Clinical symptoms, pathological changes, and an investigation of the incidence of swine influenza in recent years
The clinical symptoms and pathological changes of swine influenza; let's investigate whose pigs have had it in recent years
: Swine influenza
English: swine influenza
English abbreviation: swine flu
[Edit this section] Introduction to swine influenza
Swine influenza, whose full name is swine influenza, is an acute, contagious respiratory disease of pigs. It is characterized by sudden onset, coughing, difficulty breathing, fever, and rapid recovery. Swine influenza is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by a virus. Swine influenza is caused by influenza A virus (type A influenza virus), usually breaks out among pigs, and is highly contagious but usually does not cause death. It occurs most frequently in autumn and winter, but can spread throughout the year. Swine influenza is mostly identified as influenza C virus (type C influenza virus), or as one of the subtypes of influenza A virus. The virus can cause influenza outbreaks in pig herds. Under normal circumstances, humans are rarely infected with swine influenza virus.
There are many different varieties of swine influenza, including: influenza A viruses of the H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3 subtypes can all cause swine influenza infection. Unlike avian influenza, swine influenza can be transmitted from person to person. Human infection with swine influenza has occurred in the past, but no cases of human-to-human transmission had occurred. In mid-April 2009, Mexico announced cases of human-to-human transmission of swine influenza; the case concerned was caused by the H1N1 swine influenza virus, and during genetic analysis it was found that the genes contained genes from pigs, chickens, and human populations from Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Symptoms of human infection with swine influenza: patients with swine influenza usually have a high fever above 39 degrees Celsius, severe headache, muscle pain, cough, nasal congestion, red eyes, and other symptoms.
[Edit this section] Symptoms of swine influenza in pigs and its prevention and treatment
Key points for diagnosis: Epidemic characteristics. Pigs of all ages, sexes, and breeds are susceptible to this virus. The epidemic of this disease has obvious seasonality, and it is prone to occur in late autumn with changeable weather, early spring, and cold winter. The disease spreads rapidly and often appears as an endemic epidemic or a pandemic. The disease has a high incidence rate and a low mortality rate (4%-10%). Sick pigs and virus-carrying pigs are the source of infection for swine influenza, and pigs carry the virus for 6-8 weeks after recovering from the illness.
Clinical features: The incubation period of this disease is very short, from a few hours to several days, with an average of 4 days when it occurs naturally. In the early stage of the disease, the body temperature of sick pigs suddenly rises to 40.3°C-41.5°C, with anorexia or complete loss of appetite, extreme weakness even to the point of collapse, and they often lie on the ground. Rapid breathing, abdominal breathing, and paroxysmal coughing. Mucus flows from the eyes and nose, and nasal secretions are sometimes blood-tinged. Sick pigs lie crowded together and are difficult to move; when touched, the muscles are stiff and painful, diaphragmatic spasm occurs, and breathing is interrupted, generally called hiccups. If there is secondary infection, the condition worsens, and fibrinous hemorrhagic pneumonia or enteritis occurs. If a sow is infected during pregnancy, the piglets born develop severe disease 2-5 days after birth, and some die during lactation and before and after weaning.
Pathological changes: The pathological changes of swine influenza are mainly in the respiratory organs. The mucous membranes of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi are congested and swollen, with a sticky fluid covering the surface, and the small bronchi and bronchioles are filled with foamy exudate. A large amount of serous fluid mixed with fibrin accumulates in the thoracic cavity and pericardial cavity. The lung lesions often occur in the apical lobe, cardiac lobe, intermediate lobe, and the dorsal and basal parts of the diaphragmatic lobe, with a clear boundary from the surrounding tissues; the color ranges from red to purple, and the tissue is collapsed, firm, and leathery in toughness. The spleen is enlarged, and the cervical lymph nodes, mediastinal lymph nodes, and bronchial lymph nodes are enlarged and juicy.
Differential diagnosis of similar diseases: Because swine influenza does not always appear in a typical form and is also very similar to other respiratory diseases, clinical diagnosis can only be presumptive. In autumn or early winter, respiratory disease occurring in a pig herd can be suspected as swine influenza.
