelt was 32.5% higher than the control group. In short, humic acid, as a special feed additive, has played a significant role in the aquaculture industry.
2 Regulation and purification of aquaculture water quality and bottom improvement effects
The quality of the aquaculture water environment is an important link in whether farming succeeds or not. This is the principle that to raise fish, you must first raise water. In recent years, with the development of aquaculture technology, high-density farming technology has generally been adopted to increase yield per unit area. As a result, feed input per unit area increases greatly. Because the feeding rate of feed is not very high, remaining high-protein feed sinks to the bottom and ferments, producing H2S, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite, and other toxic and harmful substances, while also increasing the content of organic matter in the water body. The existence of these substances seriously affects the growth of fish or shrimp and increases morbidity and mortality. In mild cases, yield decreases; in severe cases, total loss and no harvest. If this situation occurs in the middle and late stages of farming, the loss is relatively severe.
At present, the main methods for aquaculture water quality purification and bottom improvement are: 1) Adsorption and precipitation using zeolite powder and other polymeric iron or aluminum salts. Because zeolite powder contains a large number of micropores, it can adsorb ammoniacal nitrogen, H2S, and other heavy metals in water, causing them to sink to the bottom and reducing their distribution in the pond water body. Using inorganic polymers utilizes the hydroxide colloid produced to adsorb organic suspended matter in the water body, precipitating it to the pond bottom and achieving the effect of improving transparency. 2) The use of microbial preparations is a new way to purify aquaculture water quality and improve the bottom. For example, photosynthetic bacteria can fully utilize harmful substances in the water body and other organic pollutants as nutrients for bacterial growth and reproduction. With photosynthetic bacteria, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen in water reaches 66%, the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reaches over 94%, and the removal rate of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) reaches over 98%. The reason humic acid substances can be used for water quality purification and bottom improvement in aquaculture is determined by their special structure and properties. Humic acid has colloidal properties, shows a loose structure in aqueous solution, and, together with containing various active groups, therefore has strong ion exchange capacity, adsorption, complexation, and chelation capacity. According to electron microscope observations by Flaiy and others, the smallest dispersed particles of humic acid in water are 6-10 nm. In this way, humic acid particles and other microparticles adsorbed with them will aggregate, producing flocculent precipitation, thereby purifying suspended organic matter in the water body and improving water transparency.
The various active groups contained in humic acid have a complexing effect on harmful heavy metals in water, and through enrichment and precipitation, they purify water quality. The pH value of seawater aquaculture water is generally 8.0-8.5. Humic acid contains phenolic hydroxyl groups, and its complexation principle is:
For the complexation of metal ions by humic acid, Beck-With once used a potentiometric titrator and summarized their stability order as: Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+ > Fe2+ > Mn2+ > Mg2+.
In shrimp seedling culture and farming, the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences studied the removal of heavy metal toxicity to young shrimp by humic acid and found that humic acid can not only purify water quality and remove the toxicity of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ to young shrimp, but also effectively promote young shrimp growth, increase the survival rate by 14%, advance the pond-exit period, and produce robust larvae with strong vitality and uniform body form. Zhanjiang Ocean University and Zhanjiang Fubang Biochemical Co., Ltd. studied the water purification, water conditioning, and bottom improvement effects of humic acid in the Nanshan Island shrimp farming area. The result was that by applying 1-1.5 kg of sodium humate per mu, the water quality stability period reached more than 10 days, transparency remained at 30-40 cm, and the water body showed a feeling of "fertile, lively, tender, and refreshing." Shrimp had a strong appetite, strong physique, and fast growth. Through control experiments, with a 15-day interval, the comparative weight gain rate in the first stage was 18.3%, and in the second stage it was 21.6%. As for biochemical fulvic acid, its molecular weight is relatively small. In addition to containing 50% humic acid, it also contains 15% nucleic acid, amino acids (25 kinds, 9%), VB, VC, inositol, polysaccharides, and so on. These active substances have very high physiological activity for organisms. Therefore, these substances can promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms and unicellular algae in the water body. The growth of these organisms can increase dissolved oxygen in the water body and also provide natural food for shrimp.
3 Development prospects of humic acid
As a new type of green and environmentally friendly aquaculture feed additive, humic acid is still increasing at a rate of 8%. Humic acid used in aquaculture is still rarely reported in China at present. As a natural active substance, it can replace antibiotics within a certain range and be used as a disease-prevention agent. Developing humic acid has broad market prospects. Problems existing in the humic acid industry include small production scale, relatively backward technology, unstable quality, weak technical strength of various enterprises, and insufficient development and application research, which restrict the development of this industry. The unique efficacy of humic acid and its mechanism are still not well understood and require further research in order to improve humic acid's broader application space and application value.
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When is this information from?
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Please speak up, seniors. I am here to learn.
