What is the difference between choline and choline chloride?
Choline and choline chloride
1 Properties
Choline, code name vitamin B4, can be produced during animal metabolism. Therefore, quite a number of scholars do not advocate classifying it as avitamincategory. However, because choline serves as a methyl donor and plays an important role in nerve and fat metabolism, it receives considerable attention as a feed additive ingredient. Choline naturally exists in green plants, grains, legumes, and yeast. It is abundant in fish meal, meat-and-bone meal, and organ meal.
The feed product is choline hydrochloride, commonly called choline chloride, and its aqueous solution is a viscous liquid. By adding fine wheat middlings, rice husk powder, or silicon dioxide and other shaping and dispersing agents to a 70% aqueous solution of choline chloride, a powdered product containing 50% choline chloride can be made.
Choline chloride and the powdered commercial product containing 50% choline chloride, if not sealed or coated for isolation, both readily absorb moisture, so they should be stored sealed and dry.
Choline chloride has a destructive effect on vitamin A, D, E and other B-group vitamins, so it should not be directly added tovitaminpremixes. Choline chloride is measured by weight units.
2 Chemical structure and molecular weight
The molecular formula of choline (Choline): C5H15ON02, molecular weight: 121.16;
The molecular formula of choline chloride (Choline Chloride): C5H14NOCL, molecular weight: 139.63. Its structural formula is shown in Figure 1.
Calculated according to the molecular weight of the pure product, an equal amount of choline chloride is only equivalent to 121.16/139.63≈87% of choline, that is, 139.63/121.16≈1.15 times the amount of choline chloride is needed to replace a unit amount of choline; the theoretical basis is equimolar substitution. Some people also believe that the conversion relationship between choline chloride and choline should be 039.63-35.45)/139.63≈75%, that is, 139.63/(139.63 -35.45≈1.34 times the amount of choline chloride is needed to replace a unit amount of choline. This does not consider the animal's metabolic synthesis function and only calculates the choline molecular component amount that choline chloride can provide after removing Cl, which departs from animal nutrition reality. 3 Physiological functions and deficiency symptoms
Physiological functions of choline:
① Choline is necessary for the synthesis of various phospholipids (lecithin, cephalin, sphingomyelin). It constitutes cell membranes and lipoproteins and maintains normal cell structure and function. It participates in cartilage matrix formation and maturation;
② Choline is an important participating and regulatory substance in the synthesis, metabolism, and transport of liver and body fat;
③ Choline is an important component for synthesizing acetylcholine and plays an important role in nerve signal transmission;
④ In metabolism, choline is similar to methionine and betaine and can provide the methyl groups needed for biochemical processes.
Choline deficiency may lead to: fat metabolism disorders and liver fatty degeneration (fatty liver syndrome); ② bone and joint deformities, with chickens developing slipped tendon and short, thick bones; ③ stunted animal growth, causing high mortality in young livestock and poultry.
4 Choline content in feed and animal requirements
Choline nutritional requirements of pigs and chickens (in air-dried diet: mgkg) adult chickens 500; chicks and young chickens 1300; growing chickens 800; piglets 600-300; pregnant sows 1250, lactating sows and boars 1 000. Yao Shangkui
--------------------------------------
Thank you, this is really very useful
--------------------------------------
Thanks, it has practical value.
--------------------------------------
Not bad, written in fairly detailed form!
--------------------------------------
Thanks, valuable
--------------------------------------
Thank you, this is really very useful
--------------------------------------
Very good, support it, I hope everyone discusses its optimal dosage.
--------------------------------------
This should be studied, there is so much worth learning
--------------------------------------
In complete feed for chicks, using 50% choline chloride, the added amount would be nearly 3.5 kg??? That is quite a lot!!!
--------------------------------------
Very practical, thank you very much, I am looking for information on this
--------------------------------------
Let me add some information:
Choline content in commonly used feeds (mg/kg)
Corn >400; sorghum >600; wheat >1000; bran >1000; soybean cake >2000; rapeseed cake >6000;
Fresh brewer's grains >2000; fresh sugar beet pulp >800; alfalfa meal >1000;
Fish meal >3000; meat-and-bone meal >2000; blood meal >900; skimmed milk powder >800;
Note: The information comes from the internet and is for reference only.
