Several Suggestions on Formulating Dairy Quality and Safety Standards
Suggestions on Formulating Dairy Quality and Safety Standards
This is an article published on the Dairy Information Network some time ago, recommending the establishment of somatic cell standards. I don't know whether it has been posted among livestock practitioners, so I'm putting it up today to share with everyone. The effects of somatic cells on dairy products described here are very detailed, please refer to it!Suggestions on Formulating Dairy Quality and Safety Standards
At the end of last year, the domestic incident of infant formula containing excessive melamine, which caused kidney stones and deaths among numerous children across all provinces nationwide, while calling into question the product quality and corporate ethics of formula processing enterprises, also highlighted the widespread quality and safety supervision problems in domestic milk sources. The safety of dairy products is a major issue concerning health and people's livelihood, and is also an issue to which national leaders and relevant ministries and commissions attach great importance. As early as September 19, 2007, Premier Wen Jiabao chaired an executive meeting of the State Council, requiring that "local governments at all levels should take promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the dairy industry as a major and urgent task." On September 27, 2007, the State Council issued the "Opinions of the State Council on Promoting the Sustainable and Healthy Development of the Dairy Industry," which clearly stated that "improving the quality of raw milk should be placed in a prominently important position." On October 9, 2008, the State Council issued the "Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Dairy Quality and Safety"... It should be said that the government has made extraordinary efforts in paying attention to the development of the dairy industry and the quality of dairy products! After the milk powder incident, on November 20, 2008, the National Development and Reform Commission and 13 other ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Outline for the Rectification and Revitalization of the Dairy Industry," which clearly stated that "the revision (formulation) of standards must be completed within one year and enforced as national mandatory standards. Enterprises and localities are encouraged to formulate stricter enterprise and local standards." At present, the industry and all sectors of society are closely watching the introduction of new standards, and dairy enterprises are stepping up research and deployment of a series of work after the new standards are issued. In this regard, the author suggests that the somatic cell count (SCC) indicator should be included in the newly revised national raw milk quality and safety standards.
Somatic Cell Count (SCC) refers to the number of somatic cells contained per milliliter of milk, whose main component is white blood cells, accounting for 99%. SCC is a dynamic biological phenomenon that can serve as an important indicator for judging the quality of milk. It not only reflects the degree of bacterial infection of the dairy cow's udder, but can also be used to estimate the loss of milk production of dairy cows. At present, the national standards of all milk-producing countries have adopted SCC as a mandatory indicator for raw milk quality standards, and it is linked to raw milk prices to incentivize continuous reduction of SCC. Currently, many countries are also considering implementing stricter SCC standards to promote dairy farms to continuously improve their scientific breeding and management levels, thereby ensuring continuous improvement of raw milk quality.
1. The important position of the dairy industry and its problems. Dairy products are important "shopping basket" products, closely related to people's daily lives. Because milk is rich in nutrients and can greatly improve people's physical fitness, more and more countries have closely linked milk with national physical fitness. Japan, which is also in Asia with China, realized the slogan of "a glass of milk strengthens a nation" through practical action in the 1960s-70s. Thailand established a National Milk Drinking Promotion Committee in 1985. The Indian government launched a "White Revolution," with total milk production jumping to first in the world and per capita milk consumption increasing from 38 kg to 90 kg. China's current per capita milk consumption is less than 30 kg.
Since the reform and opening up, China's dairy industry has experienced rapid growth and has also made positive contributions to enriching urban and rural markets, optimizing the agricultural structure, and increasing farmers' income. The development of the dairy industry, including feed production, fine breed cultivation, dairy cow raising, disease prevention and control, milk purchasing, cold chain storage and transportation, milk processing, marketing and trade, catering and health care, etc., is an ultra-long industrial chain with a huge linkage effect on the common development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. In the total agricultural output value of developed countries, the dairy industry accounts for an average of more than 40%. At present, the proportion of China's dairy industry in agricultural output value is only 3%. If it were increased to 13%, it would create an industrial pulling space of 350 billion yuan in output value. Therefore, the development of the dairy industry still has enormous room for development in terms of production quantity, quality and deep processing capacity.