The explosive appearance of upper respiratory syndrome, including conjunctivitis, sneezing, and coughing, along with low mortality, can distinguish swine influenza from other upper respiratory diseases of pigs. In differential diagnosis, attention should be paid to the difference between swine enzootic pneumonia and this disease, as the two are most easily confused.
Prevention and treatment measures: There is no effective vaccine or specific therapy for this disease. What is important is good care and keeping the pig house clean, dry, warm, and free from draughts. Provide sufficient clean drinking water, and in the first few days of recovery, feed should be restricted. During the course of the disease, sick pigs must not be disturbed or moved, so as to reduce deaths caused by stress.
Swine influenza is characterized by sudden onset and rapid spread through the entire herd. The main symptom is upper respiratory tract infection, and it generally occurs mostly in winter and spring and when the climate changes abruptly. The disease often is secondary to Haemophilus parasuis infection.
Clinical symptoms and pathological changes
The incidence rate of this disease is high, the incubation period is 2-7 days, and the course of disease is about 1 week. In the early stage of the disease, sick pigs suddenly develop fever, are listless, and have reduced or completely lost appetite; they often lie side by side, are unwilling to move, have difficulty breathing, cough violently, and have mucus flowing from the eyes and nose. If treatment is not timely during the onset period, it is likely to be complicated by bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, and other conditions, increasing the mortality rate of pigs.
The body temperature of sick pigs rises to 40°C-41.5°C; they are depressed, have reduced appetite or do not eat, have muscle pain, are unwilling to stand, have viscous fluid flowing from the eyes and nose, and have conjunctival congestion. Some sick pigs have difficulty breathing, panting, and coughing, show abdominal breathing, and assume a sitting-dog posture. At night, wheezing can be heard from sick pigs. Some sick pigs have joint pain, and pigs in better body condition are more severely affected.
Necropsy shows that the larynx, trachea, and bronchi are filled with mucus containing bubbles, the mucous membranes are congested and swollen, sometimes mixed with blood, the pulmonary interstitium is widened, the lymph nodes are enlarged and congested, the spleen is enlarged, and the gastrointestinal mucosa has catarrhal hemorrhagic inflammation; fluid containing fibrinous material accumulates in the thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pericardial cavity.
Epidemic characteristics: Pigs of all ages, sexes, and breeds are susceptible to this virus. The epidemic of this disease has obvious seasonality, and it is prone to occur in late autumn with changeable weather, early spring, and cold winter. The disease spreads rapidly and often appears as an endemic epidemic or a pandemic. The disease has a high incidence rate and a low mortality rate (4%-10%). Sick pigs and virus-carrying pigs are the source of infection for swine influenza, and pigs carry the virus for 6-8 weeks after recovering from the illness.
Clinical features: The incubation period of this disease is very short, from a few hours to several days, with an average of 4 days when it occurs naturally. In the early stage of the disease, the body temperature of sick pigs suddenly rises to 40.3-41.5°C, with anorexia or complete loss of appetite, extreme weakness even to the point of collapse, and they often lie on the ground. Rapid breathing, abdominal breathing, and paroxysmal coughing. Mucus flows from the eyes and nose, and nasal secretions are sometimes blood-tinged. Sick pigs lie crowded together and are difficult to move; when touched, the muscles are stiff and painful, diaphragmatic spasm occurs, and breathing is interrupted, generally called hiccups. If there is secondary infection, the condition worsens, and fibrinous hemorrhagic pneumonia or enteritis occurs. If a sow is infected during pregnancy, the piglets born develop severe disease 2-5 days after birth, and some die during lactation and before and after weaning.
Pathological changes: The pathological changes of swine influenza are mainly in the respiratory organs. The mucous membranes of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi are congested and swollen, with a sticky fluid covering the surface, and the small bronchi and bronchioles are filled with foamy exudate. A large amount of serous fluid mixed with fibrin accumulates in the thoracic cavity and pericardial cavity. The lung lesions often occur in the apical lobe, cardiac lobe, interlobar lobe, and the dorsal and basal parts of the diaphragmatic lobe, with a clear boundary from the surrounding tissues; the color ranges from red to purple, and the tissue is collapsed, firm, and leathery in toughness. The spleen is enlarged, and the cervical lymph nodes, mediastinal lymph nodes, and bronchial lymph nodes are enlarged and juicy.