--------------------------------------
Thank you everyone! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
Choline, code name vitamin B4, can be produced during animal metabolism. Therefore, quite a number of scholars do not advocate classifying it as avitamincategory. However, because choline serves as a methyl donor and plays an important role in nerve and fat metabolism, it receives considerable attention as a feed additive ingredient. Choline naturally exists in green plants, grains, legumes, and yeast. It is abundant in fish meal, meat-and-bone meal, and organ meal.
The feed product is choline hydrochloride, commonly called choline chloride, and its aqueous solution is a viscous liquid. By adding fine wheat middlings, rice husk powder, or silicon dioxide and other shaping and dispersing agents to a 70% aqueous solution of choline chloride, a powdered product containing 50% choline chloride can be made.
Choline chloride and the powdered commercial product containing 50% choline chloride, if not sealed or coated for isolation, both readily absorb moisture, so they should be stored sealed and dry.
Choline chloride has a destructive effect on vitamin A, D, E and other B-group vitamins, so it should not be directly added tovitaminpremixes. Choline chloride is measured by weight units.
2 Chemical structure and molecular weight
The molecular formula of choline (Choline): C5H15ON02, molecular weight: 121.16;
The molecular formula of choline chloride (Choline Chloride): C5H14NOCL, molecular weight: 139.63. Its structural formula is shown in Figure 1.
Calculated according to the molecular weight of the pure product, an equal amount of choline chloride is only equivalent to 121.16/139.63≈87% of choline, that is, 139.63/121.16≈1.15 times the amount of choline chloride is needed to replace a unit amount of choline; the theoretical basis is equimolar substitution. Some people also believe that the conversion relationship between choline chloride and choline should be 039.63-35.45)/139.63≈75%, that is, 139.63/(139.63 -35.45≈1.34 times the amount of choline chloride is needed to replace a unit amount of choline. This does not consider the animal's metabolic synthesis function and only calculates the choline molecular component amount that choline chloride can provide after removing Cl, which departs from animal nutrition reality. 3 Physiological functions and deficiency symptoms
Physiological functions of choline:
① Choline is necessary for the synthesis of various phospholipids (lecithin, cephalin, sphingomyelin). It constitutes cell membranes and lipoproteins and maintains normal cell structure and function. It participates in cartilage matrix formation and maturation;
② Choline is an important participating and regulatory substance in the synthesis, metabolism, and transport of liver and body fat;
③ Choline is an important component for synthesizing acetylcholine and plays an important role in nerve signal transmission;
④ In metabolism, choline is similar to methionine and betaine and can provide the methyl groups needed for biochemical processes.
Choline deficiency may lead to: fat metabolism disorders and liver fatty degeneration (fatty liver syndrome); ② bone and joint deformities, with chickens developing slipped tendon and short, thick bones; ③ stunted animal growth, causing high mortality in young livestock and poultry.
4 Choline content in feed and animal requirements
Choline nutritional requirements of pigs and chickens (in air-dried diet: mgkg) adult chickens 500; chicks and young chickens 1300; growing chickens 800; piglets 600-300; pregnant sows 1250, lactating sows and boars 1 000. Yao Shangkui
--------------------------------------
Thank you, this is really very useful
--------------------------------------
Thanks, it has practical value.
--------------------------------------
Not bad, written in fairly detailed form!
--------------------------------------
Thanks, valuable
--------------------------------------
Thank you, this is really very useful
--------------------------------------
Very good, support it, I hope everyone discusses its optimal dosage.
--------------------------------------
This should be studied, there is so much worth learning
--------------------------------------
In complete feed for chicks, using 50% choline chloride, the added amount would be nearly 3.5 kg??? That is quite a lot!!!
--------------------------------------
Very practical, thank you very much, I am looking for information on this
--------------------------------------
Let me add some information:
Choline content in commonly used feeds (mg/kg)
Corn >400; sorghum >600; wheat >1000; bran >1000; soybean cake >2000; rapeseed cake >6000;
Fresh brewer's grains >2000; fresh sugar beet pulp >800; alfalfa meal >1000;
Fish meal >3000; meat-and-bone meal >2000; blood meal >900; skimmed milk powder >800;
Note: The information comes from the internet and is for reference only.
--------------------------------------
Thank you everyone! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !