How to prevent and treat rabbit sarcoptic mange? Welcome to share better methods
Prevention and treatment of rabbit sarcoptic mange (please post if you have better methods)
How to completely cure sarcoptic mange in domestic rabbits
Sarcoptic mange is one of the most common chronic skin diseases in rabbits, with a high incidence rate, often causing severe itching, emaciation, and even death in affected rabbits. Traditional treatment with trichlorfon is not ideal in effect and prone to recurrence. Through our practice, injection treatment with Chongkexing (ivermectin) injection achieved a cure rate of 100%, and can completely cure rabbit sarcoptic mange.
Directions for use: Dilute 1 bottle of 5 ml Chongkexing injection with 100 ml of normal saline. When using, administer at a dosage of 1 ml per kg of body weight. For severe cases, repeat the injection once after 7 days and the rabbit will recover.
Method for treating rabbit ear mange with chloramphenicol
Rabbit ear mange is a major disease harming domestic rabbits, with extremely strong infectivity. If not treated promptly, it will affect the growth of rabbits. Many breeders find this disease very troublesome. Based on the author's rabbit-raising experience, here is a good remedy for treating rabbit ear mange with chloramphenicol.
Apply chloramphenicol injection to the affected area, once a day, 2-3 drops each time, and use continuously for 3 days and the rabbit will recover. Since there are too many counterfeit and inferior products on the veterinary drug market, breeders are advised to purchase chloramphenicol injection for human use.
[ This post was last edited by Baishi Lvtu on 2007-4-14 01:33]
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Thank you to the original poster for sharing
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May I ask what the main ingredient of Chongkexing is?
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The main ingredient of Chongkexing is avermectin
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Prevention and treatment techniques for sarcoptic mange in domestic rabbits
Author: Tao Tongmo, Hu... Article source: "Farmers' Guide to Wealth" 2003 Issue 9
Sarcoptic mange is a parasitic disease caused by sarcoptic mites parasitizing within the skin of domestic rabbits. It has strong infectivity. If not treated promptly, affected rabbits will quickly become emaciated, and in severe cases it can cause mass death.
1. Symptoms
① Body mange: It initially starts around the mouth, nose, and eye rims of the rabbit, then spreads to the genital area, limbs, and all parts of the body. The affected skin becomes red, with papules or blisters. After rupturing, serous fluid seeps out, and soon hard scabs form, with hair loss. As the affected area expands, the rabbit feels unbearable itching. The affected rabbit's appetite decreases, it becomes emaciated, gradually develops anemia, and in severe cases death occurs.
② Ear mange: It starts from the base of the rabbit's ear pinna, then gradually spreads to the entire ear. The affected area first becomes red and swollen. As the condition progresses, small blisters appear on the affected area. After the blisters rupture, secretions flow out, and after drying, rosin-like hard scabs form. Sometimes the scabs fill the entire ear, causing the affected rabbit to become anxious and restless, frequently scratching the affected area, with decreased appetite, gradual emaciation, and finally death.
2. Preventive measures
① Newly purchased rabbits should be kept in separate isolation and undergo health checks. If sarcoptic mange is found, they must be cured and isolated for 20 days before being grouped together for rearing.
② When sarcoptic mange is found in the rabbit herd, the affected rabbits should be immediately isolated. All cages, feed troughs, and other equipment used by affected rabbits should be disinfected by brushing with 5 g of creolin or with a lime wash made from 50 kg of water plus 10 kg of quicklime.
3. Treatment methods
Before treatment, first cut off the hair around the affected area of the rabbit, scrape off the hard masses, then wash the affected skin with 3%-5% soapy water heated to 50-60°C. After half a day, apply medication for treatment. The therapeutic drugs and methods of use are as follows:
① Apply 0.5% trichlorfon solution.
② Apply juice from pounded chinaberry root bark or centella to the affected area.
③ Apply juice from pounded climbing groundsel and water pepper to the affected area.
④ Place 0.5 kg of table vinegar and 50 g of cut tobacco in a clay pot and simmer. After boiling, continue to cook for 10 minutes. After it cools, it is ready for use. When using, dip a soft toothbrush in the vinegar-tobacco decoction and apply it all over the affected area. After application, place the affected rabbit alone in a dry, quiet place, and apply the medication once a day. Generally after 4 applications, new hair will grow on the affected area. At this point, continue applying the medication 3-4 more times to consolidate the therapeutic effect.
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Prevention and treatment of sarcoptic mange and fungal mange in domestic rabbits
Author: Unknown Article source: "Agricultural Science and Technology and Information" 2004.9 issue
Sarcoptic mange is a common disease of domestic rabbits. It is a superficial parasitic disease caused by sarcoptic mites or psoroptic mites invading the skin of domestic rabbits, characterized by severe itching, inflammation of the affected area, scab formation, and emaciation. It is highly contagious. Affected rabbits or environments contaminated by affected rabbits are the source of infection. In mild cases, the affected rabbit gradually becomes emaciated with dull coat color; in severe cases, it causes exhaustion and death of the rabbit, causing great harm to the rabbit industry.