--------------------------------------
So detailed. Bookmarked.
--------------------------------------
Thanks, bookmarked.
English: swine influenza
English abbreviation: swine flu
[Edit this section] Introduction to swine influenza
Swine influenza, whose full name is swine influenza, is an acute, contagious respiratory disease of pigs. It is characterized by sudden onset, coughing, difficulty breathing, fever, and rapid recovery. Swine influenza is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by a virus. Swine influenza is caused by influenza A virus (type A influenza virus), usually breaks out among pigs, and is highly contagious but usually does not cause death. It occurs most frequently in autumn and winter, but can spread throughout the year. Swine influenza is mostly identified as influenza C virus (type C influenza virus), or as one of the subtypes of influenza A virus. The virus can cause influenza outbreaks in pig herds. Under normal circumstances, humans are rarely infected with swine influenza virus.
There are many different varieties of swine influenza, including: influenza A viruses of the H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3 subtypes can all cause swine influenza infection. Unlike avian influenza, swine influenza can be transmitted from person to person. Human infection with swine influenza has occurred in the past, but no cases of human-to-human transmission had occurred. In mid-April 2009, Mexico announced cases of human-to-human transmission of swine influenza; the case concerned was caused by the H1N1 swine influenza virus, and during genetic analysis it was found that the genes contained genes from pigs, chickens, and human populations from Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Symptoms of human infection with swine influenza: patients with swine influenza usually have a high fever above 39 degrees Celsius, severe headache, muscle pain, cough, nasal congestion, red eyes, and other symptoms.
[Edit this section] Symptoms of swine influenza in pigs and its prevention and treatment
Key points for diagnosis: Epidemic characteristics. Pigs of all ages, sexes, and breeds are susceptible to this virus. The epidemic of this disease has obvious seasonality, and it is prone to occur in late autumn with changeable weather, early spring, and cold winter. The disease spreads rapidly and often appears as an endemic epidemic or a pandemic. The disease has a high incidence rate and a low mortality rate (4%-10%). Sick pigs and virus-carrying pigs are the source of infection for swine influenza, and pigs carry the virus for 6-8 weeks after recovering from the illness.
Clinical features: The incubation period of this disease is very short, from a few hours to several days, with an average of 4 days when it occurs naturally. In the early stage of the disease, the body temperature of sick pigs suddenly rises to 40.3°C-41.5°C, with anorexia or complete loss of appetite, extreme weakness even to the point of collapse, and they often lie on the ground. Rapid breathing, abdominal breathing, and paroxysmal coughing. Mucus flows from the eyes and nose, and nasal secretions are sometimes blood-tinged. Sick pigs lie crowded together and are difficult to move; when touched, the muscles are stiff and painful, diaphragmatic spasm occurs, and breathing is interrupted, generally called hiccups. If there is secondary infection, the condition worsens, and fibrinous hemorrhagic pneumonia or enteritis occurs. If a sow is infected during pregnancy, the piglets born develop severe disease 2-5 days after birth, and some die during lactation and before and after weaning.
Pathological changes: The pathological changes of swine influenza are mainly in the respiratory organs. The mucous membranes of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi are congested and swollen, with a sticky fluid covering the surface, and the small bronchi and bronchioles are filled with foamy exudate. A large amount of serous fluid mixed with fibrin accumulates in the thoracic cavity and pericardial cavity. The lung lesions often occur in the apical lobe, cardiac lobe, intermediate lobe, and the dorsal and basal parts of the diaphragmatic lobe, with a clear boundary from the surrounding tissues; the color ranges from red to purple, and the tissue is collapsed, firm, and leathery in toughness. The spleen is enlarged, and the cervical lymph nodes, mediastinal lymph nodes, and bronchial lymph nodes are enlarged and juicy.
Differential diagnosis of similar diseases: Because swine influenza does not always appear in a typical form and is also very similar to other respiratory diseases, clinical diagnosis can only be presumptive. In autumn or early winter, respiratory disease occurring in a pig herd can be suspected as swine influenza.
The explosive appearance of upper respiratory syndrome, including conjunctivitis, sneezing, and coughing, along with low mortality, can distinguish swine influenza from other upper respiratory diseases of pigs. In differential diagnosis, attention should be paid to the difference between swine enzootic pneumonia and this disease, as the two are most easily confused.
