Several Common Types of Livestock and Poultry Influenza
Several Common Types of Livestock and Poultry Influenza
1. Chicken influenza: This disease is an acute hemorrhagic infectious disease caused by the type A influenza virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family, mainly characterized by difficulty breathing and a drop in egg production. It occurs in all four seasons, but is more common in cold seasons. Infection occurs through contact via the digestive tract and respiratory tract. The epidemic strain currently circulating in China is the mild type.
1. Clinical symptoms:
(1) Sick chickens show elevated body temperature, listlessness, ruffled feathers, and reduced eating and drinking; (2) Sick chickens show coughing, difficulty breathing, swelling of the head and face, purple discoloration of the comb and wattles, and bleeding of the keratinized scales on the shanks of the hind limbs; (3) Severe and extensive hemorrhage of the serous membranes, mucous membranes, and parenchymal organs throughout the body. (4) In laying hens, the laying flock's egg production drops sharply, with varying degrees of decline, and soft-shelled eggs, thin-shelled eggs, and faded eggs increase; (5) There is white viscous or egg-white-like secretion in the oviduct.
2. Swine influenza: It is an acute, highly contagious infectious disease of pigs, characterized by sudden onset and rapid spread through the whole herd. The main symptoms are upper respiratory tract infection, and it generally occurs mostly in winter and spring and when the climate changes abruptly. This disease also often occurs secondary to Haemophilus parasuis infection in pigs.
Clinical symptoms in pigs
The incubation period of this disease is very short, from a few hours to several days, with an average of 4 days when it occurs naturally. Sick pigs have a body temperature rising to 40 degrees C to 41.5 degrees C, are listless, have reduced appetite or stop eating, have muscle pain, are unwilling to stand, have viscous fluid flowing from the eyes and nose, have conjunctival congestion, and some sick pigs have difficulty breathing, panting, coughing, abdominal breathing, and a sitting-dog posture. At night, wheezing can be heard from sick pigs. Some sick pigs have joint pain, and pigs in better body condition are especially more severely affected.
On necropsy, the larynx, trachea, and bronchi are seen to be filled with mucus containing bubbles, the mucosa is congested and swollen, sometimes mixed with blood, the pulmonary interstitium is widened, the lymph nodes are enlarged and congested, the spleen is enlarged, the gastrointestinal mucosa shows catarrhal hemorrhagic inflammation, and fluid containing fibrin material accumulates in the thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pericardial cavity.
3. Equine influenza: It is an acute epidemic disease caused by equine type A influenza myxovirus (Myxovirus inflnenga A-cqui); it is characterized by sudden onset, frequent dry cough, fever, clear nasal discharge, high morbidity, and low mortality. In the past, the so-called equine "influenza" recorded in historical literature actually included several equine diseases that were not clearly distinguished, so the related accounts made the history of true equine influenza unclear. It is now known that the so-called "equine influenza" of the past was caused not only by the true influenza virus, but also by herpesvirus causing rhinopneumonitis and equine viral arteritis, and there may also be other etiologies awaiting discovery.
4. Beef cattle influenza: This disease, abbreviated as influenza, is an acute, febrile, systemic infectious disease of beef cattle. It is characterized by sudden fever, severe catarrhal inflammation of the digestive tract and respiratory tract, often complicated by arthritis of the limbs, and occasionally subcutaneous emphysema.
Pathogen: The pathogen is bovine influenza virus, which exists in the blood, lungs, and respiratory secretions of sick cattle. It has low resistance to the external environment and can be killed in 10 minutes at 56 degrees. Ultraviolet irradiation, acid, and alkali all have inactivating effects.
This disease spreads rapidly, with a morbidity rate of 40% to 60%. It is mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract. Bites by blood-sucking insects, equipment, humans, and other animals can all spread this disease. It occurs mostly in the late autumn and early spring seasons of damp, rainy weather and abrupt climate changes. Beef cattle aged 3 to 5 years are most susceptible to the disease, and poor feeding and management, improper use for labor, and similar factors can induce this disease. The course of the disease is short, but the outcome is generally good. According to many years of observation, this disease has a major epidemic every 3 to 5 years.
Symptoms: The incubation period is 2 to 4 days, with sudden onset and very rapid spread. At onset, the hair stands erect and skin temperature is uneven. Local to whole-body muscle trembling occurs, most notably in the head and neck. The joints of the hind limbs are painful, leading to paralysis and inability to stand.
Diagnosis: It is not difficult to confirm the diagnosis mainly based on epidemic characteristics and clinical symptoms, but it should be differentiated from the common cold (fengshan). The common cold is not epidemic, body temperature is slightly elevated or normal, and there are no obvious systemic symptoms. (.........)