Fungal mange is a zoonotic fungal skin disease caused by Microsporum and fungal mold infecting the skin, hair follicles, and hair shafts. This disease is prone to occur in individual places with poor hygiene conditions, especially in large-scale rabbit farms during high-temperature, high-humidity seasons. It manifests as hair loss, skin redness and swelling, then a bran-like appearance, spreading to all parts of the rabbit's body. Suckling rabbits and young rabbits are easily infected with this disease.
I. Preventive measures
(1) Keep the rabbit farm clean and hygienic, well-ventilated, and dry, and carry out regular drug disinfection and flame spray disinfection. (2) The rearing density should not be too high. Each cage should preferably house 1 adult rabbit, 4-5 suckling or young rabbits, or 2 growing rabbits. (3) Feed Chongkexing once a month to prevent the occurrence of sarcoptic mange. (4) Add griseofulvin for 1 week seasonally each year, adding 200 mg of the drug per kg in pelleted feed.
II. Treatment methods
1. Sarcoptic mange
(1) Use tweezers to remove the outer layer of scabs from the affected area, then wash away the dirty blood with normal saline, then wipe the affected area with 2% trichlorfon solution, once a day, for 4 consecutive days, and repeat the medication after 1 week, 3 times in total. (2) The affected area can be soaked and washed with gasoline, kerosene, or diesel, once a day, for 7 consecutive days, then stop for 7 days and use again for 3 days. (3) Soak 100 g of tobacco leaves in 1000 ml of water for 48 hours, then use to soak and wash the affected area, using continuously for 10 days. (4) Subcutaneous injection of Miechongding, 0.2 ml per kg of body weight, repeat the injection once after 7 days. (5) Subcutaneous injection of Chongkexing, 0.01 ml per kg of body weight, repeat the injection once after 7 days. (6) Oral administration of avermectin (or ivermectin), 0.05 g per kg of body weight, for 3 consecutive days, stop for 7 days, then use for 2 more days, with good results.
2. Fungal mange
(1) Apply iodine tincture to the affected area, twice a day, for 3 consecutive weeks. (2) Wipe the affected area with 5% benzalkonium bromide, for 20 consecutive days. (3) Prepare a mixed solution of 10% iodine tincture, 10% Lysol, 15% glacial acetic acid, and 65% water, apply once a day, for 14 consecutive days, stop for 7 days, then use for 14 more days. (4) Oral administration of griseofulvin, 25 mg per kg of body weight, once a day, for 14 consecutive days, stop for 10 days, then continue for 14 more days. (5) Add griseofulvin raw material to pelleted feed, adding 50-70 g of raw powder per 100 kg of feed, for 14 consecutive days, stop for 10 days, then continue adding the drug for 14 more days.
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Prevention and treatment of sarcoptic mange and fungal disease
1: The simplest way to distinguish sarcoptic mange from fungal disease is: fungal disease generally presents as circular hair loss, a flat, smooth patch.
Sarcoptic mange generally has pinkish, shell-like formations similar to scabs formed when a human wound heals. In fact, these two diseases are often mixed infections.
2: Prevention is similar for both. Keeping the rabbit house dry and well-ventilated can reduce the severity of the disease. Also, it is important to disinfect the floor boards and kindling boxes well. Flame disinfection is more thorough, but the cost is high. A simple method is to spray and disinfect the cleaned floor boards and kindling boxes with a higher-concentration trichlorfon solution, then dry them in the sun before use. Disinfection of the entire rabbit house is not ideal because conventional disinfectants in the rabbit house are basically difficult to kill mites. For treatment, use ivermectin, which has the best and most thorough effect. If the farm has severe outbreaks, you can inject all foundation female rabbits with ivermectin, then inject all affected rabbits as well, which can basically achieve complete eradication within a period of time.
3: Prevention of fungal disease is the same as above. If there are many cases, feed griseofulvin; if not many, apply antifungal drugs such as Daknin to the affected area. However, fungal disease generally resolves naturally when rabbits grow older. Occasionally adult rabbits are affected, but it is not a big problem. The main thing is to disinfect the kindling boxes and floor boards well, keep the rabbit house dry and ventilated. In fact, the construction of the rabbit house is the most critical. With a reasonably laid-out rabbit house, these diseases rarely occur.
4: Treat the same way for large-scale outbreaks. For thorough treatment, inject all foundation female rabbits with ivermectin at 0.1 ml/kg body weight, which can basically achieve complete treatment. However, after using ivermectin on foundation female rabbits, they generally remain comfortable for half a year, basically without disease. After that, if found, treat early, and there will not be a large-scale outbreak.
