Corn bran, sprayed corn bran, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, corn DDGS
Corn bran, sprayed corn bran, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, corn DDGS
What exactly are these things? Nobody seems quite sure, and the nutritional values vary widely too. How to actually use them is a real headache. Could the veterans here give some advice, what attitude and approach should be used?
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Good post, this should be discussed. I think corn bran and corn gluten meal are the same thing, namely the seed coat outside the corn kernel, with low utilization rate. Sprayed corn bran is made by spraying the corn steeping liquid onto the corn bran, hence the name sprayed corn bran; it contains some hydrolyzed monosaccharides, so its utilization rate is higher than corn bran
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Keep going, veterans, let's hear your views.
Another question: the price of cottonseed meal is getting higher and higher, how much feeding value does it still have?
--------------------------------------
When soybean meal is expensive, other miscellaneous meal raw materials also become expensive
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Brief introduction to corn by-product feeds
As the industrial uses of corn continue to expand, the corn used for feed is trending downward year by year and its price keeps rising. In order not to raise the feeding cost of dairy cows, to provide cattle raisers with a certain profit margin, and to reduce the conflict between industrial corn use and livestock feed, here is a nutritional introduction to some corn by-products that can be used as feed.
I. Industrial by-product feeds that can be produced from corn processing
Corn contains starch, fiber, protein and fat (germ oil), so it is a raw material for processing many industrial products (Figure 1).
Figure 1 Industrial products made from corn
1. Alcohol. Corn kernels are steeped to extract the corn steep liquor, and the remaining part can be fermented to make alcohol. Alcohol is an important chemical raw material and fuel. The by-products of alcohol production include:
1) DDG, also called dried distillers grains. It is the by-product after corn is fermented into alcohol and then distilled to extract the alcohol. As-is it generally contains 27.8% protein, on a dry basis 29.7% protein, 8%-12% fat, NEm 1.85 Mcal/kg, NEg 1.25 Mcal/kg, NEL 2.19 Mcal/kg (or 2.9 NND/kg). It is high in phosphorus and potassium but low in calcium. It is a high-quality protein supplement for feeding dairy cows; its rumen-undegradable protein rate is higher than that of soybean meal, reaching 50%-60%. The daily feeding amount per head can reach 2.7-5.4 kg. It helps increase milk production and prevent rumen acidosis.
2) DDGS, which is the product obtained by concentrating and drying some of the soluble substances produced during fermentation and the corn steep liquor, and then adding them back to the dried distillers grains. Except that the crude protein content is slightly lower than DDG, its other characteristics and usage amounts are the same as DDG.
3) DDS, also called dried corn steep liquor. Because it is mixed with DDG to make DDGS, this type of product is relatively rare.
2. Corn starch
After corn is steeped and the steep liquor is extracted, what remains is called corn grits. After the corn grits are degermed, then ground and subjected to water separation to obtain starch, the remaining by-products that can be used as feed include the following.
1) Corn bran (hull) (CGF), also called corn bran residue, or corn fiber feed, corn bran, etc. It is the part retained on the screen after corn is steeped, crushed and water-separated during starch production, and is made into corn gluten feed after dehydration. The yield is about 5%. Its composition is: moisture 10.07%, crude protein 20.0% (20%-22%), crude fat 5.7%, crude ash 1.0%, crude fiber 16.20% (6-16%), nitrogen-free extract 57.45% (of which starch over 40%), NEm 2.05 Mcal/kg, NEg 1.41 Mcal/kg, NEL 1.87 Mcal/kg (or 2.5 NND/kg). Of the protein it contains, 30% is rumen-undegradable protein. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 69%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) 30%, calcium 0.10%, phosphorus 0.30%.
Feeding amount: 4.5-13.6 kg/head per day. It can replace 50%-80% of wheat bran. A 2-3 day transition period is required when feeding it.
Using corn starch as a raw material, glutamic acid, vitamin C, monosodium glutamate, acetic acid, acetone or adhesives, L-lactic acid, etc. can be produced.
2) Corn yellow steeping water and its dried product - corn steep liquor protein. The yellow water is the clear liquid after corn starch is precipitated, and corn steep liquor protein is made from it after dehydration. Its yield is about 4.5%. The yellow steeping water can be processed to produce glucose, fructose, maltose, oligosaccharides, whole sugar powder, maltodextrin, crystalline fructose, etc. It can also be used to extract corn yellow pigment (isoprenoids), zein and various amino acids (methionine about 40%, leucine 7-13%).