Prevention and treatment measures: There is no effective vaccine or specific therapy for this disease. What is important is good care and keeping the pig house clean, dry, warm, and free from draughts. Provide sufficient clean drinking water, and in the first few days of recovery, feed should be restricted. During the course of the disease, sick pigs must not be disturbed or moved, so as to reduce deaths caused by stress.
Swine influenza is characterized by sudden onset and rapid spread through the entire herd. The main symptom is upper respiratory tract infection, and it generally occurs mostly in winter and spring and when the climate changes abruptly. The disease often is secondary to Haemophilus parasuis infection.
Clinical symptoms and pathological changes
The incidence rate of this disease is high, the incubation period is 2-7 days, and the course of disease is about 1 week. In the early stage of the disease, sick pigs suddenly develop fever, are listless, and have reduced or completely lost appetite; they often lie side by side, are unwilling to move, have difficulty breathing, cough violently, and have mucus flowing from the eyes and nose. If treatment is not timely during the onset period, it is likely to be complicated by bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, and other conditions, increasing the mortality rate of pigs.
The body temperature of sick pigs rises to 40°C-41.5°C; they are depressed, have reduced appetite or do not eat, have muscle pain, are unwilling to stand, have viscous fluid flowing from the eyes and nose, and have conjunctival congestion. Some sick pigs have difficulty breathing, panting, and coughing, show abdominal breathing, and assume a sitting-dog posture. At night, wheezing can be heard from sick pigs. Some sick pigs have joint pain, and pigs in better body condition are more severely affected.
Necropsy shows that the larynx, trachea, and bronchi are filled with mucus containing bubbles, the mucous membranes are congested and swollen, sometimes mixed with blood, the pulmonary interstitium is widened, the lymph nodes are enlarged and congested, the spleen is enlarged, and the gastrointestinal mucosa has catarrhal hemorrhagic inflammation; fluid containing fibrinous material accumulates in the thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pericardial cavity.
Epidemic characteristics: Pigs of all ages, sexes, and breeds are susceptible to this virus. The epidemic of this disease has obvious seasonality, and it is prone to occur in late autumn with changeable weather, early spring, and cold winter. The disease spreads rapidly and often appears as an endemic epidemic or a pandemic. The disease has a high incidence rate and a low mortality rate (4%-10%). Sick pigs and virus-carrying pigs are the source of infection for swine influenza, and pigs carry the virus for 6-8 weeks after recovering from the illness.
Clinical features: The incubation period of this disease is very short, from a few hours to several days, with an average of 4 days when it occurs naturally. In the early stage of the disease, the body temperature of sick pigs suddenly rises to 40.3-41.5°C, with anorexia or complete loss of appetite, extreme weakness even to the point of collapse, and they often lie on the ground. Rapid breathing, abdominal breathing, and paroxysmal coughing. Mucus flows from the eyes and nose, and nasal secretions are sometimes blood-tinged. Sick pigs lie crowded together and are difficult to move; when touched, the muscles are stiff and painful, diaphragmatic spasm occurs, and breathing is interrupted, generally called hiccups. If there is secondary infection, the condition worsens, and fibrinous hemorrhagic pneumonia or enteritis occurs. If a sow is infected during pregnancy, the piglets born develop severe disease 2-5 days after birth, and some die during lactation and before and after weaning.
Pathological changes: The pathological changes of swine influenza are mainly in the respiratory organs. The mucous membranes of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi are congested and swollen, with a sticky fluid covering the surface, and the small bronchi and bronchioles are filled with foamy exudate. A large amount of serous fluid mixed with fibrin accumulates in the thoracic cavity and pericardial cavity. The lung lesions often occur in the apical lobe, cardiac lobe, interlobar lobe, and the dorsal and basal parts of the diaphragmatic lobe, with a clear boundary from the surrounding tissues; the color ranges from red to purple, and the tissue is collapsed, firm, and leathery in toughness. The spleen is enlarged, and the cervical lymph nodes, mediastinal lymph nodes, and bronchial lymph nodes are enlarged and juicy.
--------------------------------------
So detailed. Bookmarked.
--------------------------------------
Thanks, bookmarked.