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Diagnosis and prevention of mange in rex rabbits
Rabbit mange, also known as sarcoptic mange, is a common and frequently occurring disease in rex rabbit farming. It is an external parasitic disease caused by sarcoptic mites and psoroptic mites parasitizing on the body surface of rabbits, with high invasiveness and accompanied by severe itching. This disease spreads rapidly, especially in dark, damp, and rainy season environments, spreading very quickly, with an incidence rate of up to 70% or more.
This disease is mainly transmitted through mutual contact, including mating, or through the use of rabbit cages, equipment, etc. carrying mites.
The characteristics of this disease are severe itching, hair loss, and scab formation in affected rabbits. It poses a great threat to rex rabbit farming, seriously affecting the fur quality of rex rabbits and the economic benefits of farming, and can be transmitted to humans. Therefore, it must be taken seriously and comprehensive prevention and treatment measures must be adopted to effectively control the occurrence of this disease.
1. Incidence situation
From June to July 2004 (the plum rain season), a rex rabbit farm in Taicang City had a very serious outbreak of rabbit mange. At that time, there were 2103 rex rabbits on hand. After careful examination, 1524 rex rabbits were found to be affected, accounting for more than 70%. The affected areas were mainly ear mange (caused by psoroptic mites) and foot mange (caused by sarcoptic mites). This was the largest scope of rabbit mange the author had seen in 30 years of working in rabbit-raising technology at the grassroots level. Therefore, the disease must first be diagnosed, and then effective measures must be taken promptly to control it.
2. Diagnosis
Based on the author's understanding and observation of the incidence situation, affected areas of the rabbits generally showed hair loss, skin redness and swelling, and a bran-like scab formation on the skin surface. Some affected rabbits often rubbed their bodies against the cage walls or scratched the affected areas with their claws, and licked their feet with their mouths. The vast majority of affected rabbits showed redness and swelling on the inner side of the ear pinna, inflammation of the external ear canal, and after the exudate dried, scabs formed, filling the ear canal like rolled paper, with the affected rabbits shaking their heads and scratching their ears. Some affected rabbits had local hair loss and damage on the foot pads, forming bran-like scabs, presenting a dry claw appearance. Affected rabbits were generally emaciated, anemic, with dull coats and poor spirits. The preliminary diagnosis was that the rex rabbits were suffering from mange. At the same time, a surgical scalpel was used to scrape pathological material from the affected areas of the rabbits, which was placed on black paper and observed under a magnifying glass in sunlight to check for mites. It was confirmed as rabbit mange.
3. Prevention and treatment measures
(1) In view of the 15-20 day life cycle characteristics of mites, spray 2% crystalline trichlorfon solution on rabbit cages, equipment, floors, etc. In the first month (August), disinfect once every 10 days; in the second month (September), disinfect once every 15 days; thereafter, disinfect regularly once a month, truly achieving comprehensive and thorough disinfection.
(2) Persist in cleaning the rabbit cages and houses every day. Spray crystalline trichlorfon solution on equipment before cleaning every day. Frequently sun-dry or replace the bedding straw in kindling boxes. Do not wash the rabbit house floor with water every day. Keep the rabbit house dry and well-ventilated.
(3) For rabbits with ear mange, spray "Raid Insect Killing Aerosol" inside the ear pinna and on the affected area, 1-2 sprays is sufficient. For severe ear mange, spray once more after one week and it will heal.
(4) For rabbits with foot mange, treat with 3% crystalline trichlorfon solution. First remove the bran-like scabs from the affected area, then apply crystalline trichlorfon solution. For severe cases, apply once more after one week and it will heal.
(5) The entire rabbit herd was fed avermectin mixed into feed for preventive treatment. Administer avermectin at 0.04-0.05 mg per kg of rabbit body weight. The first time, mix into feed and feed for 2 days, once a day. After 5 days, mix into feed and feed for another 2 days, once a day. The effect was obvious.
After two months of the above comprehensive prevention and treatment measures, by September 2004, of the 1524 affected rabbits, except for 57 particularly emaciated rabbits that were culled, the other 1467 affected rabbits were all cured. Having learned its lesson, the farm has for the past two years persisted in disinfecting cages and equipment with 2% crystalline trichlorfon solution once a month, and during rainy and humid seasons used avermectin mixed into feed for prevention, and did a good job in cleaning and hygiene. No mange has occurred in the rex rabbits since.
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How to expel parasites in large-scale rabbit farms
At present, large-scale rabbit farming is developing rapidly, but rabbit diseases still cause relatively serious harm to the rabbit industry. According to surveys: in some rabbit farms, the diseases affecting the survival rate of suckling rabbits are mainly parasitic diseases, causing relatively high mortality of suckling rabbits, and the weight gain and production performance of surviving suckling rabbits are also greatly affected. For this reason, we have formulated a parasite deworming program for application in large-scale rabbit farms, and promoted and applied it in some areas, achieving satisfactory results.