However, China's rapidly developing industrial chain itself has accumulated a large number of problems. Among them, the level of scientific dairy cow breeding in the upstream of the industry is very backward, severely restricting the development of the entire industry and giving rise to a series of problems, becoming the most concentrated and prominent difficulty. The 2008 infant formula incident was a shock and pain caused by deep-seated contradictions in the industry. This incident finally made the entire industry realize that the most fundamental problem of the dairy industry lies in the milk source, which is the key to ensuring the rapid, healthy and sustainable development of China's dairy industry. In the process of transformation of the dairy industry, policy guidance will certainly play an important role. Among them, dairy industry standards must play their role in the form of mandatory force.
2. The significance of including somatic cell count in quality and safety standards. The author and many experts in the industry strongly advocate that the somatic cell count (SCC) indicator should be included in the newly revised national raw milk quality and safety standards. This suggestion is mainly based on the following facts:
1. Somatic cell count (SCC) is closely related to dairy quality. It is common knowledge in the international dairy industry that the lower the SCC, the higher the raw milk quality; the higher the SCC, the greater the impact on raw milk quality, and it has a greatly adverse effect on the shelf life of raw milk and the yield, quality and flavor of downstream dairy products such as yogurt and cheese. Therefore, it is considered by experts from various countries as one of the most important indicators in raw milk quality standards. The specific impact of SCC on milk quality is reflected in: when SCC is too high, it easily reduces the proportion of non-fat solids in milk, affects the sterilization effect of products, shortens the shelf life of products, easily loses the original natural flavor of milk, and reduces product quality. The lipase contained in SCC can decompose fat, producing rancid odor, and can reduce the amount of casein, reducing cheese yield. When SCC is too high, it has an inhibitory effect on the reproduction of lactic acid bacteria, thereby adversely affecting yogurt production. When SCC is too high, it also leads to increased proteolytic enzyme activity producing bitterness, and causes an increase in sodium ions and chloride ions producing a salty taste.
2. Somatic cell count (SCC) reflects dairy cow health and the level of scientific breeding, and is difficult to falsify. SCC can accurately reflect the health level of the herd, thereby reflecting the scientific breeding level of the dairy farm, and is a marker indicator of the scientific breeding and management level of dairy farms. Setting requirements for SCC means setting requirements for the scientific breeding level of dairy farms. Moreover, this indicator, unlike indicators such as protein and antibiotics, cannot be artificially falsified. SCC cannot be changed through adulteration or other means; it can only be improved by genuinely improving the breeding and management level of the farm.
SCC is a dynamic biological phenomenon. The SCC of a farm's bulk milk sample can reflect the incidence of dairy cow mastitis and herd health status. The SCC of an individual cow's milk sample can reflect the degree of mastitis infection in dairy cows and can also be used to estimate the loss of milk production. A large number of scientific studies have shown that when the SCC of a farm's bulk milk sample is higher than 500,000, 50% to 60% of the cows in that herd have subclinical mastitis, indicating that the farm's scientific breeding and management level needs improvement, and there are many hidden quality and safety risks in raw milk. It is necessary to investigate each link of daily feeding management, find the causes of the problems and resolve them. Therefore, SCC is the most important indicator in raw milk quality standards for judging herd health and farm management level.
3. Somatic cell count (SCC) sends disease prevention and control signals, enabling early action to reduce losses. SCC can accurately reflect the incidence of mastitis in the herd, and mastitis is the disease that causes the greatest losses in the dairy industry. It is common knowledge in the industry that solving mastitis "focuses on prevention rather than treatment." SCC is the only reliable indicator that sends a "timely prevention and control" signal. Taking early prevention and control measures under the signal of the SCC indicator can greatly reduce the losses caused by mastitis and increase the benefits of dairy farmers.
Through SCC, the incidence of dairy cow mastitis in a farm and the resulting milk production loss can be calculated. What causes excessively high SCC is subclinical mastitis, which is difficult for people to detect with the naked eye and shows no abnormality in the milk. Precisely because of this, SCC, this important quality indicator, has been neglected by many domestic manufacturers and even more so by the vast number of dairy farmers, thereby causing huge losses. Scientific research shows that about one-third of the approximately 200 million dairy cows worldwide suffer from mastitis, causing 30 billion US dollars in losses globally each year. Surveys and studies by different institutions and regions show that the economic losses caused by this in China each year amount to more than 10 billion yuan. Taking timely prevention and control measures under the signal of the SCC indicator can greatly reduce milk production losses, medical expenses and additional veterinary labor costs caused by mastitis, increase the benefits of dairy farmers, and promote the improvement of scientific breeding levels.