After dehydration and drying, the resulting steep liquor protein contains more than 60% crude protein, and its nutritional value can rival that of fish meal and soybean meal. Its characteristics: (1) good color and good palatability; (2) high digestibility (e.g., amino acid digestibility reaching 95%); (3) high energy value (1.7-2.5 Mcal/kg); (4) milk-production-increasing effect.
3) Corn gluten meal, which is the washing liquid from eluting starch, or the corn syrup from producing fructose. The yield is 0.5%, and it contains more than 60% crude protein. It is a protein feed with relatively high effective energy value, and the amino acid utilization rate of the product alone is almost equal to that of soybean meal.
3. Corn germ and germ cake (meal)
This is the product obtained after the corn is degermed. Its yield is 6.2%-6.5%, and it is the raw material for extracting corn oil. The germ contains 46%-48% oil, and every 100 kg of corn can yield about 2.5-3.0 kg of oil. Before oil extraction, corn germ has a relatively high energy value and can serve as an energy and protein supplement for dairy cows in peak lactation, with the daily amount controlled within 2.5 kg. After the corn germ is pressed for oil, germ cake (meal) is obtained. Its yield is: from 100 kg of corn, 3 kg of oil is obtained, and about 3.2 kg of corn germ cake (meal) is obtained. Germ meal contains 22.6% crude protein (range 18%-23%), 1.9% fat, 24% starch, 9.5% crude fiber, 3.8% ash, 10% moisture, net energy for lactation 2.1 Mcal/kg, calcium 0.06%, phosphorus 0.56%, and is a protein feed for feeding dairy cows. The amount used can account for 10% of the dietary dry matter.
Some of the industrial by-product feeds that can be produced from corn and their yields are shown in Figure 2.
II. By-product feed obtained from corn milling (dry) - corn bran
When corn is dry-milled in a flour mill and the flour is sifted out, the remaining part on the screen is generally called corn bran and can be used as dairy cow feed. It consists of corn bran, germ, and the starch in the germ kernel. Its crude protein content is 9.1%, fat 6% (dry basis), net energy for lactation 1.95 Mcal/kg, calcium 0.04%, phosphorus 0.18%, and crude fiber 10.9%. It contains NDF 69%, ADF 30%, and rumen-undegradable protein 30%. It is a transitional type of feed between energy feed and protein feed. The daily feeding amount can reach 4.5-13.6 kg, replacing 50%-80% of wheat bran.
III. Several types of protein feed processed from corn industrial by-products as raw materials.
1. Corn compound protein feed (non-fermented product), also called corn gluten feed. It is prepared from corn bran (40%-60%), corn gluten meal (15%-25%) and corn steep liquor (dry) (25%-40%). The stated protein content is 10%-20%, and the digestibility is 85%. It is a product between energy feed and protein feed.
2. Corn gluten feed
This is a compound protein feed produced by mixing the by-products of corn starch - corn gluten meal, corn yellow steeping water, corn fiber, broken corn, etc., then through high-temperature pressing and degreasing, then inoculating multiple acid-tolerant bacteria strains for liquid/solid-state fermentation, and then subjecting the obtained product to low-temperature hydrolysis, extrusion and drying.
Product specifications:
1) Moisture <11%
2) Crude protein 20%-35%
3) Crude fat <4%
4) Crude ash <5%
5) Crude fiber 10%
6) Contents of various amino acids: glutamic acid 6.331%, arginine 2.456%, methionine 1.211%, tryptophan 0.543%, phenylalanine 2.12%, lysine 1.091%.
7) Product color: yellow granules, with a slight fermentation odor.
8) Characteristics: rich in nutrition, possessing the nutritional characteristics of various coarse grains, and rich in various amino acids.
3. Corn sprayed protein
Also called corn bran. It is the by-product after corn is moistened and then processed for starch and germ, with the main component being corn bran. Then corn yellow steeping water, which is high in protein and energy, is sprayed onto it, greatly increasing its energy, protein and amino acid contents; after drying it becomes corn sprayed protein. Its characteristics: (1) yellow in color; (2) good palatability, animals like to eat it; (3) energy content 1.7-2.5 Mcal/kg; (4) digestibility above 90%.
[ This post was last edited by Bai Bing on 2008-8-5 15:29]Attachments:You need to log in to download or view attachments. No account? Register
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Good stuff, I learned something, thanks...
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Soybean meal prices are starting to fall.
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Thanks to the original poster! Now I finally understand it.
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There are really too many things made from corn, my head hurts trying to remember them all
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Got it, now I know what is what
--------------------------------------
The explanation is too detailed, thanks.
There are really too many by-products, and there is another one that is a glucose by-product, which some people call corn glycoprotein; I don't know if anyone has used it
--------------------------------------
The quality of by-products is hard to control, especially corn by-products!