I. Deworming program for large-scale rabbit farms. Based on the epidemic situation of parasitic diseases in rabbit farms and the screened high-efficiency deworming drugs, the following deworming program was designed.
1. When starting to use the program, inject all rabbits in the farm once with ivermectin (Shachongxing) or avermectin (Chongkexing).
2. From 10-15 days before breeding rabbits give birth, use Duqiuling mixed in the herd's feed until the suckling rabbits are weaned. At the same time, inject ivermectin or avermectin subcutaneously 10-15 days before giving birth, with the purpose of preventing breeding rabbits from becoming carriers.
3. About one week before weaning, inject suckling rabbits subcutaneously with Shachongxing or Chongkexing, with the purpose of preventing transmission after individual carriers are mixed into the herd.
4. Within 2-3 months after meat rabbits are fattened, continuously use high-efficiency anti-coccidial drugs (monensin) to prevent rabbit coccidiosis. One week after suckling rabbits are mixed into the herd, inject all of them with ivermectin or avermectin, with the purpose of killing larvae hatched from eggs within the skin.
5. Introduced breeding rabbits need to be injected with ivermectin or avermectin and fed anti-coccidial drugs (Duqiuling or monensin), and must be kept in isolation for about one month before being mixed into the herd for rearing.
II. Deworming targets. The focus of prevention and treatment of rabbit parasitic diseases is coccidia and mites. The coccidia infection rate of young rabbits aged 4-5 months can reach as high as 100%. After becoming ill, the mortality rate of young rabbits can generally reach 40%-70%. Affected rabbits cannot recover for a long time, and their growth and development are seriously affected, with body weight reduced by 12%-27%. Sarcoptic mange is a chronic skin disease caused by parasitism of sarcoptic mites and ear mites. This disease can cause skin inflammation, severe itching, hair loss, etc., affecting weight gain, and even causing death. Rabbit itch disease is a chronic skin disease caused by psoroptic mites parasitizing in the external ear canal of rabbits, affecting weight gain. When lesions extend to the ethmoid bone and brain, it can cause epileptic seizures and even death.
III. Drug selection and application principles. First, consider selecting drugs with a broad antiparasitic spectrum. Second, reasonably arrange the timing of medication to avoid stress reactions caused by too many administrations. Third, select drugs with good efficacy, low toxic and side effects, and convenient use.
1. Anti-rabbit coccidiosis drugs. The drugs with relatively good preventive effects and low toxic and side effects are mainly monensin and Duqiuling. Although sulfonamide drugs have relatively good therapeutic effects, because they are used as preventive drugs for a long time, they are prone to causing toxic reactions such as hemorrhagic syndrome, kidney damage, and growth inhibition. Therefore, sulfonamide drugs should generally be used as therapeutic drugs. ① Monensin: This product belongs to the polyether ionophore antibiotic class. Mix monensin into feed at 0.002% and stir well to make pelleted feed. Feeding to young rabbits aged 1-2 months has a relatively good preventive effect. In areas with severe coccidia contamination or when coccidiosis breaks out, mix at a dose of 0.004% into feed and feed, which can prevent and treat rabbit coccidiosis. ② Duqiuling: Its main active ingredient is clazuril, with trade names including Keliqin, Fuqiu, Puqiu, diclazuril, etc. Continuous medication at 0.5 mg/kg (feed or drinking water) is the best choice. Mixing into feed has excellent effects in preventing intestinal-type coccidia and hepatic-type coccidia in domestic rabbits. Strains resistant to robenidine are sensitive to this drug, and it can reduce the total number of oocysts by 99.9%. Duqiuling should be the first-choice drug for preventing rabbit coccidiosis in production. Clazuril is a very stable compound. Even in 60°C hydrogen peroxide (oxidizing agent) for 8 hours, it shows no decomposition. Placed in 100°C boiling water for 5 days, its active ingredients will not disintegrate or leach out. Therefore, it can be mixed into feed to make pelleted feed without any impact on drug efficacy.
2. Acaricidal drugs and nematocidal drugs. Ivermectin and avermectin can both kill mites and expel nematodes, and the effects are very good. The effective rate of avermectin and ivermectin against rabbit sarcoptic mites and rabbit psoroptic mites is 100%. One week after medication, no live mites can be found. The dosages used are 0.2 mg/kg body weight and 0.4 mg/kg body weight respectively. However, due to repeated infection, medication must be given 2 times, with an interval of generally about 2 weeks. Pour-on preparation used once at 0.5 mg/kg body weight has a very good effect on preventing and treating rabbit psoroptic mites.
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Very good. If it could be organized a bit, it would be even better.
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Learning from this. This article is great.