4. Countries around the world have adopted somatic cell count (SCC) as an indicator in raw milk quality and safety standards. Developed dairy countries worldwide have all included SCC in their national standards for raw milk quality, and the trend in various countries is to set increasingly strict standards for SCC. China's standards should not be missing this indicator; otherwise, the gap with the international dairy industry will grow larger and larger, creating greater obstacles for China's dairy product exports.
According to the latest EU standards on raw milk quality, SCC should be less than 400,000/ml. New Zealand and Australia are major exporters of dairy products, and both countries adopt the EU regulation of SCC below 400,000/ml. In fact, many countries are still considering implementing higher standards. New Zealand is considering implementing a nationwide standard of SCC 300,000/ml, with a target of reaching SCC 200,000/ml. Canada currently adopts a standard of SCC 500,000/ml, but is considering the EU standard of SCC 400,000/ml. At present, US dairy products cannot enter the EU market because the US SCC standard is 750,000/ml, which does not meet the EU-specified indicator. For this reason, the United States is considering revising its national standard on SCC. Japan also has strict regulations on quality, with its SCC generally below 200,000/ml.
5. The successful practice in the Shanghai region has proven that somatic cell count monitoring significantly promotes dairy industry progress. In 2006, the Shanghai region included the SCC indicator as a mandatory indicator in the quality testing of raw fresh milk purchases and piloted a quality-based pricing method basically in line with international practices, using the price lever to guide dairy farms to improve breeding levels and raw milk quality. Three years of practice have shown that using the price lever to guide dairy farms to improve breeding levels and raw milk quality, and controlling SCC, is effective, and has greatly promoted the continuous improvement of breeding levels in the region, the enhancement of raw milk quality, and the transformation of breeding models. It can be seen how important a good dairy quality standard is for promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the dairy industry. In early June, Shanghai already decided to once again set higher requirements for SCC, further aligning with international standards, in order to welcome the 2010 World Expo with internationally standard dairy products. In the words of experts from the Shanghai Dairy Industry Association, the development of Shanghai's dairy industry has greatly benefited from "grasping the bull's nose of SCC."
3. Suggestions. At present, some domestic experts are concerned that given the generally excessively high SCC levels in China's dairy farms, if SCC is included in mandatory standards, it will impact some dairy farmers, and they hope to fully understand the SCC situation under different breeding models and conditions in various regions before revising the standards. It should be said that this concern is not without reason. However, after investigation, research and extensive discussion, we believe: First, we must not give up eating for fear of choking. China's practice has proven that without including it in mandatory standards and linking it to milk prices, it is impossible to expect practitioners to automatically and actively improve SCC, which will inevitably delay the improvement of scientific breeding levels in the dairy industry and miss development opportunities. Second, practice has proven that existing technical solutions can solve the SCC problem in a short period. Recently, a small number of domestic dairy enterprises have begun to realize the importance of SCC and have started monitoring SCC in the raw milk purchasing process, with rapid results. Practice shows that dairy farms that pay attention to the SCC indicator can, through measures such as improving feeding management and increasing disease prevention and control efforts, completely significantly reduce SCC to meet standards within 1-2 months. Many domestic farms and communities have through their efforts reached levels below 400,000 (EU standard), some even reaching 200,000 (New Zealand's target), and most can be reduced to below 750,000 (US standard). Third, new standards should appropriately lead the industry's current situation. The promulgation of new national standards is a very serious matter, and generally they will not be repeatedly revised within several years. A standard with a missing or lagging key indicator will cause incalculable losses to industry development. The level of the indicator may be discussed, but the presence or absence of the indicator is a directional and principled issue. Historical experience repeatedly tells us that solving problems through reform and development is the fundamental way out. Hesitating due to concerns will inevitably lead to a more passive situation.
In summary, including the SCC indicator in the new national dairy quality and safety standards grasps the key issue at the key link, and grasps the bull's nose of raw milk quality and safety standards. It will inevitably have a positive, broad and far-reaching impact on the continuous improvement of China's raw fresh milk source quality, the continuous enhancement of scientific breeding levels, the avoidance of huge economic losses caused by dairy cow mastitis, and further alignment with international standards. It is a measure of great practical significance for the sustainable and healthy development of China's dairy industry and the improvement of national physical fitness!