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Can you tell me what color fermented sodium humate is? I have never seen it. Also talk about the situation of its use in laying hen feed? What effects does it have??
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Sodium humate (NaHA)
Characteristics: dark brown powder, easily soluble in water, aqueous solution is alkaline.
Quality indicators:
Item Indicator
First-grade product Second-grade product
Water-soluble humic acid content (dry basis), % ≥ 50 45
Water-insoluble matter, % ≤ 15 25
Moisture, % ≤ 15
Fineness (residue through 40-mesh sieve) % ≤ 5
pH value 9~10
Uses: This product has relatively wide uses. In drilling fluids it is used as a viscosity-reducing and fluid-loss-reducing agent, and it can resist temperatures up to 200 °C. Its disadvantage is relatively weak salt resistance.
At present, sodium humate has been widely used in various industries as an additive, including ceramics, feed, mineral processing, pellet binding, industrial water treatment, and so on. In medicine, research and application have also begun, such as treating certain skin diseases. Therefore, the uses of sodium humate are becoming increasingly widespread.
Packaging: outer woven bag, inner plastic film. 25 kg/bag
Precautions: strictly prevent moisture and rain.
Sodium humate is a macromolecular organic substance widely present in nature, with large reserves, but it is a resource that has not yet been fully developed and utilized. At present, relevant departments have noticed the development of this resource. Compound sodium humate is a new type of feed additive. This product integrates the interactions of humic acid, sodium humate, citric acid, and hawthorn extract, achieving very significant antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, astringent and anti-diarrheal effects, and effects of improving production performance.
Sodium humate has been widely used in pig, poultry, herbivore, and other livestock breeding in China. Sodium humate has the effects of astringing and stopping diarrhea, promoting growth, and improving animal production performance. In addition, sodium humate has many advantages such as wide resources, low price, convenient use, obvious effects, and no drug residues, so its application prospects are broad. Jiang Anwen (1) reported as early as 1999 that many feeding experiments proved that sodium humate improved animal production performance.
1. Application in the chicken industry
Wang Neigui (2) in 1981 used a self-made compound livestock and poultry growth promoter mainly based on sodium humate to test 404 laying hens of the same month age. The experimental group was given 1 g of sodium humate additive daily, and the result was that the laying rate of the experimental group increased by 24.5% compared with the control group.
The Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Bureau of Haidian District, Beijing (5) studied the effects of sodium humate on the laying rate of laying hens, the plasma composition of chickens, and the nutritional composition of eggs. A total of 1016 experimental chicks were selected. The experimental group had 1.5‰-2‰ added to the feed in proportion (calculated as pure amount), with sodium humate content of 79%. The results showed: (1) within 80 days, each chicken in the experimental group gained 85.6 g more on average than the control group, increasing weight gain by 7.6%, a significant difference (P<0.01）；⑵试验组死亡率比对照组降低7.6%（P<0.05）；⑶试验组见蛋和开产日期比对照组提前2～5天，9个月平均产蛋率试验组比对照组高7.1%（P<0.01）；⑷试验组料蛋比为3.06:1，对照组为3.49:1；⑸试验组蛋重、体积、蛋清重及蛋白质浓度均比对照组有显著性提高。
Jiang Anwen (1) observed the effects of adding sodium humate (content 79.84%) to broilers. There were 500 experimental chickens. The results showed: (1) the experimental group gained 5.9 g more than the control group, that is, 11.4 g more than the control group, indicating that this product used as an additive
does indeed have a certain promoting effect on the growth and development of broilers and can increase daily weight gain; (2) the mortality rate of the experimental group was 4.3% lower than that of the control group, indicating that this product can enhance the chicken flock's resistance to some infectious diseases and reduce mortality; (3) each chicken in the experimental group consumed 9.6% less feed than the control group, and the experimental group could gain 39 g more meat per kg of feed than the control group, that is, 23% more meat.
This shows that sodium humate can reduce feed consumption, that is, improve feed returns and lower costs.
2. Application in pig production
Sodium humate can increase daily gain in pigs and shorten the fattening period. From 1976 to 1978, Wang Neigui and others (2) conducted experiments with 206 pigs from 5 pig farms and 213 pigs raised by farmers. In the experimental group, pigs over 50 kg were given 10 g daily, pigs from 15-50 kg were given 7 g daily, and pigs under 15 kg
were given 4 g daily, all mixed into food in divided doses. The experimental period was 1 month. The results showed that the experimental group's average daily weight gain increased by 150-200 g compared with the control group, and the fattening period could be shortened by 30-50 days. The pigs showed strong appetite, shiny coat, ruddy skin, were more prone to lying down and sleeping, did not root around the pen, did not jump over walls, had soft feces, and the odor was noticeably reduced.