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Very good, relatively comprehensive. For treating this disease, adapting measures to local conditions is key, and factors such as whether there is mixed infection should also be considered. Support the original poster's unremitting efforts!
Sarcoptic mange is one of the most common chronic skin diseases in rabbits, with a high incidence rate, often causing severe itching, emaciation, and even death in affected rabbits. Traditional treatment with trichlorfon is not ideal in effect and prone to recurrence. Through our practice, injection treatment with Chongkexing (ivermectin) injection achieved a cure rate of 100%, and can completely cure rabbit sarcoptic mange.
Directions for use: Dilute 1 bottle of 5 ml Chongkexing injection with 100 ml of normal saline. When using, administer at a dosage of 1 ml per kg of body weight. For severe cases, repeat the injection once after 7 days and the rabbit will recover.
Method for treating rabbit ear mange with chloramphenicol
Rabbit ear mange is a major disease harming domestic rabbits, with extremely strong infectivity. If not treated promptly, it will affect the growth of rabbits. Many breeders find this disease very troublesome. Based on the author's rabbit-raising experience, here is a good remedy for treating rabbit ear mange with chloramphenicol.
Apply chloramphenicol injection to the affected area, once a day, 2-3 drops each time, and use continuously for 3 days and the rabbit will recover. Since there are too many counterfeit and inferior products on the veterinary drug market, breeders are advised to purchase chloramphenicol injection for human use.
[ This post was last edited by Baishi Lvtu on 2007-4-14 01:33]
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Thank you to the original poster for sharing
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May I ask what the main ingredient of Chongkexing is?
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The main ingredient of Chongkexing is avermectin
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Prevention and treatment techniques for sarcoptic mange in domestic rabbits
Author: Tao Tongmo, Hu... Article source: "Farmers' Guide to Wealth" 2003 Issue 9
Sarcoptic mange is a parasitic disease caused by sarcoptic mites parasitizing within the skin of domestic rabbits. It has strong infectivity. If not treated promptly, affected rabbits will quickly become emaciated, and in severe cases it can cause mass death.
1. Symptoms
① Body mange: It initially starts around the mouth, nose, and eye rims of the rabbit, then spreads to the genital area, limbs, and all parts of the body. The affected skin becomes red, with papules or blisters. After rupturing, serous fluid seeps out, and soon hard scabs form, with hair loss. As the affected area expands, the rabbit feels unbearable itching. The affected rabbit's appetite decreases, it becomes emaciated, gradually develops anemia, and in severe cases death occurs.
② Ear mange: It starts from the base of the rabbit's ear pinna, then gradually spreads to the entire ear. The affected area first becomes red and swollen. As the condition progresses, small blisters appear on the affected area. After the blisters rupture, secretions flow out, and after drying, rosin-like hard scabs form. Sometimes the scabs fill the entire ear, causing the affected rabbit to become anxious and restless, frequently scratching the affected area, with decreased appetite, gradual emaciation, and finally death.
2. Preventive measures
① Newly purchased rabbits should be kept in separate isolation and undergo health checks. If sarcoptic mange is found, they must be cured and isolated for 20 days before being grouped together for rearing.
② When sarcoptic mange is found in the rabbit herd, the affected rabbits should be immediately isolated. All cages, feed troughs, and other equipment used by affected rabbits should be disinfected by brushing with 5 g of creolin or with a lime wash made from 50 kg of water plus 10 kg of quicklime.
3. Treatment methods
Before treatment, first cut off the hair around the affected area of the rabbit, scrape off the hard masses, then wash the affected skin with 3%-5% soapy water heated to 50-60°C. After half a day, apply medication for treatment. The therapeutic drugs and methods of use are as follows:
① Apply 0.5% trichlorfon solution.
② Apply juice from pounded chinaberry root bark or centella to the affected area.
③ Apply juice from pounded climbing groundsel and water pepper to the affected area.
④ Place 0.5 kg of table vinegar and 50 g of cut tobacco in a clay pot and simmer. After boiling, continue to cook for 10 minutes. After it cools, it is ready for use. When using, dip a soft toothbrush in the vinegar-tobacco decoction and apply it all over the affected area. After application, place the affected rabbit alone in a dry, quiet place, and apply the medication once a day. Generally after 4 applications, new hair will grow on the affected area. At this point, continue applying the medication 3-4 more times to consolidate the therapeutic effect.
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Prevention and treatment of sarcoptic mange and fungal mange in domestic rabbits
Author: Unknown Article source: "Agricultural Science and Technology and Information" 2004.9 issue
Sarcoptic mange is a common disease of domestic rabbits. It is a superficial parasitic disease caused by sarcoptic mites or psoroptic mites invading the skin of domestic rabbits, characterized by severe itching, inflammation of the affected area, scab formation, and emaciation. It is highly contagious. Affected rabbits or environments contaminated by affected rabbits are the source of infection. In mild cases, the affected rabbit gradually becomes emaciated with dull coat color; in severe cases, it causes exhaustion and death of the rabbit, causing great harm to the rabbit industry.