--------------------------------------
Milk source quality is still monitored at the intermediate links. At present, the state has subsidized the construction of quite a few milking parlors, which can meet general requirements.
At the end of last year, the domestic incident of infant formula containing excessive melamine, which caused kidney stones and deaths among numerous children across all provinces nationwide, while calling into question the product quality and corporate ethics of formula processing enterprises, also highlighted the widespread quality and safety supervision problems in domestic milk sources. The safety of dairy products is a major issue concerning health and people's livelihood, and is also an issue to which national leaders and relevant ministries and commissions attach great importance. As early as September 19, 2007, Premier Wen Jiabao chaired an executive meeting of the State Council, requiring that "local governments at all levels should take promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the dairy industry as a major and urgent task." On September 27, 2007, the State Council issued the "Opinions of the State Council on Promoting the Sustainable and Healthy Development of the Dairy Industry," which clearly stated that "improving the quality of raw milk should be placed in a prominently important position." On October 9, 2008, the State Council issued the "Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Dairy Quality and Safety"... It should be said that the government has made extraordinary efforts in paying attention to the development of the dairy industry and the quality of dairy products! After the milk powder incident, on November 20, 2008, the National Development and Reform Commission and 13 other ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Outline for the Rectification and Revitalization of the Dairy Industry," which clearly stated that "the revision (formulation) of standards must be completed within one year and enforced as national mandatory standards. Enterprises and localities are encouraged to formulate stricter enterprise and local standards." At present, the industry and all sectors of society are closely watching the introduction of new standards, and dairy enterprises are stepping up research and deployment of a series of work after the new standards are issued. In this regard, the author suggests that the somatic cell count (SCC) indicator should be included in the newly revised national raw milk quality and safety standards.
Somatic Cell Count (SCC) refers to the number of somatic cells contained per milliliter of milk, whose main component is white blood cells, accounting for 99%. SCC is a dynamic biological phenomenon that can serve as an important indicator for judging the quality of milk. It not only reflects the degree of bacterial infection of the dairy cow's udder, but can also be used to estimate the loss of milk production of dairy cows. At present, the national standards of all milk-producing countries have adopted SCC as a mandatory indicator for raw milk quality standards, and it is linked to raw milk prices to incentivize continuous reduction of SCC. Currently, many countries are also considering implementing stricter SCC standards to promote dairy farms to continuously improve their scientific breeding and management levels, thereby ensuring continuous improvement of raw milk quality.
1. The important position of the dairy industry and its problems. Dairy products are important "shopping basket" products, closely related to people's daily lives. Because milk is rich in nutrients and can greatly improve people's physical fitness, more and more countries have closely linked milk with national physical fitness. Japan, which is also in Asia with China, realized the slogan of "a glass of milk strengthens a nation" through practical action in the 1960s-70s. Thailand established a National Milk Drinking Promotion Committee in 1985. The Indian government launched a "White Revolution," with total milk production jumping to first in the world and per capita milk consumption increasing from 38 kg to 90 kg. China's current per capita milk consumption is less than 30 kg.
Since the reform and opening up, China's dairy industry has experienced rapid growth and has also made positive contributions to enriching urban and rural markets, optimizing the agricultural structure, and increasing farmers' income. The development of the dairy industry, including feed production, fine breed cultivation, dairy cow raising, disease prevention and control, milk purchasing, cold chain storage and transportation, milk processing, marketing and trade, catering and health care, etc., is an ultra-long industrial chain with a huge linkage effect on the common development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. In the total agricultural output value of developed countries, the dairy industry accounts for an average of more than 40%. At present, the proportion of China's dairy industry in agricultural output value is only 3%. If it were increased to 13%, it would create an industrial pulling space of 350 billion yuan in output value. Therefore, the development of the dairy industry still has enormous room for development in terms of production quantity, quality and deep processing capacity.
However, China's rapidly developing industrial chain itself has accumulated a large number of problems. Among them, the level of scientific dairy cow breeding in the upstream of the industry is very backward, severely restricting the development of the entire industry and giving rise to a series of problems, becoming the most concentrated and prominent difficulty. The 2008 infant formula incident was a shock and pain caused by deep-seated contradictions in the industry. This incident finally made the entire industry realize that the most fundamental problem of the dairy industry lies in the milk source, which is the key to ensuring the rapid, healthy and sustainable development of China's dairy industry. In the process of transformation of the dairy industry, policy guidance will certainly play an important role. Among them, dairy industry standards must play their role in the form of mandatory force.