--------------------------------------
Good post, this should be discussed. I think corn bran and corn gluten meal are the same thing, namely the seed coat outside the corn kernel, with low utilization rate. Sprayed corn bran is made by spraying the corn steeping liquid onto the corn bran, hence the name sprayed corn bran; it contains some hydrolyzed monosaccharides, so its utilization rate is higher than corn bran
--------------------------------------
Keep going, veterans, let's hear your views.
Another question: the price of cottonseed meal is getting higher and higher, how much feeding value does it still have?
--------------------------------------
When soybean meal is expensive, other miscellaneous meal raw materials also become expensive
--------------------------------------
Brief introduction to corn by-product feeds
As the industrial uses of corn continue to expand, the corn used for feed is trending downward year by year and its price keeps rising. In order not to raise the feeding cost of dairy cows, to provide cattle raisers with a certain profit margin, and to reduce the conflict between industrial corn use and livestock feed, here is a nutritional introduction to some corn by-products that can be used as feed.
I. Industrial by-product feeds that can be produced from corn processing
Corn contains starch, fiber, protein and fat (germ oil), so it is a raw material for processing many industrial products (Figure 1).
Figure 1 Industrial products made from corn
1. Alcohol. Corn kernels are steeped to extract the corn steep liquor, and the remaining part can be fermented to make alcohol. Alcohol is an important chemical raw material and fuel. The by-products of alcohol production include:
1) DDG, also called dried distillers grains. It is the by-product after corn is fermented into alcohol and then distilled to extract the alcohol. As-is it generally contains 27.8% protein, on a dry basis 29.7% protein, 8%-12% fat, NEm 1.85 Mcal/kg, NEg 1.25 Mcal/kg, NEL 2.19 Mcal/kg (or 2.9 NND/kg). It is high in phosphorus and potassium but low in calcium. It is a high-quality protein supplement for feeding dairy cows; its rumen-undegradable protein rate is higher than that of soybean meal, reaching 50%-60%. The daily feeding amount per head can reach 2.7-5.4 kg. It helps increase milk production and prevent rumen acidosis.
2) DDGS, which is the product obtained by concentrating and drying some of the soluble substances produced during fermentation and the corn steep liquor, and then adding them back to the dried distillers grains. Except that the crude protein content is slightly lower than DDG, its other characteristics and usage amounts are the same as DDG.
3) DDS, also called dried corn steep liquor. Because it is mixed with DDG to make DDGS, this type of product is relatively rare.
2. Corn starch
After corn is steeped and the steep liquor is extracted, what remains is called corn grits. After the corn grits are degermed, then ground and subjected to water separation to obtain starch, the remaining by-products that can be used as feed include the following.
1) Corn bran (hull) (CGF), also called corn bran residue, or corn fiber feed, corn bran, etc. It is the part retained on the screen after corn is steeped, crushed and water-separated during starch production, and is made into corn gluten feed after dehydration. The yield is about 5%. Its composition is: moisture 10.07%, crude protein 20.0% (20%-22%), crude fat 5.7%, crude ash 1.0%, crude fiber 16.20% (6-16%), nitrogen-free extract 57.45% (of which starch over 40%), NEm 2.05 Mcal/kg, NEg 1.41 Mcal/kg, NEL 1.87 Mcal/kg (or 2.5 NND/kg). Of the protein it contains, 30% is rumen-undegradable protein. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 69%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) 30%, calcium 0.10%, phosphorus 0.30%.
Feeding amount: 4.5-13.6 kg/head per day. It can replace 50%-80% of wheat bran. A 2-3 day transition period is required when feeding it.
Using corn starch as a raw material, glutamic acid, vitamin C, monosodium glutamate, acetic acid, acetone or adhesives, L-lactic acid, etc. can be produced.
2) Corn yellow steeping water and its dried product - corn steep liquor protein. The yellow water is the clear liquid after corn starch is precipitated, and corn steep liquor protein is made from it after dehydration. Its yield is about 4.5%. The yellow steeping water can be processed to produce glucose, fructose, maltose, oligosaccharides, whole sugar powder, maltodextrin, crystalline fructose, etc. It can also be used to extract corn yellow pigment (isoprenoids), zein and various amino acids (methionine about 40%, leucine 7-13%).
After dehydration and drying, the resulting steep liquor protein contains more than 60% crude protein, and its nutritional value can rival that of fish meal and soybean meal. Its characteristics: (1) good color and good palatability; (2) high digestibility (e.g., amino acid digestibility reaching 95%); (3) high energy value (1.7-2.5 Mcal/kg); (4) milk-production-increasing effect.