Fungal mange is a zoonotic fungal skin disease caused by Microsporum and fungal mold infecting the skin, hair follicles, and hair shafts. This disease is prone to occur in individual places with poor hygiene conditions, especially in large-scale rabbit farms during high-temperature, high-humidity seasons. It manifests as hair loss, skin redness and swelling, then a bran-like appearance, spreading to all parts of the rabbit's body. Suckling rabbits and young rabbits are easily infected with this disease.
I. Preventive measures
(1) Keep the rabbit farm clean and hygienic, well-ventilated, and dry, and carry out regular drug disinfection and flame spray disinfection. (2) The rearing density should not be too high. Each cage should preferably house 1 adult rabbit, 4-5 suckling or young rabbits, or 2 growing rabbits. (3) Feed Chongkexing once a month to prevent the occurrence of sarcoptic mange. (4) Add griseofulvin for 1 week seasonally each year, adding 200 mg of the drug per kg in pelleted feed.
II. Treatment methods
1. Sarcoptic mange
(1) Use tweezers to remove the outer layer of scabs from the affected area, then wash away the dirty blood with normal saline, then wipe the affected area with 2% trichlorfon solution, once a day, for 4 consecutive days, and repeat the medication after 1 week, 3 times in total. (2) The affected area can be soaked and washed with gasoline, kerosene, or diesel, once a day, for 7 consecutive days, then stop for 7 days and use again for 3 days. (3) Soak 100 g of tobacco leaves in 1000 ml of water for 48 hours, then use to soak and wash the affected area, using continuously for 10 days. (4) Subcutaneous injection of Miechongding, 0.2 ml per kg of body weight, repeat the injection once after 7 days. (5) Subcutaneous injection of Chongkexing, 0.01 ml per kg of body weight, repeat the injection once after 7 days. (6) Oral administration of avermectin (or ivermectin), 0.05 g per kg of body weight, for 3 consecutive days, stop for 7 days, then use for 2 more days, with good results.
2. Fungal mange
(1) Apply iodine tincture to the affected area, twice a day, for 3 consecutive weeks. (2) Wipe the affected area with 5% benzalkonium bromide, for 20 consecutive days. (3) Prepare a mixed solution of 10% iodine tincture, 10% Lysol, 15% glacial acetic acid, and 65% water, apply once a day, for 14 consecutive days, stop for 7 days, then use for 14 more days. (4) Oral administration of griseofulvin, 25 mg per kg of body weight, once a day, for 14 consecutive days, stop for 10 days, then continue for 14 more days. (5) Add griseofulvin raw material to pelleted feed, adding 50-70 g of raw powder per 100 kg of feed, for 14 consecutive days, stop for 10 days, then continue adding the drug for 14 more days.
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Prevention and treatment of sarcoptic mange and fungal disease
1: The simplest way to distinguish sarcoptic mange from fungal disease is: fungal disease generally presents as circular hair loss, a flat, smooth patch.
Sarcoptic mange generally has pinkish, shell-like formations similar to scabs formed when a human wound heals. In fact, these two diseases are often mixed infections.
2: Prevention is similar for both. Keeping the rabbit house dry and well-ventilated can reduce the severity of the disease. Also, it is important to disinfect the floor boards and kindling boxes well. Flame disinfection is more thorough, but the cost is high. A simple method is to spray and disinfect the cleaned floor boards and kindling boxes with a higher-concentration trichlorfon solution, then dry them in the sun before use. Disinfection of the entire rabbit house is not ideal because conventional disinfectants in the rabbit house are basically difficult to kill mites. For treatment, use ivermectin, which has the best and most thorough effect. If the farm has severe outbreaks, you can inject all foundation female rabbits with ivermectin, then inject all affected rabbits as well, which can basically achieve complete eradication within a period of time.
3: Prevention of fungal disease is the same as above. If there are many cases, feed griseofulvin; if not many, apply antifungal drugs such as Daknin to the affected area. However, fungal disease generally resolves naturally when rabbits grow older. Occasionally adult rabbits are affected, but it is not a big problem. The main thing is to disinfect the kindling boxes and floor boards well, keep the rabbit house dry and ventilated. In fact, the construction of the rabbit house is the most critical. With a reasonably laid-out rabbit house, these diseases rarely occur.
4: Treat the same way for large-scale outbreaks. For thorough treatment, inject all foundation female rabbits with ivermectin at 0.1 ml/kg body weight, which can basically achieve complete treatment. However, after using ivermectin on foundation female rabbits, they generally remain comfortable for half a year, basically without disease. After that, if found, treat early, and there will not be a large-scale outbreak.