2. The significance of including somatic cell count in quality and safety standards. The author and many experts in the industry strongly advocate that the somatic cell count (SCC) indicator should be included in the newly revised national raw milk quality and safety standards. This suggestion is mainly based on the following facts:
1. Somatic cell count (SCC) is closely related to dairy quality. It is common knowledge in the international dairy industry that the lower the SCC, the higher the raw milk quality; the higher the SCC, the greater the impact on raw milk quality, and it has a greatly adverse effect on the shelf life of raw milk and the yield, quality and flavor of downstream dairy products such as yogurt and cheese. Therefore, it is considered by experts from various countries as one of the most important indicators in raw milk quality standards. The specific impact of SCC on milk quality is reflected in: when SCC is too high, it easily reduces the proportion of non-fat solids in milk, affects the sterilization effect of products, shortens the shelf life of products, easily loses the original natural flavor of milk, and reduces product quality. The lipase contained in SCC can decompose fat, producing rancid odor, and can reduce the amount of casein, reducing cheese yield. When SCC is too high, it has an inhibitory effect on the reproduction of lactic acid bacteria, thereby adversely affecting yogurt production. When SCC is too high, it also leads to increased proteolytic enzyme activity producing bitterness, and causes an increase in sodium ions and chloride ions producing a salty taste.
2. Somatic cell count (SCC) reflects dairy cow health and the level of scientific breeding, and is difficult to falsify. SCC can accurately reflect the health level of the herd, thereby reflecting the scientific breeding level of the dairy farm, and is a marker indicator of the scientific breeding and management level of dairy farms. Setting requirements for SCC means setting requirements for the scientific breeding level of dairy farms. Moreover, this indicator, unlike indicators such as protein and antibiotics, cannot be artificially falsified. SCC cannot be changed through adulteration or other means; it can only be improved by genuinely improving the breeding and management level of the farm.
SCC is a dynamic biological phenomenon. The SCC of a farm's bulk milk sample can reflect the incidence of dairy cow mastitis and herd health status. The SCC of an individual cow's milk sample can reflect the degree of mastitis infection in dairy cows and can also be used to estimate the loss of milk production. A large number of scientific studies have shown that when the SCC of a farm's bulk milk sample is higher than 500,000, 50% to 60% of the cows in that herd have subclinical mastitis, indicating that the farm's scientific breeding and management level needs improvement, and there are many hidden quality and safety risks in raw milk. It is necessary to investigate each link of daily feeding management, find the causes of the problems and resolve them. Therefore, SCC is the most important indicator in raw milk quality standards for judging herd health and farm management level.
3. Somatic cell count (SCC) sends disease prevention and control signals, enabling early action to reduce losses. SCC can accurately reflect the incidence of mastitis in the herd, and mastitis is the disease that causes the greatest losses in the dairy industry. It is common knowledge in the industry that solving mastitis "focuses on prevention rather than treatment." SCC is the only reliable indicator that sends a "timely prevention and control" signal. Taking early prevention and control measures under the signal of the SCC indicator can greatly reduce the losses caused by mastitis and increase the benefits of dairy farmers.
Through SCC, the incidence of dairy cow mastitis in a farm and the resulting milk production loss can be calculated. What causes excessively high SCC is subclinical mastitis, which is difficult for people to detect with the naked eye and shows no abnormality in the milk. Precisely because of this, SCC, this important quality indicator, has been neglected by many domestic manufacturers and even more so by the vast number of dairy farmers, thereby causing huge losses. Scientific research shows that about one-third of the approximately 200 million dairy cows worldwide suffer from mastitis, causing 30 billion US dollars in losses globally each year. Surveys and studies by different institutions and regions show that the economic losses caused by this in China each year amount to more than 10 billion yuan. Taking timely prevention and control measures under the signal of the SCC indicator can greatly reduce milk production losses, medical expenses and additional veterinary labor costs caused by mastitis, increase the benefits of dairy farmers, and promote the improvement of scientific breeding levels.