3) Corn gluten meal, which is the washing liquid from eluting starch, or the corn syrup from producing fructose. The yield is 0.5%, and it contains more than 60% crude protein. It is a protein feed with relatively high effective energy value, and the amino acid utilization rate of the product alone is almost equal to that of soybean meal.
3. Corn germ and germ cake (meal)
This is the product obtained after the corn is degermed. Its yield is 6.2%-6.5%, and it is the raw material for extracting corn oil. The germ contains 46%-48% oil, and every 100 kg of corn can yield about 2.5-3.0 kg of oil. Before oil extraction, corn germ has a relatively high energy value and can serve as an energy and protein supplement for dairy cows in peak lactation, with the daily amount controlled within 2.5 kg. After the corn germ is pressed for oil, germ cake (meal) is obtained. Its yield is: from 100 kg of corn, 3 kg of oil is obtained, and about 3.2 kg of corn germ cake (meal) is obtained. Germ meal contains 22.6% crude protein (range 18%-23%), 1.9% fat, 24% starch, 9.5% crude fiber, 3.8% ash, 10% moisture, net energy for lactation 2.1 Mcal/kg, calcium 0.06%, phosphorus 0.56%, and is a protein feed for feeding dairy cows. The amount used can account for 10% of the dietary dry matter.
Some of the industrial by-product feeds that can be produced from corn and their yields are shown in Figure 2.
II. By-product feed obtained from corn milling (dry) - corn bran
When corn is dry-milled in a flour mill and the flour is sifted out, the remaining part on the screen is generally called corn bran and can be used as dairy cow feed. It consists of corn bran, germ, and the starch in the germ kernel. Its crude protein content is 9.1%, fat 6% (dry basis), net energy for lactation 1.95 Mcal/kg, calcium 0.04%, phosphorus 0.18%, and crude fiber 10.9%. It contains NDF 69%, ADF 30%, and rumen-undegradable protein 30%. It is a transitional type of feed between energy feed and protein feed. The daily feeding amount can reach 4.5-13.6 kg, replacing 50%-80% of wheat bran.
III. Several types of protein feed processed from corn industrial by-products as raw materials.
1. Corn compound protein feed (non-fermented product), also called corn gluten feed. It is prepared from corn bran (40%-60%), corn gluten meal (15%-25%) and corn steep liquor (dry) (25%-40%). The stated protein content is 10%-20%, and the digestibility is 85%. It is a product between energy feed and protein feed.
2. Corn gluten feed
This is a compound protein feed produced by mixing the by-products of corn starch - corn gluten meal, corn yellow steeping water, corn fiber, broken corn, etc., then through high-temperature pressing and degreasing, then inoculating multiple acid-tolerant bacteria strains for liquid/solid-state fermentation, and then subjecting the obtained product to low-temperature hydrolysis, extrusion and drying.
Product specifications:
1) Moisture <11%
2) Crude protein 20%-35%
3) Crude fat <4%
4) Crude ash <5%
5) Crude fiber 10%
6) Contents of various amino acids: glutamic acid 6.331%, arginine 2.456%, methionine 1.211%, tryptophan 0.543%, phenylalanine 2.12%, lysine 1.091%.
7) Product color: yellow granules, with a slight fermentation odor.
8) Characteristics: rich in nutrition, possessing the nutritional characteristics of various coarse grains, and rich in various amino acids.
3. Corn sprayed protein
Also called corn bran. It is the by-product after corn is moistened and then processed for starch and germ, with the main component being corn bran. Then corn yellow steeping water, which is high in protein and energy, is sprayed onto it, greatly increasing its energy, protein and amino acid contents; after drying it becomes corn sprayed protein. Its characteristics: (1) yellow in color; (2) good palatability, animals like to eat it; (3) energy content 1.7-2.5 Mcal/kg; (4) digestibility above 90%.
[ This post was last edited by Bai Bing on 2008-8-5 15:29]Attachments:You need to log in to download or view attachments. No account? Register
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Good stuff, I learned something, thanks...
--------------------------------------
Soybean meal prices are starting to fall.
--------------------------------------
Thanks to the original poster! Now I finally understand it.
--------------------------------------
There are really too many things made from corn, my head hurts trying to remember them all
--------------------------------------
Got it, now I know what is what
--------------------------------------
The explanation is too detailed, thanks.
There are really too many by-products, and there is another one that is a glucose by-product, which some people call corn glycoprotein; I don't know if anyone has used it
--------------------------------------
The quality of by-products is hard to control, especially corn by-products!