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Diagnosis and prevention of mange in rex rabbits
Rabbit mange, also known as sarcoptic mange, is a common and frequently occurring disease in rex rabbit farming. It is an external parasitic disease caused by sarcoptic mites and psoroptic mites parasitizing on the body surface of rabbits, with high invasiveness and accompanied by severe itching. This disease spreads rapidly, especially in dark, damp, and rainy season environments, spreading very quickly, with an incidence rate of up to 70% or more.
This disease is mainly transmitted through mutual contact, including mating, or through the use of rabbit cages, equipment, etc. carrying mites.
The characteristics of this disease are severe itching, hair loss, and scab formation in affected rabbits. It poses a great threat to rex rabbit farming, seriously affecting the fur quality of rex rabbits and the economic benefits of farming, and can be transmitted to humans. Therefore, it must be taken seriously and comprehensive prevention and treatment measures must be adopted to effectively control the occurrence of this disease.
1. Incidence situation
From June to July 2004 (the plum rain season), a rex rabbit farm in Taicang City had a very serious outbreak of rabbit mange. At that time, there were 2103 rex rabbits on hand. After careful examination, 1524 rex rabbits were found to be affected, accounting for more than 70%. The affected areas were mainly ear mange (caused by psoroptic mites) and foot mange (caused by sarcoptic mites). This was the largest scope of rabbit mange the author had seen in 30 years of working in rabbit-raising technology at the grassroots level. Therefore, the disease must first be diagnosed, and then effective measures must be taken promptly to control it.
2. Diagnosis
Based on the author's understanding and observation of the incidence situation, affected areas of the rabbits generally showed hair loss, skin redness and swelling, and a bran-like scab formation on the skin surface. Some affected rabbits often rubbed their bodies against the cage walls or scratched the affected areas with their claws, and licked their feet with their mouths. The vast majority of affected rabbits showed redness and swelling on the inner side of the ear pinna, inflammation of the external ear canal, and after the exudate dried, scabs formed, filling the ear canal like rolled paper, with the affected rabbits shaking their heads and scratching their ears. Some affected rabbits had local hair loss and damage on the foot pads, forming bran-like scabs, presenting a dry claw appearance. Affected rabbits were generally emaciated, anemic, with dull coats and poor spirits. The preliminary diagnosis was that the rex rabbits were suffering from mange. At the same time, a surgical scalpel was used to scrape pathological material from the affected areas of the rabbits, which was placed on black paper and observed under a magnifying glass in sunlight to check for mites. It was confirmed as rabbit mange.
3. Prevention and treatment measures
(1) In view of the 15-20 day life cycle characteristics of mites, spray 2% crystalline trichlorfon solution on rabbit cages, equipment, floors, etc. In the first month (August), disinfect once every 10 days; in the second month (September), disinfect once every 15 days; thereafter, disinfect regularly once a month, truly achieving comprehensive and thorough disinfection.
(2) Persist in cleaning the rabbit cages and houses every day. Spray crystalline trichlorfon solution on equipment before cleaning every day. Frequently sun-dry or replace the bedding straw in kindling boxes. Do not wash the rabbit house floor with water every day. Keep the rabbit house dry and well-ventilated.
(3) For rabbits with ear mange, spray "Raid Insect Killing Aerosol" inside the ear pinna and on the affected area, 1-2 sprays is sufficient. For severe ear mange, spray once more after one week and it will heal.
(4) For rabbits with foot mange, treat with 3% crystalline trichlorfon solution. First remove the bran-like scabs from the affected area, then apply crystalline trichlorfon solution. For severe cases, apply once more after one week and it will heal.
(5) The entire rabbit herd was fed avermectin mixed into feed for preventive treatment. Administer avermectin at 0.04-0.05 mg per kg of rabbit body weight. The first time, mix into feed and feed for 2 days, once a day. After 5 days, mix into feed and feed for another 2 days, once a day. The effect was obvious.
After two months of the above comprehensive prevention and treatment measures, by September 2004, of the 1524 affected rabbits, except for 57 particularly emaciated rabbits that were culled, the other 1467 affected rabbits were all cured. Having learned its lesson, the farm has for the past two years persisted in disinfecting cages and equipment with 2% crystalline trichlorfon solution once a month, and during rainy and humid seasons used avermectin mixed into feed for prevention, and did a good job in cleaning and hygiene. No mange has occurred in the rex rabbits since.
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How to expel parasites in large-scale rabbit farms
At present, large-scale rabbit farming is developing rapidly, but rabbit diseases still cause relatively serious harm to the rabbit industry. According to surveys: in some rabbit farms, the diseases affecting the survival rate of suckling rabbits are mainly parasitic diseases, causing relatively high mortality of suckling rabbits, and the weight gain and production performance of surviving suckling rabbits are also greatly affected. For this reason, we have formulated a parasite deworming program for application in large-scale rabbit farms, and promoted and applied it in some areas, achieving satisfactory results.