4. Countries around the world have adopted somatic cell count (SCC) as an indicator in raw milk quality and safety standards. Developed dairy countries worldwide have all included SCC in their national standards for raw milk quality, and the trend in various countries is to set increasingly strict standards for SCC. China's standards should not be missing this indicator; otherwise, the gap with the international dairy industry will grow larger and larger, creating greater obstacles for China's dairy product exports.
According to the latest EU standards on raw milk quality, SCC should be less than 400,000/ml. New Zealand and Australia are major exporters of dairy products, and both countries adopt the EU regulation of SCC below 400,000/ml. In fact, many countries are still considering implementing higher standards. New Zealand is considering implementing a nationwide standard of SCC 300,000/ml, with a target of reaching SCC 200,000/ml. Canada currently adopts a standard of SCC 500,000/ml, but is considering the EU standard of SCC 400,000/ml. At present, US dairy products cannot enter the EU market because the US SCC standard is 750,000/ml, which does not meet the EU-specified indicator. For this reason, the United States is considering revising its national standard on SCC. Japan also has strict regulations on quality, with its SCC generally below 200,000/ml.
5. The successful practice in the Shanghai region has proven that somatic cell count monitoring significantly promotes dairy industry progress. In 2006, the Shanghai region included the SCC indicator as a mandatory indicator in the quality testing of raw fresh milk purchases and piloted a quality-based pricing method basically in line with international practices, using the price lever to guide dairy farms to improve breeding levels and raw milk quality. Three years of practice have shown that using the price lever to guide dairy farms to improve breeding levels and raw milk quality, and controlling SCC, is effective, and has greatly promoted the continuous improvement of breeding levels in the region, the enhancement of raw milk quality, and the transformation of breeding models. It can be seen how important a good dairy quality standard is for promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the dairy industry. In early June, Shanghai already decided to once again set higher requirements for SCC, further aligning with international standards, in order to welcome the 2010 World Expo with internationally standard dairy products. In the words of experts from the Shanghai Dairy Industry Association, the development of Shanghai's dairy industry has greatly benefited from "grasping the bull's nose of SCC."
3. Suggestions. At present, some domestic experts are concerned that given the generally excessively high SCC levels in China's dairy farms, if SCC is included in mandatory standards, it will impact some dairy farmers, and they hope to fully understand the SCC situation under different breeding models and conditions in various regions before revising the standards. It should be said that this concern is not without reason. However, after investigation, research and extensive discussion, we believe: First, we must not give up eating for fear of choking. China's practice has proven that without including it in mandatory standards and linking it to milk prices, it is impossible to expect practitioners to automatically and actively improve SCC, which will inevitably delay the improvement of scientific breeding levels in the dairy industry and miss development opportunities. Second, practice has proven that existing technical solutions can solve the SCC problem in a short period. Recently, a small number of domestic dairy enterprises have begun to realize the importance of SCC and have started monitoring SCC in the raw milk purchasing process, with rapid results. Practice shows that dairy farms that pay attention to the SCC indicator can, through measures such as improving feeding management and increasing disease prevention and control efforts, completely significantly reduce SCC to meet standards within 1-2 months. Many domestic farms and communities have through their efforts reached levels below 400,000 (EU standard), some even reaching 200,000 (New Zealand's target), and most can be reduced to below 750,000 (US standard). Third, new standards should appropriately lead the industry's current situation. The promulgation of new national standards is a very serious matter, and generally they will not be repeatedly revised within several years. A standard with a missing or lagging key indicator will cause incalculable losses to industry development. The level of the indicator may be discussed, but the presence or absence of the indicator is a directional and principled issue. Historical experience repeatedly tells us that solving problems through reform and development is the fundamental way out. Hesitating due to concerns will inevitably lead to a more passive situation.
In summary, including the SCC indicator in the new national dairy quality and safety standards grasps the key issue at the key link, and grasps the bull's nose of raw milk quality and safety standards. It will inevitably have a positive, broad and far-reaching impact on the continuous improvement of China's raw fresh milk source quality, the continuous enhancement of scientific breeding levels, the avoidance of huge economic losses caused by dairy cow mastitis, and further alignment with international standards. It is a measure of great practical significance for the sustainable and healthy development of China's dairy industry and the improvement of national physical fitness!
--------------------------------------
Milk source quality is still monitored at the intermediate links. At present, the state has subsidized the construction of quite a few milking parlors, which can meet general requirements.