--------------------------------------
The most terrifying is H5N1, which caused large numbers of poultry infections, and H1N1, which caused the current worldwide pandemic.
--------------------------------------
Since there are classifications, how should prevention and treatment be done? Could the original poster explain it more clearly?
1. Clinical symptoms:
(1) Sick chickens show elevated body temperature, listlessness, ruffled feathers, and reduced eating and drinking; (2) Sick chickens show coughing, difficulty breathing, swelling of the head and face, purple discoloration of the comb and wattles, and bleeding of the keratinized scales on the shanks of the hind limbs; (3) Severe and extensive hemorrhage of the serous membranes, mucous membranes, and parenchymal organs throughout the body. (4) In laying hens, the laying flock's egg production drops sharply, with varying degrees of decline, and soft-shelled eggs, thin-shelled eggs, and faded eggs increase; (5) There is white viscous or egg-white-like secretion in the oviduct.
2. Swine influenza: It is an acute, highly contagious infectious disease of pigs, characterized by sudden onset and rapid spread through the whole herd. The main symptoms are upper respiratory tract infection, and it generally occurs mostly in winter and spring and when the climate changes abruptly. This disease also often occurs secondary to Haemophilus parasuis infection in pigs.
Clinical symptoms in pigs
The incubation period of this disease is very short, from a few hours to several days, with an average of 4 days when it occurs naturally. Sick pigs have a body temperature rising to 40 degrees C to 41.5 degrees C, are listless, have reduced appetite or stop eating, have muscle pain, are unwilling to stand, have viscous fluid flowing from the eyes and nose, have conjunctival congestion, and some sick pigs have difficulty breathing, panting, coughing, abdominal breathing, and a sitting-dog posture. At night, wheezing can be heard from sick pigs. Some sick pigs have joint pain, and pigs in better body condition are especially more severely affected.
On necropsy, the larynx, trachea, and bronchi are seen to be filled with mucus containing bubbles, the mucosa is congested and swollen, sometimes mixed with blood, the pulmonary interstitium is widened, the lymph nodes are enlarged and congested, the spleen is enlarged, the gastrointestinal mucosa shows catarrhal hemorrhagic inflammation, and fluid containing fibrin material accumulates in the thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pericardial cavity.
3. Equine influenza: It is an acute epidemic disease caused by equine type A influenza myxovirus (Myxovirus inflnenga A-cqui); it is characterized by sudden onset, frequent dry cough, fever, clear nasal discharge, high morbidity, and low mortality. In the past, the so-called equine "influenza" recorded in historical literature actually included several equine diseases that were not clearly distinguished, so the related accounts made the history of true equine influenza unclear. It is now known that the so-called "equine influenza" of the past was caused not only by the true influenza virus, but also by herpesvirus causing rhinopneumonitis and equine viral arteritis, and there may also be other etiologies awaiting discovery.
4. Beef cattle influenza: This disease, abbreviated as influenza, is an acute, febrile, systemic infectious disease of beef cattle. It is characterized by sudden fever, severe catarrhal inflammation of the digestive tract and respiratory tract, often complicated by arthritis of the limbs, and occasionally subcutaneous emphysema.
Pathogen: The pathogen is bovine influenza virus, which exists in the blood, lungs, and respiratory secretions of sick cattle. It has low resistance to the external environment and can be killed in 10 minutes at 56 degrees. Ultraviolet irradiation, acid, and alkali all have inactivating effects.
This disease spreads rapidly, with a morbidity rate of 40% to 60%. It is mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract. Bites by blood-sucking insects, equipment, humans, and other animals can all spread this disease. It occurs mostly in the late autumn and early spring seasons of damp, rainy weather and abrupt climate changes. Beef cattle aged 3 to 5 years are most susceptible to the disease, and poor feeding and management, improper use for labor, and similar factors can induce this disease. The course of the disease is short, but the outcome is generally good. According to many years of observation, this disease has a major epidemic every 3 to 5 years.
Symptoms: The incubation period is 2 to 4 days, with sudden onset and very rapid spread. At onset, the hair stands erect and skin temperature is uneven. Local to whole-body muscle trembling occurs, most notably in the head and neck. The joints of the hind limbs are painful, leading to paralysis and inability to stand.
Diagnosis: It is not difficult to confirm the diagnosis mainly based on epidemic characteristics and clinical symptoms, but it should be differentiated from the common cold (fengshan). The common cold is not epidemic, body temperature is slightly elevated or normal, and there are no obvious systemic symptoms. (.........)
--------------------------------------
The most terrifying is H5N1, which caused large numbers of poultry infections, and H1N1, which caused the current worldwide pandemic.
--------------------------------------
Since there are classifications, how should prevention and treatment be done? Could the original poster explain it more clearly?