I. Deworming program for large-scale rabbit farms. Based on the epidemic situation of parasitic diseases in rabbit farms and the screened high-efficiency deworming drugs, the following deworming program was designed.
1. When starting to use the program, inject all rabbits in the farm once with ivermectin (Shachongxing) or avermectin (Chongkexing).
2. From 10-15 days before breeding rabbits give birth, use Duqiuling mixed in the herd's feed until the suckling rabbits are weaned. At the same time, inject ivermectin or avermectin subcutaneously 10-15 days before giving birth, with the purpose of preventing breeding rabbits from becoming carriers.
3. About one week before weaning, inject suckling rabbits subcutaneously with Shachongxing or Chongkexing, with the purpose of preventing transmission after individual carriers are mixed into the herd.
4. Within 2-3 months after meat rabbits are fattened, continuously use high-efficiency anti-coccidial drugs (monensin) to prevent rabbit coccidiosis. One week after suckling rabbits are mixed into the herd, inject all of them with ivermectin or avermectin, with the purpose of killing larvae hatched from eggs within the skin.
5. Introduced breeding rabbits need to be injected with ivermectin or avermectin and fed anti-coccidial drugs (Duqiuling or monensin), and must be kept in isolation for about one month before being mixed into the herd for rearing.
II. Deworming targets. The focus of prevention and treatment of rabbit parasitic diseases is coccidia and mites. The coccidia infection rate of young rabbits aged 4-5 months can reach as high as 100%. After becoming ill, the mortality rate of young rabbits can generally reach 40%-70%. Affected rabbits cannot recover for a long time, and their growth and development are seriously affected, with body weight reduced by 12%-27%. Sarcoptic mange is a chronic skin disease caused by parasitism of sarcoptic mites and ear mites. This disease can cause skin inflammation, severe itching, hair loss, etc., affecting weight gain, and even causing death. Rabbit itch disease is a chronic skin disease caused by psoroptic mites parasitizing in the external ear canal of rabbits, affecting weight gain. When lesions extend to the ethmoid bone and brain, it can cause epileptic seizures and even death.
III. Drug selection and application principles. First, consider selecting drugs with a broad antiparasitic spectrum. Second, reasonably arrange the timing of medication to avoid stress reactions caused by too many administrations. Third, select drugs with good efficacy, low toxic and side effects, and convenient use.
1. Anti-rabbit coccidiosis drugs. The drugs with relatively good preventive effects and low toxic and side effects are mainly monensin and Duqiuling. Although sulfonamide drugs have relatively good therapeutic effects, because they are used as preventive drugs for a long time, they are prone to causing toxic reactions such as hemorrhagic syndrome, kidney damage, and growth inhibition. Therefore, sulfonamide drugs should generally be used as therapeutic drugs. ① Monensin: This product belongs to the polyether ionophore antibiotic class. Mix monensin into feed at 0.002% and stir well to make pelleted feed. Feeding to young rabbits aged 1-2 months has a relatively good preventive effect. In areas with severe coccidia contamination or when coccidiosis breaks out, mix at a dose of 0.004% into feed and feed, which can prevent and treat rabbit coccidiosis. ② Duqiuling: Its main active ingredient is clazuril, with trade names including Keliqin, Fuqiu, Puqiu, diclazuril, etc. Continuous medication at 0.5 mg/kg (feed or drinking water) is the best choice. Mixing into feed has excellent effects in preventing intestinal-type coccidia and hepatic-type coccidia in domestic rabbits. Strains resistant to robenidine are sensitive to this drug, and it can reduce the total number of oocysts by 99.9%. Duqiuling should be the first-choice drug for preventing rabbit coccidiosis in production. Clazuril is a very stable compound. Even in 60°C hydrogen peroxide (oxidizing agent) for 8 hours, it shows no decomposition. Placed in 100°C boiling water for 5 days, its active ingredients will not disintegrate or leach out. Therefore, it can be mixed into feed to make pelleted feed without any impact on drug efficacy.
2. Acaricidal drugs and nematocidal drugs. Ivermectin and avermectin can both kill mites and expel nematodes, and the effects are very good. The effective rate of avermectin and ivermectin against rabbit sarcoptic mites and rabbit psoroptic mites is 100%. One week after medication, no live mites can be found. The dosages used are 0.2 mg/kg body weight and 0.4 mg/kg body weight respectively. However, due to repeated infection, medication must be given 2 times, with an interval of generally about 2 weeks. Pour-on preparation used once at 0.5 mg/kg body weight has a very good effect on preventing and treating rabbit psoroptic mites.
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Very good. If it could be organized a bit, it would be even better.
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Learning from this. This article is great.
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Very good, relatively comprehensive. For treating this disease, adapting measures to local conditions is key, and factors such as whether there is mixed infection should also be considered. Support the original poster's unremitting efforts!