Sodium humate and olaquindox both have significant effects on fattening pigs. Generally speaking, there is no obvious difference between the two. Cai Dengdi and others (4) conducted a comparative experiment on fattening pigs using sodium humate and olaquindox in May 1988. The results showed that the weight gain efficiency of the sodium humate and olaquindox groups increased by 22.7% and 28.9%, respectively, compared with the control group. Comparing the two experimental groups: adding olaquindox increased average daily gain per pig by 15 g more than adding sodium humate, with a weight gain rate 5% higher, and the difference between the two groups was not significant. However, according to reports (3), pigs with added olaquindox had increased water loss rate, while pigs with added sodium humate had oil content, moisture content, various trace elements, total protein content in lean meat, blood and liver function tests, radioactivity, and other measurements all within the normal range. Pathological dissection of various organs showed no obvious lesions.
3. Application research in dairy cattle
Practice has proved that adding a certain amount of sodium humate to dairy cattle feed has obvious effects on improving production rate. In 1987, Wang Zhongxin (2) used a compound R-I type feed made mainly from sodium humate to conduct 3 experiments at the Yonghua Dairy Farm in Hangjin Rear Banner, Bayannur League. The results showed that throughout the experimental period, the milk production rate of the experimental group increased by about 15% compared with the control group, and the average daily milk increase per cow was 2.04 kg more than the control group; the experimental cattle had a consistently good appetite, smooth and shiny hair, good health, and no abnormal changes. In 1994, Jiang Anwen (1) and others used sodium humate to test 100 lactating cows in 2 periods (each period 30 days). Each cow in the experimental group was given 30 kg daily, divided into 3 times, 10 kg each time, wrapped in paper and placed directly on the feed during feeding. The average milk yield per cow was measured 3 times before, during, and at the end of the experiment, and the average daily milk yield per cow was calculated. The results showed that each cow in the experimental group produced 1.15 kg more milk per day than the control group, with a daily milk increase rate of 6.75%, and the effect was very obvious.
Sodium humate also has a very obvious effect in buffering urea poisoning in cattle and improving urea utilization. In 1982, Wang Neigui and others (2) conducted an experiment at the Jincheng Dairy Farm. Before the experiment, a certain amount of urea was often added to feed to improve production
rate, but ammonia poisoning often occurred during feeding, limiting the use of urea. For this reason, they used sodium humate to adsorb excess ammonia gas decomposed from urea by rumen microorganisms during digestion, which not only alleviated the toxic effects of urea on livestock, but also, because the ammonia gas absorbed by sodium humate reduced odor, improved the fertilizer efficiency of livestock manure. In the control group, each cow was given 60 g of urea once a day and poisoning occurred. In the experimental group with added sodium humate, even when 80 g of urea was fed at one time, no poisoning occurred, and from beginning to end each cow produced 2.9 kg more milk per day than the control group. The color and odor of the milk produced were normal, and the dairy cattle had shiny hair, good spirit, appetite, and no abnormal feces.
4. Application in sheep fattening
Cai Dengdi and others (5) conducted a comparative experiment in 1987 on the effects of humic acid and olaquindox in lamb fattening. The experimental period was 56 days. The humic acid used had a content of 50%, and each lamb was fed 4% daily, mixed into a small amount of concentrated feed; the olaquindox used was a 98% powder, and each lamb was given 0.025 g daily, mixed into a small amount of concentrated feed. The results showed that adding humic acid produced an average daily weight gain 16 g more per animal than adding olaquindox, and 49 g more than the control group, with an obvious effect; especially in each 1-month period, the humic acid group gained an average of 100 g per animal per day, the olaquindox group gained 72 g, and the control group only 24 g.
5. Others. The application of sodium humate in raising sika deer and in sericulture has also achieved significant results. These will not be elaborated one by one here.
In short, sodium humate can be widely used in the breeding industry: for laying hens, it can increase the laying rate, feed returns, and eggshell quality; reduce mortality and culling rate. For broilers, it can improve feed returns and reduce mortality and culling rate. For pig raising, it can be equivalent to the effects of olaquindox, with no drug residues, no toxic side effects, and improved meat quality. Pigs have strong appetite, red skin and shiny hair, and feces odor is noticeably reduced. In addition, for herbivores (cattle, sheep, deer, etc.), it clearly improves productivity. According to the above discussion, the various inherent physicochemical properties of sodium humate participate in various metabolic activities of the animal body. It has both the same effects as similar products and effects that other products cannot replace. It prevents gastrointestinal diseases, improves animal product quality, and improves production performance, with obvious effects and no toxic side effects. As an additive, it can be promoted and applied in livestock and poultry feed.
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Sorry, everyone. This is my first time posting an attachment. I did not know that posting an attachment would charge you money. Next time when I have good material, I will come sell it to you all again.
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Although humic acid has many effects, this thing is not in the Ministry of Agriculture's feed additive catalog, so using it now is somewhat suspected of being non-compliant.